金融科技与上市商业银行全要素生产率的研究——基于三阶段SBM-DEA模型

本文运用基于非径向和非角度以及包含非期望产出的三阶段SBM-DEA模型三阶段对我国28家上市商业银行2009-2018年的全要素生产率进行了测算和分析,并依据国有商业银行、股份制银行和城市商业银行属性进行异质性分析。同时使用固定效应模型对金融科技对银行全要素生产率的影响进行实证分析。研究结果表明：（1）商业银行金融科技的发展对上市银行全要素生产率有明显正向促进作用,主要的作用路径是通过促进商业银行产品与服务上的创新。（2）相较于城市商业银行,这种促进作用对国有银行和大型商业银行表现更大,尤其是大型商业银行。（3）效率分解为纯技术效率和规模效率后,商业银行金融科技的发展对银行纯技术效率的提升有正向促进作用,说明金融科技的发展对银行全要素生产率的作用更多表现在技术进步方面。     

中国商业银行全要素生产率及其影响因素的实证研究——基于DEA的Malmquist生产率指数法

利用2004—2009年我国15家商业银行的面板数据,运用基于DEA的Malmquist生产率指数法,测算了商业银行的Malmquist生产率指数及其分解指数。结果显示:我国商业银行的全要素生产率整体呈下降趋势,其中,技术进步指数的下降幅度较大,纯技术效率变化指数和规模效率变化指数略有升高。在此基础上,对影响我国商业银行全要素生产率的因素进行了分析。实证结果表明:进出口总额和货币供应量增长率对我国商业银行全要素生产率的提升有正向作用,国内生产总值和全社会固定资产投资有显著的负向作用。     

不良贷款约束下的中国银行业全要素生产率增长研究

本文运用共同边界Malmquist-Luenberger生产率指数测度了2004—2009年中国27家商业银行在不良贷款约束下的全要素生产率增长及其成分,并对影响全要素生产率增长的宏观经济因素进行了实证分析。本文的主要结论有:在表示偏离共同边界的技术落差比率方面,国有商业银行呈"V"型,股份制商业银行较平稳,城市商业银行逐步上升;总体上,中国银行业的全要素生产率是进步的,纯技术进步是推动全要素生产率进步的主要动力,纯技术效率变化和规模效率变化进步都不明显,技术规模变化显示中国银行业趋向CRS边界;股份制商业银行的纯技术赶超最优,而潜在技术相对变动方面表现较弱;外资银行进入和固定资产投资增加对银行全要素生产率提高有推动作用。     

中国商业银行全要素生产率分析——基于三阶段Malmquist指数模型

本文运用三阶段Malmquist指数对我国商业银行2004—2008年的全要素生产率变化情况进行研究。研究结果表明,环境变量对我国商业银行的投入变量有显著的影响,传统的Malmquist方法高估了我国商业银行全要素生产率变化指数、技术进步变化指数以及技术效率变化指数;我国银行业在2004—2008年间出现了全要素生产率的改进,这主要源于技术进步的作用;金融危机的爆发使得我国银行业整体生产率大幅度下降,但对国有商业银行的影响要小于对股份制商业银行的影响。     

效率改善、技术进步与中国家电跨国企业的成长——基于DEA模型的实证分析

本文利用数据包络分析法(DEA)对中国10家主要的家电跨国企业2004—2006年经营效率进行总体分析与评价,并利用Malmquist全要素生产力指数对这些家电跨国企业的效率变动进行分析。研究结果表明,中国家电跨国企业的生产经营效率总体上呈现逐年提高的趋势,效率改善明显,而且效率提升主要来自生产经营决策与管理带来的纯技术效率提升上;同时企业的总部所在区域、家电产品类别和跨国经营时间长短等因素都会使企业在技术效率、纯技术效率与规模效率方面存在差异;动态效率分析的结果表明,行业技术进步对中国家电跨国企业效率提升的作用微乎其微。由此可见,核心技术的缺乏、技术创新能力的薄弱仍是制约中国家电企业发展的根源,要从根本上提高中国家电跨国企业的生产经营效率,必须推动行业技术进步,提高技术进步对全要素生产率改善的贡献度。     

