中国结构性失业问题研究

近年来，随着中国经济发展和产业结构调整的加快．结构性失业逐渐成为中国失业问题的主要方面．引起了社会的普遍关注．研究结构性失业有助于更好地解决中国的失业问题。本文从三个角度分析中国结构性失业问题日益凸显的现状和原因．并有针对性地提出相应的政策建议。     

我国宏观经济运行中的失业问题刍议

我国宏观经济运行中的失业问题刍议●张文礼（西北师范大学政法系兰州，７３００７０）目前，我国失业问题比较突出。本文在对现有失业理论作出系统总结的基础上，分析我国当前失业的成因，并针对各种失业问题探讨医治失业的对策思路。一、几种主要的失业理论与失业对策失...     

马克思失业理论的现代解读

马克思的失业理论从本质上揭示了资本主义社会失业现象的原因.失业是商品经济发展的产物,与社会制度无关.我国在实行社会主义市场经济的过程中也面临着失业问题,所以马克思对资本主义社会失业问题的研究和理论对解决我国社会中存在的失业问题也有重要的启示和指导意义.     

西方失业理论对构建我国失业理论的启示

近几年来，失业问题在我国日益突出。1997、1998、2001年失业问题相继被列为我国国民关注的头号社会问题。解决我国严重的失业问题需要有新的理论思维，而我国的失业理论相对来说是“贫乏”的，这样，西方发达国家相对“成熟”的失业理论对构建我国的失业理论具有重要的借鉴意义。     

现阶段大学生结构性失业问题的政府治理

由于高等教育发展模式不适应经济体制改革与经济结构调整步伐,大学生结构性供需矛盾突出,结构性失业成为现阶段大学生失业的主要表现形式.在社会主义市场经济条件下,政府应该在解决大学生结构性失业问题中发挥重要的作用.文章从政策的支撑和法律的保障、劳动力市场的规范、高校就业信息平台的建立完善、失业保险制度的建立健全等方面探讨了政府对大学生结构性失业问题的治理.     

旅游行业中失业问题的经济学分析

当前严峻的就业压力形势下，人们更加关注吸纳社会就业能力极强的旅游行业中的失业问题。由于行业特性，旅游行业存在一定的季节性失业和周期性失业，但导致目前我国旅游经济低效率运行的原因还有严重的摩擦性失业。文章认为，解决上述问题的途径包括政府宏观调控以调整旅游行业劳动力供求，加强旅游企业制度创新和产品创新等。     

青年失业现象、原因及对策分析

在中国的下岗失业问题中出现了青年失业现象，而又有愈演愈烈之势。青年失业现象的特点、产生原因不同于其他人员的下岗问题，因而解决这类失业的对策也有别于解决其他人员下岗问题的对策。本文在介绍了解决青年失业问题的相关经验之后，提出了缓解我国青年失业现象的若干对策思考。     

中国失业问题解构

在当今中国,解决失业问题已经成为各级政府的紧迫任务。自上世纪90年代中期以来,我国的失业问题日益凸显,就业形势日趋严峻。中国的失业是总量型失业为主,结构性失业和摩擦性失业为辅,隐性失业日益显性化。     

控制失业人口措施的建议(二)

随着我省经济体制改革和产业调整的不断深化，失业问题成为影响经济发展和社会稳定的重要因素。笔者在2005年6期《辽宁经济》上，从经济发展、人口规模控制、城镇化建设等方面提出进行长期治理的建议，控制失业人口比例对社会的影响。本期则从完善社会就业保障机制上促进失业人口再就业，以缓解由于失业问题带来的社会矛盾，同时要加大对失业引发的社会问题进行有效预防和控制等方面进行探讨。从而为促进全省经济高速、有效、平稳增长，为打造平安辽宁、和谐辽宁进行有力支撑。     

咸阳市失业问题研究

在经济发展的过程中,失业现象总是会存在,但过高的失业率会带来一系列社会问题。咸阳市位于陕西省八百里秦川腹地,紧邻西安,经济发展具有一定的优势,但近几年失业问题也日趋严重。导致咸阳市失业人员迅速增长、失业压力大的原因既与我国的具体国情和近几年经济发展相关,也有咸阳市的失业管理体制因素。解决咸阳市的失业问题也要从发展经济和完善管理体制两个方面着手。     

Youth unemployment in Europe – business cycle and institutional effects

In the aftermath of the Great Recession 2008/2009 European youth unemployment rose sharply from below 4.2 m in 2007 to more than 5.6 m young people under 25 unemployed in the EU28 countries in 2013. The youth unemployment rate expanded from 15.5 in 2007 to 25.5 in 2013. Beyond the consequences for individuals youth unemployment as a mass phenomenon is potentially menacing the stability of democratic societies. Hence there are good reasons to fight youth unemployment by any means. The paper analyses the specific structure and causes of youth unemployment. Although youth unemployment is also influenced by individual factors like insufficient qualification, we show that country-specific factors - institutions, traditions and characteristic structures - are of high importance in explaining the huge disparities between European countries. Using panel data estimates with specific country and time fixed effects we show that especially the Mediterranean countries responded to the economic downturn in a specific way. However, the high correlation of changes in the youth and adult unemployment rates across countries points to the fact that not only structural factors but also business cycle effects are important for explaining the sharp increase in the youth unemployment rate in Europe. The rise in joblessness is in fact closely related to macroeconomic slackness. Therefore, we argue that a two-handed approach combining institutional improvements with growth stimulating measures is needed to overcome the problem.     

