基于DEA分析的河北省R&D资源配置效率地区差异研究

"科学技术是第一生产力",各国经济实力的竞争逐渐表现为科技实力的竞争,而科技实力的核心是R&D活动,R&D活动又依赖于R&D资源的支撑。因此合理配置R&D资源,对于提高区域科技实力,进而带动地区经济的增长起着重要的作用。为了对河北省各设区市R&D资源配置效率进行有效地测度,文章首先构建了一套评价R&D资源配置效率的指标体系。同时围绕该指标体系运用DEA分析法对河北省R&D资源配置的整体情况以及地区差异情况进行了评价。结果显示:河北省R&D资源配置的总体效率较差,各地区R&D资源配置效率的差异明显。最后,针对R&D资源配置相对无效的地区给出相应的调整对策。     

我国R&D资源配置效率区域差异的环境影响因素

采用DEA-Malmquist指数模型,测算了2000—2012年我国30个省区R&D资源的配置效率,并根据因子分析法阐释R&D资源配置效率的环境影响因素。结果发现,政府支持力度、经济发展水平、外商投资规模对我国R&D资源配置效率的提升具有重要的促进作用,是引起区域差异的主要原因;信息化水平和教育水平在一定程度上促进了R&D资源配置效率的提升,但影响较小;自然环境对R&D资源配置效率的影响最弱。     

基于DEA方法的甘肃省工业企业R&D投入效率研究

分析了甘肃省工业企业R&D投入产出情况,基于DEA(数据包络分析)的VRS模型,对2011年甘肃省各地区工业企业R&D投入效率进行了评价和聚类,找出各地区工业企业创新效率的差异,提出优化方向,并进一步分析了影响甘肃省工业企业R&D投入效率的因素,提出提高甘肃省工业企业R&D投入的建议。     

基于科学知识图谱分析的我国科技投入产出效率评价综述

结合科技投入产出效率评价内涵,应用科学知识图谱分析,对科技投入产出效率评价进行综述。以“科技投入”、“科技投入产出效率”、“科技资源配置效率”、“科技投入与经济增长”作为关键词,运用citespace软件,对2004—2015年我国发表的CSSCI检索文献进行科学知识图谱分析,系统梳理我国科技投入产出效率评价指标设计与评价模型构建的研究现状。并对我国科技投入产出效率评价现状进行评述,进一步指出现有研究存在的不足之处以及相应的改进方向。     

京津冀创新资源配置效率评价与提升研究

在资源日益稀缺的现代社会,创新资源具有永续性,是地区经济增长和可持续发展的核心要素。本文通过分析比较京津冀创新资源投入产出的配置情况,针对经济科技创新发展态势,运用包络线模型方法对京津冀创新资源配置进行有效性评估,找出区域内及区域间创新资源配置的差异,进而从创新资源投入和区域间创新合作两方面找出京津冀创新资源配置效率的提升途径。     

基于DEA模型的贵州区域科技投入产出效率研究

科技水平是经济发展的重要指标,科技的投入产出效率直接关系到科技的发展。以贵州2014-2016年的科技投入产出数据为样本,运用DEA方法对贵州各区域进行相对绩效评价。结果显示：贵州各市（州）科技投入产出综合效率、纯技术效率和规模效率均存在明显改善的趋势,其中综合效率DEA有效的决策单元占比从33.3%提高到了44.4%,但各市（州）之间的纯技术效率存在较大差异。贵州各区域应加强对科技资源的合理配置,注重基础研究,完善科技成果的转换机制。     

R&D投入与新产品产出——基于典型相关分析深圳数据实证研究

本文运用典型相关分析对2008年深圳市R&D投入和新产品产出之间的相关性进行实证研究,研究结果显示:R&D投入与新产品产出有高度的相关性,对R&D投入水平的影响从大到小依次为R&D人员、R&D活动项目、R&D经费支出,研究指标对新产品产出的代表程度从大到小依次为新产品产值、新产品销售收入、专利申请数。提高新产品产出的关键是改善企业的R&D人员结构,提高R&D人员的数量,在此基础上再增加科技经费的投入。     

