Openness and optimal monetary policy

We show that the composition of international trade has important implications for the optimal volatility of the exchange rate, above and beyond the size of trade flows. Using an analytically tractable small open economy model, we characterize the impact of the trade composition on the policy trade-off and on the role played by the exchange rate in correcting for price misalignments. Contrary to models where openness can be summarized by the degree of home bias, we find that openness can be a poor proxy of the welfare impact of alternative monetary policies. Using input–output data for 25 countries we document substantial differences in the import and non-tradable content of final demand components, and in the role played by imported inputs in domestic production. The estimates are used in a richer small-open-economy DSGE model to quantify the loss from an exchange rate peg relative to the Ramsey policy conditional on the composition of imports. We find that the main determinant of the losses is the share of non-traded goods in final demand.     

Non-infringement Suit Involving Dispute over Trademark infringement -Comments on the Case of Peter Rabbit Trademarks infringement

The Case in Brief The plaintiff： the China Social Sciences Press （CSSP）     

Non-traded goods and optimal trade policy in a cash-in-advance economy

This paper develops a standard trade model of a small open monetary economy with two traded and one non-traded goods. Money is introduced through a generalized cash-in-advance constraint where the share of goods purchases that must be made using cash, varies across sectors. We find that free trade may be harmful so that alternative policy instruments may be considered to improve welfare. In addition, we study and compare the optimal tariff formula and the optimal consumption tax structure. In the presence of a monetary distortion of the non-traded good, a consumption tax may not Pareto dominate a tariff although the latter bears an additional production burden. This corroborates the theory of second best.     

The optimal policy rule under rational expectations and multiplier uncertainty

This paper shows the role of macro policy under multiplier uncertainty when expectations are rational and the supply structure is affected by price level variance. Policy less is a function of price level variance and possibly of the expected price level. If the letter argument is omitted from the less function, optimal policy simply minimizes the horizontal variance of the aggregate demand curve. If it is not omitted, the level of policy depends on the responsiveness of the supply structure to price level variance, and there may be multiple local policy optima.     

Aggregate scale economies, market integration, and optimal welfare state policy

Using a two-sector-two-country model with aggregate scale economies and unionisation, we show that optimal welfare state policy entails positive levels of unemployment benefits under free-trade and capital mobility. In this setting, economic integration does not reduce the revenue raising capacity of governments and thus does not lead to a race-to-the-bottom in social standards. Instead, trade and capital flows interact with welfare state policies in increasing welfare even when each government acts independently (non-cooperatively) in determining its optimal welfare payment. Cooperation is shown to improve upon non-cooperative outcomes by raising both the generosity of the welfare state and aggregate welfare.     

合作保护品牌

美国海关实施品牌保护涉及到海关程序的多个方面,但海关的执法程序主要包括两个阶段：扣押与没收。在这两个阶段里,商标所有人可以亲自参与执法过程,告知海关如何识别他们的品牌,并且收集有关非法流入美国的伪造品信息。     

The balance of payments and optimal economic policy: The assignment problem revisited

In this paper a policy model suggested by Niehans is extended to show the particular and non-optimal character of the so-called assignment rules in the theory of economic policy in open economies. From the assumption that the government has two arguments in its objective function — income and the exchange reserves — an optimal policy model is developed with the techniques of optimal control theory. The optimal control rules derived from this model are easily compared with the traditional assignment rules. The model also shows how rational behaviour of the policymakers could lead to the creation of a political business cycle.     

A Line Dividing "Trademark License" and "Trademark Infringement"

Opinions are not divided on in fringement by another person's use of a registered trademark without license from the trademark registrant,nor on the non-infringement by its/his licensed use of a registered trademark.     

"飞燕灯"、"装饰灯"外观设计专利侵权纠纷案

2001年10月31日和11月15日．在北京奥尔环境艺术有限公司(以下简称澳尔公司)工作、分别担任总经理和副总经理职务的张志杰、娄宁伟，房力等三原告分别向国家知识产权局提出了名称为“大型装饰灯具”(飞燕灯)及”装饰灯”的外观设计专利申请。国家知识产权局经审查后，分别于2002，年5月22日和6月26日授予上述两项申请专利权．专利号为01350557．2和01350884．9。该公司以制造、销售艺术灯为主要经营业务．在实施三原告的两项涉案专利过程中．将两专利技术组合使用，     

企业拓展海外市场时的商标保护策略

<正>中国改革开放以来,不断吸引外资举措帮助促进了中国经济的各项发展,也使许多国际品牌得以进入中国。如今,中国品牌也在逐步开拓国际市场,国际商业舞台上也开始出现中国品牌的身影,如海尔、华为、联想等公司。     

Franchising and Trademark Protection in China

With the downturn in the US economy well into its fourth year,American and Canadian franchisors are increasingly looking to international markets to secure new franchisees.As the worlds' second largest economy and with the largest middleclass anywhere,China is generating an increasing amount of attention.     

