欧盟对华直接投资对中欧贸易的效应分析——基于欧盟、日本在华投资的比较

国际直接投资理论认为：国际直接投资对东道国贸易具有进口替代、出口创造和进口引致效应。本文通过分析欧盟对华直接投资对中欧贸易的效应后得出：欧盟对华直接投资对华出口创造效应强于进口引致效应，与日本对华FDI的贸易效应相反。对此，笔者通过比较欧盟、日本对华投资特点加以解释，以为中国调整FDI政策促进经济良性发展提出政策性建议。     

日本对华贸易与直接投资的关系研究(1983-2001)

日本是中国主要的贸易伙伴国和外资来源国之一 ,研究中日之间贸易和投资的内在联系 ,有助于对日贸易和投资政策的合理制定。本文运用格兰杰因果关系检验法对中日之间贸易和投资的关系进行了检验。结果显示日本对华直接投资和中日贸易之间存在着长期的互补关系 ,FDI和制成品的出口具有双向的因果关系 ,但 FDI对进口水平仅有单向的因果关系 ,同时还发现FDI和进口贸易在短期存在替代效应     

欧盟对华直接投资对中欧贸易的效应分析——基于欧盟、日本在华投资的比较

国际直接投资理论认为:国际直接投资对东道国贸易具有进口替代、出口创造和进口引致效应.本文通过分析欧盟对华直接投资对中欧贸易的效应后得出:欧盟对华直接投资对华出口创造效应强于进口引致效应,与日本对华FDI的贸易效应相反.对此,笔者通过比较欧盟、日本对华投资特点加以解释,以为中国调整FDI政策促进经济良性发展提出政策性建议.     

外商直接投资对中国工业制成品贸易的替代效应和创造效应分析

改革开放以来,我国对外贸易发展迅速,外商直接投资也逐步增长。数据表明,中国的贸易顺差主要来自外资企业。随着外商直接投资的增长,外商投资企业在中国进出口贸易中的比重也越来越大。同时,外商投资企业又有7成以上是在制造业。本文通过对1989—2005年外商直接投资和中国工业制成品进出口额的数据进行计量分析表明,目前阶段,外商直接投资对工业制成品的贸易创造效应比较突出,而贸易替代效应还未完全凸显。从长期来看,要继续保持外资企业出口贸易高速、稳定的增长,关键在于提高其出口质量,即增加技术和资本密集型产品的出口,同时要对其进口实施更为有效的管理。     

关于日本对华直接投资贸易效应的实证分析

有关外商直接投资的贸易效应已经成为理论界讨论的热点问题,大量文献讨论了投资对贸易流量的影响.本文在前人研究的基础上,采用协整检验及误差修正模型检验,分析日本对华直接投资对于中日双边贸易所产生的效应.结果表明,日本对华直接投资与中国对日进、出口均表现为一种显著的协整关系;无论从长期还是短期看,日本对华直接投资与中国对日本的出口具有显著的双向格兰杰因果关系,但与中国对日本进口仅有单向的因果关系.     

日韩对华产业转移的贸易效应研究

日本和韩国是我国重要的贸易伙伴和外资主要来源地,双边贸易和投资日趋活跃,经贸关系不断深化.分析日本、韩国对华产业转移对我国贸易和我国对日、韩两国出口贸易所产生的效应,能够更好地指导中日、中韩经济合作实践,促进双边经济合作发展.实证分析表明,日本对华产业转移与我国贸易之间为互补关系,韩国对华产业转移和我国贸易之间则为替代关系.日、韩两国通过产业转移对华投资促进了中日、中韩出口贸易的增长,其中中韩出口贸易受到的影响较为显著.     