关于我国“知识失业”现象的经济学思考

知识失业在我国已经出现,且有逐年上升的趋势,对经济社会发展弊多利少。本文在介绍知识失业的定义、表现和类型的基础上,从经济学的角度出发重点阐述知识失业的成因和修正知识失业的对策。     

The black dropout rate and the black youth unemployment rate: A Granger-causal analysis

The high unemployment rate of black high school graduates can create the perception that a diploma is of little value and encourage dropping-out of school. Black youth who do drop out are less employable and further push up the black youth unemployment rate. This raises a question: Is the high dropout rate of black youth due to their high unemployment rate or is their high unemployment rate due to their high dropout rate? A study of this question using the definition of Granger-causality finds that it is the high unemployment rate which causes the high dropout rate rather than the opposite.     

我国是否存在失业回滞效应？——基于第一、二代面板单位根检验的实证分析

就业是民生之本,然而自上世纪九十年代以来我国失业率逐年攀升,日益严峻的失业问题已引起政策当局和学术界的广泛关注与高度重视。有鉴于此,本文在第一代面板单位根检验的基础上,结合最新发展的第二代面板单位根检验方法,对我国是否存在失业回滞效应展开深入研究,进而为我国促进就业的政策选择提供重要的参考依据。研究结果表明,我国存在着显著的失业回滞效应,这就使得经济周期波动等外部冲击对我国失业产生永久性影响,从而在很大程度上造就了我国失业率逐年攀升、高居不下的局面,现阶段政府实施干预性的宏观调控政策显得十分必要。在此基础上,本文对降低乃至消除失业回滞效应、完善我国治理失业的宏观调控机制提出了若干政策建议。     

失业与市场经济

自改革开放以来,伴随着市场经济体制改革的不断深化,我国出现了严重的失业问题。本文对我国失业形成的原因做了系统性的分析,并据此指出解决我国失业问题的对策。     

The Short-Run Relationship Between Sectoral Shifts and U.S. Labor Market Fluctuations

Monthly data for the aggregate U.S. economy are used to assess competing hypotheses concerning the relationship between sectoral employment shifts and fluctuations in the unemployment rate. It is shown that sectoral shifts are caused by major work stoppages, aggregate fluctuations unrelated to permanent sectoral shifts, a reallocation-timing effect, and allocative shocks at the sectoral level. Larger employment shifts are associated with higher unemployment during slow growth periods and lower unemployment during above-average growth periods. Models are presented which demonstrate that both aggregate and allocative shocks are causes of cyclical increases in unemployment.     

试析英国“青年新政”计划

青年人的失业问题一直是困扰世界各国的严重社会问题,英国政府自1998年后大力推行了旨在降低青年失业率、促进青年人就业的“青年新政”计划,不仅在就业领域取得了显著的成效,还对国民经济的发展起到了重要的推动作用,获得了较好的经济效益与社会效益。     

如何看待当前社会主义中国的失业问题

失业问题已经成为当代中国社会发展中无法回避的问题,对此问题的探讨无论从理论还是现实都有重要意义。本文首先对传统的马克思主义有关失业的理论进行了回顾,然后分析社会主义存在失业的原因。在此基础上结合中国实情,探讨了当前中国失业的主要原因,最后提出了解决失业问题的主要对策。     

Fluctuations in Unemployment and Industry Labor Markets

Throughout the 1990s, and particularly in the mid- to late-1990s, the Japanese employment situation went from bad to worse. We investigate the causes of rising unemployment in Japan, using data on individual workers from the “Special Survey of the Labor Force” between 1988 and 1999. This research focuses on the effect of labor market segmentation by industry on labor flows. Our findings reveal that unemployment in the construction industry and, more recently, in the service industry has contributed greatly to the national unemployment rate. We also find that most successful job transfers occur within the same industry, even though workers may experience some periods of unemployment. Finally, our results show that labor market conditions in each industry affect the probability that a worker will fall into unemployment as well as the probability that an unemployed worker will find new employment. These findings suggest that the Japanese labor market is segmented by industry and this segmentation contributed to the worsening unemployment in Japan. J. Japan. Int. Econ., December 2001, 15(4), pp. 437–464. Department of Economics, Dokkyo University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Soka-shi, Saitama 340-0042, Japan; Graduate School of Economics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan. © 2001 Elsevier Science (USA).Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: J63, J64.