Franchising and Trademark Protection in China

With the downturn in the US economy well into its fourth year,American and Canadian franchisors are increasingly looking to international markets to secure new franchisees.As the worlds' second largest economy and with the largest middleclass anywhere,China is generating an increasing amount of attention.     

A note on ‘optimal strategic trade policy under asymmetric information’

In [Journal of International Economics 36 (1994) 333], Larry Qiu developed a model of an optimal export promotion policy under asymmetric information. In the Bertrand competition, he shows that the expected welfare is larger under the uniform policy than under the separation-inducing policy. Actually, in this note, we show that no such separating equilibrium exists. Although his main conclusion in the Bertrand competition analysis is unaffected, his reasoning in the paper is misleading.     

跨文化交际与商标翻译

商标翻译是一种跨文化交际活动。作为商品成功走向国际市场,参与竞争的重要环节,商标翻译要求译者不仅熟练掌握两种不同语言,同时熟悉两种文化的共性和个性,穿过表层文化挖掘深层文化意蕴,准确有效地传达出商标所蕴含的商品信息,促进商品的销售和消费。本文从跨文化交际角度出发,分析文化和商标翻译的层次性,着重阐述了商标翻译中译者应把握的几个原则。     

专利侵权诉讼的特殊性及其若干程序性救济

专利侵权是一类特殊的民事纠纷，其特殊性主要表现在专利的科技属性及专利诉讼的复杂性对程序设计提出了特殊要求。目前，我国专利纠纷的审理适用普通民事诉讼程序，只是在管辖、当事人适格等个别问题最高人民法院作了特殊规定。在笔者看来，这些规定远远不能满足专利纠纷的特殊属性及其对程序设计的特殊要求。本文将重点介绍与阐释美国专利纠纷中若干特殊程序设计，并从比较法角度对我国相关制度完善提出若干建议。     

Cases of Trademark Examination Review and Adjudication

Case of Reexamination of Rejection of Trademark “GE“ 　　On 20 December 2001, the US General Electric Company (GE) filed with the Trademark Office an application for regG Eistration of the trademark “GE“(see Fig.l) on goods in class 8 of the International Classification: hand tools, table cutlery (knives, forks and spoons), side arms other than firearms, fish forks. Upon examination, the Trademark Office, pursuant to Article 11, paragraph one (3) and Article 28 of the Trademark Law of the People‘s Republic of China, rejected, on 9 October 2002, the application for registration of said mark, and made no publication thereof on the grounds that “the trademark applied for registration was the combination of two letters of ordinary typeface, which was not distinctive, so should not be registered as a trademark“. 　　……     

Cases of Trademark Examination Review and Adjudication

Case of Reexamination of Rejection of Trademark "GE" On 20 December 2001, the US General Electric Company (GE) filed with the Trademark Office an application for regG Eistration of the trademark "GE"(see Fig.l) on goods in class 8 of the International Classification: hand tools, table cutlery (knives, forks and spoons), side arms other than firearms, fish forks. Upon examination, the Trademark Office, pursuant to Article 11, paragraph one (3) and Article 28 of the Trademark Law of the People's Republic of China, rejected, on 9 October 2002, the application for registration of said mark, and made no publication thereof on the grounds that "the trademark applied for registration was the combination of two letters of ordinary typeface, which was not distinctive, so should not be registered as a trademark".     

论我国驰名商标的保护

驰名商标是企业的重要财产,也是拓展与巩固市场的有力工具。驰名商标的特殊保护已不仅仅涉及到商标所有人的利益,更成为各国用以争取和维持本国竞争者在国际市场上的竞争优势,最大限度地占领市场的有效手段。今天的驰名商标已不仅仅只是在区别商品的出处,它同时也已成为商品的一部分．人们购买商品时已不单看重它的功能和质量,同时还会看重品牌及其代表的形象。在这种情况下,保护驰名商标,对于维护驰名商标权人以及消费者的利益都是十分重要的。