中日双边产业内贸易及影响因素实证研究

本文利用产业内贸易指数对1988～2008年中日贸易数据的分析结果显示:产业内贸易已成为两国贸易的重要组成部分,其中制成品特别是SITC5+7类资本或技术密集型制成品的产业内贸易特征尤为明显。进一步分析表明,中日产业内贸易比重的提升主要得益于垂直型产业内贸易的发展,且中国在中日垂直型产业内贸易中整体居于贸易劣势地位。对中日产业内贸易影响因素的回归结果显示:中日人均GDP差异、市场规模以及日本对华直接投资与中日产业内贸易正相关,而中日市场规模差异与中日产业内贸易负相关。     

中日两国产业内贸易及其影响因素分析

中日两国产业内贸易的比重正呈逐年上升的趋势，产业内贸易和产业间贸易并存发展，呈现出较为高级的垂直型分工型态。中日两国的产业内贸易受多种因素共同影响，其中，中国人均收入水平不断提高以及日本对华直接投资规模的扩大是重要的影响因素。     

日本对华农业直接投资与中日农产品贸易的关系研究

日本是中国重要的农产品出口市场和农业外资来源国之一,研究中日之间农产品贸易与直接投资的内在联系,有助于深化对双边农业经贸关系的认识。本文利用格兰杰因果关系检验法对中日农产品贸易与直接投资的关系进行了研究。结果表明,对日农产品出口、从日农产品进口和贸易总量与日本对华农业直接投资之间均存在长期稳定的互补关系;FDI和对日农产品出口之间不存在长期和短期的格兰杰因果关系,但FDI对农产品进口具有单向的长期因果关系。     

中美贸易不平衡及其与美国对华投资相关性研究

计量研究结果显示:美国对华直接投资与中美贸易之间存在长期的互补关系,尤其制成品的出口与美国对华直接投资之间具有显著的双向因果关系,制成品的出口是美中贸易逆差的因。因此,美国进入中国的FDI,尤其是进入制造业的FDI越多,美国从中国进口就越多,美中贸易逆差越大。这种贸易不平衡的扩大,主要是由于两国要素禀赋的差异和国际分工地位的不同,因而美中贸易逆差是结构性的,不仅不会在短期内消除,而且会随着美国劳动密集型产业向中国的进一步转移而加剧。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

On the Major Transformation of the Asia-Pacific Regional Structure北大核心CSSCISSCI

Recent years have witnessedsignificant changes in the Asia-Pacific regionalstructure featuring the shift in power balance among related countries as well as adjust-ments in their respective regional strategies. So what is the prevailing trend in thistransformation and what kind of regional order will likely emerge in the future？ To an-swer these questions, the paper tries to explore the following dimensions： the evolvingregional context, shift in power balance and power conversion, geo-political and geo-e-conomic developments and interactions between them, and evolving regional order. Asthe study shows, the broadening of regional geographical scope, the rise in the numberof actors involved, as well as changesin the relations among them, have combined tocast a pluralistic and complex flavor to the regional structure. While the power balanceamong China, the United States and Japan shifts, and power conversion is also occur-ring. China and Japan are paying increasing attention to their security roles, whereasthe United States under the Obama administration laid more stress on expanding itsgeo-economic clout. In spite of the intensifying geopolitical competition among China,the United States and Japan in recent years, a Sino-US strategic compromise-whichholds the key to regional geopolitics-isother front, some kind of geo-economicmore likely to take place in the future. On thecooperation will probably emerge. In the longerterm, it will be the geo-economic trend thatwill prevail over the geopolitical trend inthe region. Finally, the future evolution of regional order wiI1 mainly follow the eco-nomic logic, accompanied by the dilutionof its hegemonic and hierarchical nature.Hence, a pluralistic and complex regional community will emerge.     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.     

以资本管理为核心的银行治理综合评价指标研究

商业银行的特殊性体现在风险性、外部性和多重治理目标上，尤其集中体现在风险管理的本质上。风险管理日益成为现代商业银行的主体活动和核心职能，资本管理成为现代商业银行风险管理的核心。在整合EVA和RAROC指标的基础上。文章构建了以资本管理为核心的银行治理的综合评价指标，以求真实反映银行经营的成果，有效衡量风险收益和风险成本的对比关系，从而反映以资本管理为核心的银行风险管理的过程、能力和效率。     

Organization and incentives in the age of sail

The British Navy in the age of sail was the most successful bureaucracy of its time. Its organization and incentive structures differed importantly from contemporaneous private sailing ventures, but closely resembled those of today’s large corporations. To induce efficient effort, the navy used a hierarchical tournament, in which sailors competed for higher pay that came with promotions based on relative performance. Promotion probabilities, the option value of future promotions, and the higher effort required of men in higher ranks and on larger vessels, combined to yield a highly skewed pay structure.     

