会计师事务所规模、签字注册会计师任期与审计质量

本文以2004—2011年沪深两市所有发布所有年度报告重述公告的上市公司为研究对象,探讨会计师事务所规模、签字注册会计师任期与审计质量的关系。结果表明：大规模会计师事务所能够抑制签字注册会计师任期延长对审计独立性产生的负面影响;在小规模会计师事务所中,签字注册会计师任期对审计的独立性产生影响,审计质量随签字注册会计师任期的延长而下降。     

签字注册会计师任期、行业专长与审计质量

对审计任期与审计质量的关系,以往研究并未得出统一结论。理论上,专业胜任能力和独立性共同影响着审计任期与审计质量的关系,行业专长能够弥补专业胜任能力不足对审计质量产生的不利影响。从行业专长的视角对签字注册会计师任期和审计质量之间的关系进行回归分析发现,签字注册会计师任期与审计质量呈非线性的正U型关系(拐点≈3年)。进一步分析发现,在签字注册会计师任期较短(≤3年)时,行业专长有助于提高审计质量;但在签字注册会计师任期较长(>3年)时,行业专长对审计质量没有显著影响。研究结果表明,在签字注册会计师任期与审计质量的关系中,专业胜任能力发挥着比独立性威胁更重要的作用。     

签字注册会计师轮换对审计质量的影响

为了提高上市公司的审计质量,中国证监会要求上市公司年度报告签字注册会计师任期轮换的情况。注册会计师事务所对负责客户的签字注册会计师按照一定年限实行轮换,可分为自愿轮换和强制轮换。本文从签字注册会计师强制轮换的角度,探讨其对审计质量的影响。     

审计任期与盈余价值相关性——基于签字注册会计师任期的经验研究

本文以会计盈余价值相关性的高低作为审计质量的衡量指标,从签字注册会计师任期的角度具体考察审计任期与审计质量之间的关系.研究结果表明,注册会计师任期越长,审计质量越低,这为我国巳实施的签字注册会计师强制轮换政策的合理性提供了经验支持.     

会计师事务所合并、签字CPA任期与审计质量——来自2007—2012年沪深上市公司的初步证据

以2009年中国证券审计市场上会计师事务所合并案为例,选取与事务所合并相关的2007—2012年上市公司数据,对事务所合并、签字CPA任期与审计质量的关系进行实证研究,结果显示：会计师事务所合并后审计质量得到了显著提高,合并后未变更事务所的上市公司的签字CPA任期与审计质量正相关。这一结果表明事务所合并后的规模质量效应明显提升,事务所应充分考虑合并初期新任签字CPA的专业胜任能力和保持签字CPA的较长任期,这样更有利于审计质量的提升。     

会计师事务所类型、审计任期与审计质量相关性研究综述

目前关于会计师事务所类型和审计任期对审计质量影响的研究还存在较大争论,本文将对这两方面的文献进行梳理,并在我国具体制度背景下,从独立性和专业胜任能力两个维度分析两者的关系,提出我国会计师事务所未来发展的方向。     

会计师事务所类型、审计任期与审计质量相关性研究综述

目前关于会计师事务所类型和审计任期对审计质量影响的研究还存在较大争论,本文将对这两方面的文献进行梳理,并在我国具体制度背景下,从独立性和专业胜任能力两个维度分析两者的关系,提出我国会计师事务所未来发展的方向。     

签字注册会计师重新上任会影响审计质量吗? ——来自强制轮换签字注册会计师公司的经验证据

以2003—2017年沪深两市A股上市公司中发生签字注册会计师强制轮换的公司为研究样本,研究签字注册会计师强制轮换后重新上任对审计质量的影响以及事务所规模对此影响的调节作用,并考察这种调节作用在财务状况不同的上市公司间的差异。研究结果表明：签字注册会计师强制轮换后重新上任会降低审计质量;大规模会计师事务所能有效削弱签字注册会计师重新上任对审计质量的降低效应;相比财务状况较好的公司,事务所规模在财务状况较差公司中的调节作用更加显著。研究结论可以为完善签字注册会计师轮换制度以及加强对注册会计师行业的监管提供经验支持和价值参考。     

低质量审计是审计师个人特质导致的特例吗？——基于“污点”签字注册会计师的研究

在签字注册会计师层面研究低质量审计的发生原因时发现:审计失败被发现前,与同所未受罚签字注册会计师相比,受到证监会处罚的签字注册会计师的审计质量持续较低;部分受罚签字注册会计师因事务所合并而被动进入质量控制较好的环境中,其审计质量较合并前有显著改善。这说明在相同质量控制体系下,低质量审计是由审计师个人特质导致的特例;而良好的质量控制有助于抑制"污点"签字注册会计师个人特质对审计质量的不利影响。     