中国商业银行的成本非效率、规模经济及技术进步(1994-2010)——基于随机前沿对数成本函数方法的实证分析

本文运用随机前沿对数成本函数方法对我国十四家商业银行1994-2010年的成本非效率、规模经济及技术进步进行实证分析,结果发现股份制商业银行样本期的平均成本非效率小于大型商业银行样本期的平均成本非效率;股份制商业银行样本期的平均规模经济指数略微小于大型商业银行样本期的平均规模经济指数,总体来说我国商业银行在追求规模经济方面差距不大.股份制商业银行样本期的平均技术进步效应明显好于大型商业银行样本期的平均技术进步效应.本文的结论是:我国商业银行通过扩大产出实现规模经济来降低成本的空间很小,今后提高我国商业银行效率的主要途径:一是降低商业银行的成本非效率,二是提高商业银行的技术进步率.     

基于DEA模型的我国金融机构效率评价

本文选用我国13家上市商业银行2005--2011年的数据为样本,运用数据包络分析法（DEA）测算各家商业银行的技术效率、纯技术效率和规模效率。对比国有商业银行和股份制银行效率的差异,可知样本银行的技术效率、纯技术效率以及规模效率比较高,但相对于股份制银行来说,国有商业银行的整体效率普遍偏低。     

基于DEA的我国商业银行效率实证分析——以2006—2008年13家商业银行为例

运用数据包络分析方法(DEA)的CRS和VRS模型,测度了我国14家商业银行的技术效率、纯技术效率和规模效率,然后对各家商业银行进行了效率排序,并分别从横截面和纵截面分析了其效率值,为我国商业银行的效率状况提供全面的信息.     

高学历人才引进是否会提升商业银行效率？

文章选取了2014—2021年中国15家A股上市商业银行年度数据，利用DEA-Malmquist模型测算上市商业银行的效率，并实证分析高学历人才引进对商业银行效率的影响。研究结果表明：本科及以上学历人才对商业银行全要素生产率存在显著的积极影响。从全要素生产率分解值来看，高学历人才对商业银行技术效率和技术进步均产生积极作用从而促进整体效率的提升。从学历层次上看，具有本科学历和研究生学历的员工在提升商业银行效率方面存在一定的异质性。     

人工智能企业创新效率评价及影响因素研究——基于Super DEA-Tobit模型

文章运用超效率DEA与Malmquist指数分别从静态和动态两个层面对人工智能上市企业创新效率进行测度,并进一步利用Tobit回归和脉冲响应对人工智能企业创新效率影响因素进行探究.研究发现:创新效率整体呈现波动下降趋势,且民营企业与国有企业创新效率存在差异性;创新效率进步得益于规模效率增长,而创新效率降低主要受到纯技术效率下降的影响;技术进步和纯技术效率下降分别是制约国有和民营人工智能企业创新效率提升的主要因素;政府支持对创新效率提升具有持续促进作用,而税收负担具有持续抑制作用.     

Does bank efficiency matter? Market value relevance of bank efficiency in Australia

The stochastic frontier analysis is employed to investigate efficiency of publicly listed Australian banks over the period 1985 to 2008. The results suggest that technical, cost and profit efficiency of Australian banks have improved over time. Large banks have attained a higher level of cost efficiency but a lower level of technical efficiency compared to small banks. No substantial difference between the two groups is found in terms of profit efficiency. A panel regression of bank stock return on bank efficiency suggests that an improvement in technical, cost or profit efficiency contributes to the market value of a bank. Thus, the shareholder wealth maximization goal is aligned with the goal of maximizing bank efficiency in the Australian context.     