The German Hanse and Bergen – new perspectives on an old subject

Abstract

The Hanseatic League and her kontors (trading posts) were an integral part of the medieval trade system in Northern Europe. Hanse merchants dominated many markets in this region and managed to maintain a monopoly-like role in towns like Novgorod and Bergen for many centuries. Consequently, one focus of historical research about the Hanseatic League lay on the mechanisms that enabled the Hanse merchants to keep that strong of a position for such a long time.

This article is part of the discussion about this topic. Based on Lübeck merchants with business interest in the Norwegian town of Bergen, the so-called Bergenfahrers (Bergen travellers), it will give new insights into the Hansards' economical and social organization. The three main points are (a) the integration of the Bergen market in the Hanseatic trade network as an intermediary trading place on the vivid East–West route of Hanse trade; (b) the importance of the Bergenfahrers within the Hanse merchants' economical, social and political networks; and (c) the structure of the Bergenfahrers network patterns in the late Middle Ages.

In addition to new insights into the important role of Bergen and the Bergenfahrers within Lübeck's and the other Wendish Hanse towns' trading system, this articles provides further proof for the usefulness of the methods of Social Network Analysis in medieval economic research.     

Markteintrittstiming von Telekommunikationsdiensteanbietern

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie analysiert für 87 Neuprodukteinführungen (NPE) und Auslandsmarkteintritte (AME) von Telekommunikations(TK)-Diensteanbietern in Deutschland, zu denen 42 Schlüsselinformanten in einer schriftlichen Befragung Auskunft gaben, (1) inwieweit deren zeitliche Eintrittspositionierung durch Marktcharakteristika und Unternehmensressourcen erkl?rbar ist sowie (2) inwieweit und gegebenenfalls unter welchen unternehmensexternen und -internen Situationsbedingungen deren Markteintrittstiming mit dem wahrgenommenen Eintrittserfolg assoziiert ist. Ein früher Markteintritt wurde dann realisiert, wenn die Wettbewerbsintensit?t im adressierten Gesch?ft niedrig und das Budget für den Expansionsschritt überdurchschnittlich ausfielen. Zwischen dem Markteintrittstiming und der Beurteilung des Eintrittserfolgs bestand ein nicht monotoner, umgekehrt U-f?rmiger Zusammenhang: Frühe Folger wiesen signifikant bessere Erfolgswerte auf als Pioniere und sp?te Folger, deren Erfolgsniveaus nicht signifikant divergierten. In einer Industrie, die durch starke externe Netzeffekte gepr?gt ist, fallen offenbar die Nachteile eines Markteintritts als Pionier oder sp?ter Folger st?rker ins Gewicht als die Vorteile dieser beiden zeitlichen Eintrittspositionierungen. Unabh?ngig vom Markteintrittstiming wurden NPE/AME von TK-Unternehmen als erfolgreicher eingestuft, wenn sie sich in einen Markt mit stark wachsender Nachfrage und aufeinander abgestimmt (re)agierenden Wettbewerbern mit qualitativ überdurchschnittlichen, abw?rtskompatiblen, erprobbaren und wenig erkl?rungsbedürftigen TK-Diensten engagierten.      

Financial Reporting and Trade Credit: Evidence from Mandatory IFRS Adoption*

We investigate the effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on trade credit. We document that firms in countries that adopt IFRS receive more trade credit from their suppliers, consistent with improved financial reporting quality and comparability playing a role in facilitating informal financing. This increase is larger for countries with a low level of societal trust, a poor pre‐IFRS‐adoption information environment, and stronger legal enforcement. These cross‐sectional results suggest that the conditions under which higher‐quality information is made publicly available affect suppliers' decisions to provide trade credit. This increase is also larger for firms with greater exposure to foreign markets, a finding that highlights the importance of more comparable international financial reporting standards in facilitating cross‐country trade credit. We also find that IFRS adoption has a stronger positive effect on trade credit for firms with greater liquidity needs. Finally, we find that firms in countries that adopt IFRS also extend more trade credit to their customers. Overall, our results support the notion that financial reporting can have a causal effect on trade credit.