推进实物地质资料目录数据库建设工作的思考

实物地质资料目录数据库主要为用户提供实物资料信息数据源,帮助用户了解地质工作中产生的实物地质资料类型及数量、保管现状、获取方式等信息。当前实物地质资料目录数据库建设存在部分单位领导重视程度不够、实物地质资料基础设施建设不均衡、业务人员缺乏、业务工作资金不足、历史遗留问题负担重等问题。推进全国实物地质资料目录数据库建设工作的建议:(1)统筹三大地质资料协调发展;(2)强化工作认识,落实项目资金,部署实物地质资料目录数据库建设;(3)提升业务人员能力;(4)解决实物地质资料历史遗留问题;(5)及时发布实物地质资料目录数据信息。     

我国金矿床实物地质资料保管体系建设

金矿床实物地质资料保管实施应考虑到确定采集目的、制定金矿床目录的筛选条件、制定矿床内实物地质资料保管规范、实施实物地质资料采集等四个方面,其中制定金矿床目录筛选条件和矿床内实物地质资料保管规范是重点。金矿床目录筛选条件包括空间分布、矿床类型、矿床规模、成矿时代、找矿热点区。根据该筛选条件国家实物地质资料馆在全国范围内确定了30个代表性金矿床作为保管对象。实物地质资料包括实物(岩心、标本、光薄片及相关副样)及相关资料(与实物密切相关的成果资料、原始资料及影像资料等),其收集保管应具有系统化、规范化的特点,以使实物地质资料的价值最大限度地发挥。     

全国地质资料馆藏机构现状、问题与对策建议

通过分析研究我国地质资料馆藏机构隶属关系,人员、资金保障、馆藏资料,服务和集体开发等基本情况,发现地质资料馆藏机构尚存在管理体制不顺、人员少、日常经费短缺、馆藏地质资料信息资源不足,信息等服务平台建设滞后、集体开发无法满足需求等问题.为解决这些问题,应加快地质资料数据中心建设,积极推进地质资料服务集群化,提升服务能力,加大宣传力度.     

"三大中心"网络设计与实现

近几年,农发行核心业务和信息管理系统基本实现了数据大集中.数据的集中处理,使业务处理从传统的本地计算+本地存储模式转变为网络化处理模式,各营业网点通过覆盖全行的网络系统访问数据中心的服务接口,完成业务处理和信息交换.这种业务处理模式的改变使原本分散的IT风险集中到两个方面,一是数据中心的应用、计算及存储资源,二是营业网点与数据中心之间的网络系统.构建数据中心灾难备份系统和配套的智能网络通信平台,成为金融行业在数据大集中后的首要任务.     

地质资料信息化建设趋势、问题及对策

地质资料信息化建设发展趋势:数据资源趋向标准化;地质资料收、管、用业务趋向全流程信息化,库房管理趋于智能化;地质资料信息数据趋向一体化管理与服务;地质资料信息服务趋向网络化发展;地质资料信息服务日益趋向大众化、知识化;地质资料信息技术趋向数据应用工具开发和可视化分析。目前地质资料信息化建设中存在着地质资料信息化标准体系不完善,现有信息系统繁多、缺乏有效整合,地质资料网络服务能力较弱,数字地质资料馆刚刚起步,各馆藏机构之间的互联互通还未实现,公共服务信息产品开发严重滞后等问题。对策建议:(1)推进地质资料数据中心建设;(2)创新网络服务模式,推动地质资料信息公开共享;(3)加快地质资料信息服务集群化建设。     

土地征收目录制定原则研究

本文通过对土地征收目录制定的理论及制度基础的分析,结合我国现行城乡土地制度与征地实践,确定了土地征收目录制定应当遵循的三个原则,即"缩小征地范围原则"、"剥离非公益性用地原则"和"保障国家或地方重点基础设施建设所需用地原则",文章还对土地征收目录制定的其他相关问题,如土地征收的程序性规范、土地征收改革其他相关配套改革的必要性进行了初步分析。     

面向21世纪地质环境管理及地质灾害评价的信息技术(连载Ⅱ)

(三)地质可视化技术 野外勘察和量测获得的地质信息是一些离散的数据,面对这些地质信息,地质工程师必然提出这样的问题,如何运用这些资料来推断其在研究区内的发育分布规律.即使能够预测地质信息在区域的分布情况,面对大量的输出数据,地质人员仍然会难于想象和分析.图形、图像是最直观的数据解释,且地质人员又习惯于用图件来反映地质信息,自然会希望利用计算机来显示结构面等在地质体中的分布情况.因此,空间地质模型及可视化系统的研究和应用是工程地质和地质灾害勘察评价领域计算机应用的必然趋势.     