公司信息披露与年度股东大会

年度股东大会为股东提供了一个表达他们对公司经营绩效关心的机会,这使得经理们设法表现出良好的经营业绩。为了回应股东的压力,经理们往往会在年度股东大会之前披露积极消息公告。具体来说,在年度会议日期前40天的平均累积异常报酬显着为正。尤其当股东对公司经营绩效越不满,会议前回报越是显著较高。如果股东对管理层的压力过大,如机构持股高或者高管薪酬较高时,过去的业绩不佳的公司就会表现出更高的股东年会前回报。     

Productivity and efficiency change and shareholder value: evidence from the Spanish banking sector

Productivity change and shareholder value have been analysed in the banking sector in the last few years, although it should be noted that these two important aspects have been studied separately. In this regard, the main contribution of our study is to link these two lines of research by verifying whether those banks characterized by higher levels of efficiency and productivity change have a higher shareholder value. To measure changes in efficiency and productivity we use the Malmquist nonparametric technique, which is calculated from Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) linear programming approach. The Malmquist total factor productivity index enables separation of the ‘catching up’ effect, i.e. changes over time in technical efficiency, from ‘technological change’, i.e. the shift of best practice frontier over time due to technological progress. Our results for a sample of listed Spanish banks in the period 2000 to 2004 confirm that those banks with higher efficiency and productivity changes have a higher shareholder value, even after controlling for the impact of traditional measures of performance, such as return on assets.     

The quality and quantity of bank intermediation and economic growth: evidence from Asia Pacific

We investigate the impact of the quantity and quality of bank intermediation on economic growth across 14 Asia-Pacific economies over 2003–2015. Measures of bank shareholder value efficiency as well as profit and cost efficiency are used as indicators of intermediation quality. We also employ measures of liquidity creation (fat and nonfat) as a proxy for the quantity of bank intermediation. Our main finding is that the quality of bank intermediation (enhanced credit allocation) is a driver of economic growth in developed Asia-Pacific economies, whereas it is the quantity of bank intermediation (capital accumulation) that positively influences growth in developing nations. From a policy perspective, our findings suggest that policymakers in developed nations should concentrate their efforts on reforms that enhance bank efficiency. Second, reforms that stimulate capital accumulation should be encouraged in developing economies because this is the main channel that spurs economic growth.     

Production Efficiency in the South African Banking Sector: A Stochastic Analysis

Econometric estimates of the level of efficiency at bank branches are likely to provide detailed insight into the overall level of efficiency in banking. Therefore this paper uses Bayesian stochastic frontier analysis to assess the production efficiency of 61 bank branches in the nine provinces of the Republic of South Africa. We find that every branch is operating at increasing returns to scale and that the level of production efficiency of bank branches is lower than it could be. We also find that at current levels of output, on average, bank branches can reduce their costs by about 17% if they improve the level of efficiency. In addition, we find that Gauteng Province has the lowest average level of returns to scale, while the Free State Province has the highest average level of the nine provinces. In addition, via estimates of the posterior mean for shares and price elasticities, we find that the price of capital is the largest predicted proportion of costs. These findings suggest that bank branches could also obtain cost reductions by increasing the level of output. Regulatory policy reforms and competitive incentives to enable banks to meet this objective should be encouraged.     

Pursuing efficiency: a data envelopment analysis of MFIs in Latin America

This article analyses the overall profitability efficiency (PE) of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) in Latin America. The PE of each MFI in the study is broken down into two components: pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency. One data envelopment model is used to analyse each component. Each MFI was labelled as either a bank, cooperative and credit union, nonbanking financial institution or non-governmental organization, and then the analysis was performed on each separate group. The results suggest that, on average, banks are the most efficient MFIs; while NGOs are, on average, the least efficient MFIs. On average, all 4 groups are more pure technically efficient than scale efficient. Banks, nongovernmental organizations, nonbanking financial institutions, cooperatives and credit unions all seem to have problems with scale efficiency. Many MFIs seem to be operating on the increasing returns to scale frontier and are in a more favourable position for expansion.     