区域R&D活动投入结构差异的比较研究

R&D活动是拥有自主知识产权的科技活动,其投入状况影响着区域科技创新的发展。科学、合理的R&D投入结构是提升区域科技创新的有效路径。本文以国家统计局公布的《第二次R&D资源清查主要数据公报》为依据,从R&D活动类型角度建立了R&D投入因子模型,根据因子得分将各省市的R&D投入分为高,中,低投入区,分析了不同的投入区里省市R&D活动在投入结构上的差异及利弊,并提出相关建议,为省市自治区科技创新投入的政策完善,缩小区域间科技创新活动的差距提供参考依据。     

区域协同创新与本地自主创新关系研究——区域开放创新的视角

利用2001-2012年中国省际科技面板数据,对协同创新和自主创新的创新产出弹性进行了实证分析。研究结果发现,地区R&D内部投入与利用区域外部资源的协同创新投入对于地区创新发展具有同等重要的地位。东部地区协同创新与本地自主创新之间表现为较强的互补关系,西部地区协同创新与本地自主创新之间表现为较强的替代关系,以本地技能要素为核心的吸收能力差异是导致东西部差异的主要原因。区域创新应更加关注"开放创新"策略。     

基于C~2GS~2模型的甘肃民营企业科技投入产出实证分析

文章以甘肃省具有代表性的10家民营企业为研究对象,运用C2GS2模型,对其科技投入产出状况进行了实证分析。研究发现,甘肃省民营企业总体科技资源的投入配置没有达到最优化,应提升科技投入产出规模效益,提高科技投入产出效率,使企业形成具有核心竞争力的技术资产。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

On the Major Transformation of the Asia-Pacific Regional Structure北大核心CSSCISSCI

Recent years have witnessedsignificant changes in the Asia-Pacific regionalstructure featuring the shift in power balance among related countries as well as adjust-ments in their respective regional strategies. So what is the prevailing trend in thistransformation and what kind of regional order will likely emerge in the future？ To an-swer these questions, the paper tries to explore the following dimensions： the evolvingregional context, shift in power balance and power conversion, geo-political and geo-e-conomic developments and interactions between them, and evolving regional order. Asthe study shows, the broadening of regional geographical scope, the rise in the numberof actors involved, as well as changesin the relations among them, have combined tocast a pluralistic and complex flavor to the regional structure. While the power balanceamong China, the United States and Japan shifts, and power conversion is also occur-ring. China and Japan are paying increasing attention to their security roles, whereasthe United States under the Obama administration laid more stress on expanding itsgeo-economic clout. In spite of the intensifying geopolitical competition among China,the United States and Japan in recent years, a Sino-US strategic compromise-whichholds the key to regional geopolitics-isother front, some kind of geo-economicmore likely to take place in the future. On thecooperation will probably emerge. In the longerterm, it will be the geo-economic trend thatwill prevail over the geopolitical trend inthe region. Finally, the future evolution of regional order wiI1 mainly follow the eco-nomic logic, accompanied by the dilutionof its hegemonic and hierarchical nature.Hence, a pluralistic and complex regional community will emerge.     

The German Hanse and Bergen – new perspectives on an old subject

Abstract

The Hanseatic League and her kontors (trading posts) were an integral part of the medieval trade system in Northern Europe. Hanse merchants dominated many markets in this region and managed to maintain a monopoly-like role in towns like Novgorod and Bergen for many centuries. Consequently, one focus of historical research about the Hanseatic League lay on the mechanisms that enabled the Hanse merchants to keep that strong of a position for such a long time.

This article is part of the discussion about this topic. Based on Lübeck merchants with business interest in the Norwegian town of Bergen, the so-called Bergenfahrers (Bergen travellers), it will give new insights into the Hansards' economical and social organization. The three main points are (a) the integration of the Bergen market in the Hanseatic trade network as an intermediary trading place on the vivid East–West route of Hanse trade; (b) the importance of the Bergenfahrers within the Hanse merchants' economical, social and political networks; and (c) the structure of the Bergenfahrers network patterns in the late Middle Ages.

