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The German Excellence Initiative was intended to strengthen university-based research and to create a set of internationally competitive elite institutions. The present article analyses whether or not designation as an elite institution has had an impact on the number of first-year students. Our results indicate that this is not the case. This observation might be explained by the fact that the Excellence Initiative mainly focuses on the reputation of the university as a whole, while students are more interested in the reputation of their preferred field of study. Hence, students compare the quality of faculties or degree programmes rather than the reputation of universities. 相似文献
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Lars Brozus Oliver Geden Aida Ćumurović Reint E. Gropp Uwe Schneidewind Karl-Heinz Paqué Lars P. Feld 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2017,97(4):239-255
Since the outbreak of the financial and economic crisis, confidence in politicians as well as the economists in their advisory expert panels seems to be at an all-time low. Why do politicians reject science-based advice unless it fits into their political agenda? Are economists misunderstood by politicians and vice versa? The tension between the ideal of evidence-based policy-making and the reality of policy-based evidence-making is hardly a new phenomenon. Therefore, the expectation that Donald Trump, the Brexiteers and European populists will necessarily disappoint their voters because they simply cannot deliver what they have promised is misleading. Experts would be well advised to use the debate on the post-factual era as an impetus to reflect critically on their profession. One opinion expressed in this Zeitgespräch is that the contested societal and political impact of modern economics is due to its restricted scientific self-concept. A more open, pluralistic and transdisciplinary self-definition of economics would strengthen its societal influence. Another contributor ponders the proper incentives to persuade academic economists to provide economic policy advice. Key is the independence of advisory institutions like the German Council of Economic Experts. The selection of people with the best scientific qualifications will ensure the reputation of such institutions. 相似文献
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Martina Kuntze 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2013,93(3):170-174
The author simulates the federal fi nancial equalisation system in Germany without Berlin with respect to the adjustment year 2011. The model assumes that the capital city is compensated by the distribution of value added tax (VAT). Hence winners as well as losers can be identifi ed at both stages of adjustment within the federal fi nancial equalisation system. The result clarifi es the position of Hesse and Bavaria, which intend to take legal action against the German federal fi nancial equalisation system. In particular these two German states should not push for the exclusion of Berlin in this context. Otherwise the scenario would lead to considerable losses for both states. 相似文献
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Anthropologische Grundlagen der Ethik - Moralischen überzeugungen liegen Auffassungen vom Menschen zugrunde, die der Kl?rung bedürfen. Wie wollen und sollen wir etwa mit Menschen an den Grenzen des Lebens, im Koma oder vor der Geburt umgehen? Sind sie noch oder schon als Person mit einem Anspruch auf Achtung ihrer Würde zu betrachten? 相似文献
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Christoph Scherrer Rolf J. Langhammer Jürgen Matthes Ingo Pies Peter Seele Sebastian Knebel 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2013,93(4):215-232
Workers in Asian factories producing for Western markets suffer under inhumane working conditions. Suicides at Chinese suppliers of computer manufacturers and a fire in a Bangladesh garment factory recently drew public attention to this problem. But would workers in developing countries really benefit from better working conditions and higher wages? It may be more likely that countries implementing these improvements would lose in global competition. Therefore, developing countries are limited in their ability to raise labour standards on their own. This competitive situation, however, is the very reason why labour rights have to be negotiated internationally. Existing voluntary international standards of the UN, ILO or OECD are useful but not sufficient, and trade sanctions in the WTO framework pose dangers of disguised protectionism. More promising but still imperfect avenues are Free Trade Agreements that could be used to enforce minimum ILO labour standards and transparent certifications, e.g. for fair trade products. 相似文献
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Thomas Lux Bernhard Breil Michael Dörries Daniel Gensorowsky Wolfgang Greiner Doris Pfeiffer Felix G. Rebitschek Gerd Gigerenzer Gert G. Wagner 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2017,97(10):687-703
The digital transformation of the healthcare branch is important and unstoppable. The enormous possibility of digitalisation to redesign and enhance processes has been shown in other branches. Digital technologies offer the similarly large potential to improve the quality and efficiency of healthcare services. However, in terms of digitalisation, the German health system lags behind other European countries. But given a lack of available evidence, the effects of the digitalisation of the healthcare system cannot be reliably evaluated. Digital access to patient data necessitates constructive error cultures in organisations in order to limit defensive medicine. And digital access to health information necessitates individual competence in searching and using this information for participatory decision-making. As with all technological progress, information security is very important in order to gain citizens’ confidence in a digital healthcare system. Thus, it is necessary to simultaneously pursue both enhanced privacy standards and state-of-the-art medical technology. 相似文献
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In Deutschland wird ein international überdurchschnittlicher Anteil des Bruttoinlandsprodukts für Gesundheitsleistungen aufgewendet. Gleichzeitig ist die Lebenserwartung der Deutschen im Vergleich der entwickelten L?nder allenfalls durchschnittlich. Aus dieser Diskrepanz wird oft der Schluss gezogen, das deutsche Gesundheitssystem sei ineffizient. Bei n?herer Analyse der zugrundeliegenden Daten erscheint diese Schlussfolgerung jedoch fragwürdig. 相似文献