The Relationship between the Environmental and Financial Performance of Public Utilities

A growing body of research has centered on theissue of the relationship between financial andenvironmental performance. The lack ofconsensus in this literature can be attributedto several factors. The cost of complying withenvironmental regulation can be significant anddetrimental to shareholder wealth maximization.Conversely, a firm that can effectively controlpollution might also be able to effectivelycontrol other costs of production and henceearn a higher rate of return. We utilize datafrom the Investor Responsibility ResearchCenter as well as a proprietary database toinvestigate the relationship betweenenvironmental performance and financialperformance in electric utilities. Utilities,as producers and distributors of energy,produce substantial amounts of pollution.However, since public utilities are regulated,studying the financial and environmentalperformance of utilities affords us theopportunity to see what role regulation playsin enhancing or diminishing the relationshipbetween financial and environmentalperformance.Our results differ from earlier studies in thatwe find do not find a positive relationshipbetween holding period returns and anindustry-adjusted measure of environmentalperformance nor do we find that regulatoryclimate appears to explain returns. While theredoes not appear to be a clearly definedrelationship between regulatory climate and acompliance based measure of environmentalperformance, there is evidence of a negativerelationship between financial return and amore pro-active measure of environmentalperformance. We offer several possibleinterpretations of these results and extensionsfor future research.     

Performance of Thailand banks after the 1997 East Asian financial crisis

The performance of commercial banks and government-owned specialized banks in Thailand is estimated after the 1997 East Asian financial crisis. Commercial banks exhibit increasing returns to scale, whereas government-owned specialized banks exhibit decreasing returns to scale, implying further increases in bank size and market concentration in the commercial bank sector but not for government specialized banks. Cost inefficiency varies by bank and is a function of the ratio of nonperforming loans (NPLs) to total loans, equity to total assets and liquid assets to total assets, as well as the number of branches. On average, banks with fewer NPLs, that are well capitalized and with adequate liquidity are efficient. Thus, stricter rules to regulate credit risk management and ensure capital and liquidity adequacy would enhance efficiency in the banking sector. Although estimated input substitutability appears to be low, labour and loanable fund are substitutes. However, labour and physical capital as well as physical and loanable funds are complements in commercial banks. All the three inputs of labour, physical capital and loanable funds are substitutes for the government specialized banks.     

银行负债、制度环境与控股股东代理成本

债权人对控股股东的制衡力量在学术界一直鲜有人关注。文章就企业的银行负债对控股股东代理成本的影响进行了理论分析与实证检验,在此基础上进一步检验了产权性质对二者关系的调节作用,以及内部治理机制和法律环境与银行负债的交互作用。利用中国A股房地产上市公司2003-2011年的面板数据,研究表明:企业的银行负债显著降低了控股股东代理成本;产权性质对二者关系具有调节作用,公司内部治理机制、法律环境与银行负债存在交互作用。文章所得出的研究结论既丰富了委托代理、资本结构等相关理论,又对银行与国有企业产权改革以及企业融资决策具有较强启示意义。     

Default probability of a captive credit bank with government capital injections: A capped barrier option approach

Auto dealers use floorplan financing to buy cars from the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) with credit typically provided by the OEM's captive credit bank. The purpose of this paper is to explicate and model captive bank lending to dealers and determine the loan-risk default probability in equity returns of the captive bank under government capital injections during a financial crisis. The lending function of the captive bank necessitates modeling equity return as a “capped” barrier option. Numerical exercises show that a decrease in the discount rate of the floorplan financing or an increase in the amount of government capital injection decreases the default probability in equity returns of the captive bank. Floorplan or government assistance enables the captive bank to be much less prone to loan risk, specifically with large-scale dealers which can substantially affect the stability of the banking system.