In addition to new insights into the important role of Bergen and the Bergenfahrers within Lübeck's and the other Wendish Hanse towns' trading system, this articles provides further proof for the usefulness of the methods of Social Network Analysis in medieval economic research.     

Organization and incentives in the age of sail

The British Navy in the age of sail was the most successful bureaucracy of its time. Its organization and incentive structures differed importantly from contemporaneous private sailing ventures, but closely resembled those of today’s large corporations. To induce efficient effort, the navy used a hierarchical tournament, in which sailors competed for higher pay that came with promotions based on relative performance. Promotion probabilities, the option value of future promotions, and the higher effort required of men in higher ranks and on larger vessels, combined to yield a highly skewed pay structure.     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.     

以资本管理为核心的银行治理综合评价指标研究

商业银行的特殊性体现在风险性、外部性和多重治理目标上，尤其集中体现在风险管理的本质上。风险管理日益成为现代商业银行的主体活动和核心职能，资本管理成为现代商业银行风险管理的核心。在整合EVA和RAROC指标的基础上。文章构建了以资本管理为核心的银行治理的综合评价指标，以求真实反映银行经营的成果，有效衡量风险收益和风险成本的对比关系，从而反映以资本管理为核心的银行风险管理的过程、能力和效率。     

Financial Reporting and Trade Credit: Evidence from Mandatory IFRS Adoption*

We investigate the effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on trade credit. We document that firms in countries that adopt IFRS receive more trade credit from their suppliers, consistent with improved financial reporting quality and comparability playing a role in facilitating informal financing. This increase is larger for countries with a low level of societal trust, a poor pre‐IFRS‐adoption information environment, and stronger legal enforcement. These cross‐sectional results suggest that the conditions under which higher‐quality information is made publicly available affect suppliers' decisions to provide trade credit. This increase is also larger for firms with greater exposure to foreign markets, a finding that highlights the importance of more comparable international financial reporting standards in facilitating cross‐country trade credit. We also find that IFRS adoption has a stronger positive effect on trade credit for firms with greater liquidity needs. Finally, we find that firms in countries that adopt IFRS also extend more trade credit to their customers. Overall, our results support the notion that financial reporting can have a causal effect on trade credit.     

Markteintrittstiming von Telekommunikationsdiensteanbietern

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie analysiert für 87 Neuprodukteinführungen (NPE) und Auslandsmarkteintritte (AME) von Telekommunikations(TK)-Diensteanbietern in Deutschland, zu denen 42 Schlüsselinformanten in einer schriftlichen Befragung Auskunft gaben, (1) inwieweit deren zeitliche Eintrittspositionierung durch Marktcharakteristika und Unternehmensressourcen erkl?rbar ist sowie (2) inwieweit und gegebenenfalls unter welchen unternehmensexternen und -internen Situationsbedingungen deren Markteintrittstiming mit dem wahrgenommenen Eintrittserfolg assoziiert ist. Ein früher Markteintritt wurde dann realisiert, wenn die Wettbewerbsintensit?t im adressierten Gesch?ft niedrig und das Budget für den Expansionsschritt überdurchschnittlich ausfielen. Zwischen dem Markteintrittstiming und der Beurteilung des Eintrittserfolgs bestand ein nicht monotoner, umgekehrt U-f?rmiger Zusammenhang: Frühe Folger wiesen signifikant bessere Erfolgswerte auf als Pioniere und sp?te Folger, deren Erfolgsniveaus nicht signifikant divergierten. In einer Industrie, die durch starke externe Netzeffekte gepr?gt ist, fallen offenbar die Nachteile eines Markteintritts als Pionier oder sp?ter Folger st?rker ins Gewicht als die Vorteile dieser beiden zeitlichen Eintrittspositionierungen. Unabh?ngig vom Markteintrittstiming wurden NPE/AME von TK-Unternehmen als erfolgreicher eingestuft, wenn sie sich in einen Markt mit stark wachsender Nachfrage und aufeinander abgestimmt (re)agierenden Wettbewerbern mit qualitativ überdurchschnittlichen, abw?rtskompatiblen, erprobbaren und wenig erkl?rungsbedürftigen TK-Diensten engagierten.