推进地质资料信息服务集群化和产业化的研究

地质资料信息服务集群化和产业化,是信息产品积聚挖掘与服务机制创新的过程;是推进地质资料信息服务集群化和产业化,提升地质资料信息服务规模和水平的重要举措.加快推进地质资料信息服务集群化和产业化的基本思路是实施地质资料信息服务"211"工程,即夯实"两个基础"、搭建"一个平台"、构建"一个机构".构建地质资料信息服务集群化和产业化的保障机制要做好以下工作:(1)创新以服务为导向的地质调查工作模式;(2)加强统筹规划;(3)形成投入保障;(4)加强人才队伍建设;(5)形成集群化、产业化的技术标准体系;(6)完善相关政策制度.     

地质科技奖励政策演变与地质科技成果产出的关系

地质科技奖励政策演变及地质科技成果产出的变化分为三个阶段:①起步时期(1949-1966);②徘徊时期(1966-1978);③改革发展时期(1978-现今).三个时期具有不同特点.地质科技奖励政策与地质科技成果产出的关系,呈现以下特征.①不同时期的地质科技奖励政策所起的作用有着明显的差异;②国家层面的科技奖励政策对科研成果产出作用巨大;③地质科技奖励政策的作用效果存在滞后性;④部门地质科技奖励政策作用有限;⑤地质科技奖励政策对地质科技成果产出类型有着不同的影响,"九五"与"十五"相比,受科技奖励政策的影响,发生了一些显著的变化,一是基础理论成果所占比例增大,二是软科学研究成果所占比例增大.建议建立三级奖励体系,完善奖励制度,注意影响的长远性.     

浅析地勘单位面临的形势及工作重点

随着<国务院关于加强地质工作的决定>的深入贯彻执行,我国地矿业逐步进入了一个繁荣期.新的形势为地勘单位开展地质勘查工作提供了良好的发展机遇.文章通过分析地矿业面临的新形势.结合部分省的实例.指出了今后一个时期地勘单位的发展思路及工作重点:一是积极争取政府资金项目,力争实现找矿新突破;二是加强矿业权的投入和开发工作:三是拉长产业链,树立"大地质"产业观念;四是要加强地质综合研究.重视人才培训工作.     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

土地学科的建设和发展——"土地学科发展规划研讨会"综述

中国土地科学学科发展已取得很大成就,表现为专业教育和人才培养成绩突出、初步形成学科体系、取得大批研究成果.而存在的问题主要是基础理论研究欠缺、独特的土地科学研究方法体系尚未形成、研究角度单一、学术交流质量不高和学科带头人的影响力不足.土地科学学科发展目前面临着巨大的机遇和挑战,应明确土地科学学科发展的基本思路、发展目标及2010-2020年的主要建设任务和保障措施.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Evaluating Alternative Policy Responses to Higher World Food Prices: The Case of Increasing Rice Prices in Madagascar

Higher world food prices have led many developing countries to adopt policies to mitigate the impact on low-income households. This article sets out a partial equilibrium framework to evaluate the efficiency, distributional, and revenue implications of alternative policy responses. The model is applied to evaluate tariff reductions and targeted transfers in Madagascar. Although lowering tariffs generates substantial efficiency gains, these accrue mainly to the top half of the welfare distribution, and poor net sellers are actually worse off. Developing a system of targeted direct transfers to poor households is likely to be a substantially more cost-effective approach to poverty alleviation.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

Transaction Cost Thresholds in International Rice Markets

Recent episodes of high and volatile prices for grains such as rice have raised concerns about their implications for hunger and poverty. We model price relationships between international rice prices and 221 domestic prices in 47 developing countries that import rice. We use a threshold vector error correction model that accounts for transaction costs of trade in spatial price transmission, and an improved regularised Bayesian threshold estimator for threshold models. Our results show that threshold values are higher after 2008 than before, which suggests that transaction costs in international rice trade have increased in recent years. Threshold values are highest for Latin American countries followed by African and Asian countries, and higher for retail than for wholesale prices. Since 2008, price transmission is slower in countries that responded to high and volatile prices with domestic market‐based interventions such as price controls and faster in countries that responded by lowering tariffs and by implementing production support measures.