西方零焦业发展特点与我国零售业营销创新

西方零售业发展到今天,具有新的零售业态不断涌现、突出规模效益、发展自有品牌、应用现代技术等特点,特别是注重零售业的市场营销创新,与此相反,我国零售业业态单一、效益低下、营销观念落后、营销手段陈旧,要使我国零售业在加入WTO后具有竞争力,零售企业必须从转变观念、发展新型零售业态、实行商业品牌创新、加强销售全过程服务入手,与顾客建立长期持久的营销关系,应用新技术加强零售业营销管理,使零售业在管理上向规范化、科技化发展。     

外资零售业发展趋势与我国零售业发展策略选择

随着我国加入WTO后零售业保护性过渡期的结束，外资零售企业可以不受地域、股权、门店数量的限制，全面进入我国零售市场；本土零售企业将面临着更为广泛的冲击与挑战。对此，应从我国零售业市场现状出发，比较分析中外零售业的差距，探讨外资零售企业的发展趋势及我国零售业发展策略。     

我国零售企业信息化建设问题探讨

实现零售业的信息化已成为我国零售业提升综合竞争力的必然选择，是实现管理创新的有效途径．是零售企业生存和发展的命脉关键。零售企业信息化是借助先进的信息技术构建起一个管理的信息平台．有效地开发和利用信息资碌．从而推动零售企业经营模式、管理理念、营销方式的根本变革．促进零售企业的现代化。     

对我国发展零售商自有品牌经营的思考

英国最大的食品零售商泰斯克集团的营销董事泰瑞·里奇认为,有两个因素对零售业发展产生深刻影响:一是零售方式的变化,主要表现在零售业态的不断进化;二是零售业自有品牌的发展。目前,这两个因素在我国发展极不平衡,前者获得较大发展,后者还在低水平徘徊。随着外资零售商抢滩中国,我国零售业的竞争压力越来越大,缺少自有品牌将不利于我国零售商的发展。因此,积极发展自有品牌,增强零售业竞争力显得尤为迫切。一、我国发展零售商自有品牌的必要性1.它是零售业和市场竞争发展到一定阶段的产物。传统的零售业采取“搬砖头”的经营方式和“零售…     

行业衰退周期中百货零售企业发展策略探索

我国百货零售业将在超级市场等实体强势零售业态和电子商务等网络零售业态的多重夹击之中步入衰退期，面临着严峻的生存与发展环境。本文认为：在一个已经成熟并将步入相对衰退的行业中，只有恰当地定位，确立合适的发展目标和战略，做大做强。才能求得生存，获得更好的发展，具体包括：综合运用各种筹资方式，多渠道筹措发展所需的资金；借助于直接投资和收购兼并之“双斧”从“纵横两向”开拓发展之路，做大百货零售业，从而实现与零售业同步繁荣的发展目标；通过重构经营模式，探索创新，不断提升效率，做强百货零售业。     

零售业引进外资存在的问题及对策

１９９２年７月，国务院批准在北京、上海、天津、广州、大连、青岛等六个城市和五个经济特区试办一至两家中外合资或合作经营的零售企业。截止到２０００年底，经中央政府批准的中外合资的零售业已有２８家，同时，经地方政府批准的中外合资零售企业共有２７７家，引进外资约２０亿美元。外资零售企业进入中国，不仅带来了先进的技术、雄厚的资金，也带来了先进的营销理念、营销策略和科学的管理方式，这将有利于扭转当前我国零售业整体技术水平落后、管理层次低、资金缺乏的局面，缩短我国零售企业与发达国家零售企业之间的差距。但是，在…     

零售业发展有五大良策

随着传统百货商店逐渐衰退,我国零售业新的业态开始起步并不断发展。在外资零售业的影响下,超级市场、专卖店、购物中心互相角逐,尤以连锁超市为最,已成为零售业中发展最快的业态。尽管我国零售业取得了巨大的成就,但是仍然有很多不尽人意的地方:营销观念落后;资金实力弱、规模小;技术手段落后,信息观念淡薄。加入WTO后,我国零售业要面对跨国零售集团更为有力的挑战。在我国加入WTO的新形势下,为了使我国零售企业在竞争中立于不败之地并求得最快发展,应采取以下五条对策。一、创新经营理念,转换经营机制,增强企业活力外资零售业为顾客提…     

数字创新生态下营销动态能力的构建与资源编排——基于零售新业态企业的双案例研究

零售业作为迭代创新最活跃的领域,在数字赋能与消费升级双重作用力驱动下,业态形式发生重大变革。以零售新业态代表企业——迪卡侬和盒马鲜生作为研究对象,在梳理营销动态能力发展脉络的基础上,重新定义数字创新生态下零售业营销动态能力的本质内涵,进一步提炼数字创新生态背景下营销动态能力的构成维度及要素,进而编排资源和配置市场,使得零售企业能在云谲波诡的环境中维持独特、持续和获取新的竞争优势,保持企业高效发展,实现价值共创。     

农村零售业的发展策略

随着农民收入的提高,农民的需求发生了很大的变化,农村零售业有了更大的发展。农村零售市场是零售企业营销中不容忽视的重要阵地,攻下这片阵地,争取更多的消费者,是零售企业扩大市场份额的有力保证。零售企业应结合农村市场的需求状况,采取多种措施满足广大农村消费者的需求。     

我国大型连锁超市营销策略浅谈

随着中国的对外开放,零售市场全面开放,外资企业在给中国的零售企业带来先进的管理经验的同时,也给中国零售业的发展带来了挑战.面对这样的局面,采取合理的营销策略对中国的大型连锁超市格外的重要.     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.