签字会计师个人执业经验如何影响审计质量？——来自中国证券市场的经验证据

执业经验作为注册会计师专业胜任能力的重要形成途径,是审计质量的决定因素。采用2010—2013年我国上市公司为样本,实证研究签字会计师个人执业经验如何影响审计质量。结果显示：（1）整体而言,签字会计师个人执业经验有助于提高审计质量,但这一“执业经验效应”主要依赖与被审计客户相关的“行业经验”,而不是“非行业经验”。（2）签字会计师个人“执业经验效应”与“审计任期效应”之间存在替代型交互作用。（3）进一步地,在“非大所”审计或新承接客户审计中,“执业经验效应”的发挥效率更高;此外,签字会计师通过事务所内部沟通获取的“间接经验”亦能弥补新客户初次审计中的经验不足,保障审计质量。     

The Empirical Research on Auditor Independence and Mandatory Auditor Rotation

Using, the method of correlation coefficient, this paper discusses the empirical relationship between audit tenure and audit opinion in annual reports in China A-share market and period of mandatory rotation of auditor. The research finds that the negative correlation between auditor tenure and non-standard unqualified audit opinion is statistically significant, and auditor tenure might impair his/her independence. To enhance auditor independence and improve audit quality, it is necessary to rotate mandatory auditor. The results also fred that consecutive auditing years should not exceed 5 years when the existing auditor has been the auditor of listed company, and mandatory rotation of auditor adapts to the rotation of CPA firms in charge of a client.     

Does an Auditor＇s Within-Industry Market Share Still Capture Auditor Industry Expertise in a Mandatory Audit Partner Rotation Regime？

Prior studies commonly use an auditor＇s market share in an industry as a proxy for auditor industry expertise and find that audit quality is positively related to an audit partner＇s within-industry market share in a voluntary audit partner rotation regime where the length of the client-partner relationship is not limited. Mandatory audit partner rotation, however, limits the length of the client-partner relationship and can artificially increase or decrease the market shares of incoming and departing partners, thus making the audit partner＇s within-industry market share an unreliable proxy for auditor industry expertise. Using a sample of banks in Taiwan, we find that audit quality is positively related to an audit partner＇s within-industry market share in the voluntary audit partner rotation regime. However, such a positive relation disappears in the mandatory audit partner rotation regime. Thus, we conclude that mandatory audit partner rotation decouples the link between an audit partner＇s within-industry market share and auditor industry expertise and caution researchers against using an audit partner＇s within-industry market share as a proxy for auditor industry expertise in a mandatory audit partner rotation regime.     

客户资源控制权与审计师轮换的治理效应

审计师轮换是构建注册会计师审计秩序化格局以防范会计欺诈的重要监管手段。我国资本市场以行政权力和关系网络为主导的治理模式影响了会计师事务所的产权结构安排和资源配置模式,出现了客户资源控制权个人化的现象,致使我国监管政策的微观运行基础与欧美国家存在重大差异,同时也阻碍了会计师事务所的内部治理,从而说明我国审计市场存在审计师轮换的客观需求基础。为此,将审计师的私人人力资本转化为会计师事务所的组织资本是提高审计师轮换质量效应的重要路径。     

试论审计独立性概念框架的构建

由于独立性关系到审计质量,关系到资本市场的效率,关系到注册会计师行业的生存。注册会计师的独立性问题是一直受到广泛关注的问题。各国及有关的国际组织都试图对独立性问题做出明确的规定。其中美国ISB及IFAC分别构建了独立性概念(原则)框架,对独立性问题作了较全面的规定。而我国对独立性问题的相关规定还很不系统,本文借鉴ISB及IFAC的相关规定阐述了独立性概念框架的主要内容,以期能够提供参考。     

审计师行业专长与审计质量关系研究——基于客户规模视角

目前,我国国内学术界对于基于不同客户规模的审计师行业专长与审计质量关系的研究还不多。以2002年至2009年中国舞弊上市公司为研究样本,通过多元回归分析发现:审计师行业专长可以显著提高审计质量;在大客户市场上,审计师行业专长对审计质量提高的作用受到很大的限制和削弱,这可能是由于审计师对大客户审计时难以保持应有的独立性所致。     

Quality of Financial Statements and Tenure of Statement-Related Personnel

This study investigates the association between quality of financial statements and tenure of statement-related personnel. First, we examined whether there is still a significant association between financial statement quality and the tenure of audit partners who are responsible for the quality assurance of financial statements after the implementation of mandatory audit partner rotation. We addressed this issue by using a sample of Taiwanese companies, with which no significant association between audit partner tenure and the magnitude of discretionary accruals （DA）, a common proxy for financial statement quality, was found. Second, we investigated whether an association exists between the financial statement quality and the tenure of management who is responsible for the preparation of financial statements. We also addressed this issue by using Taiwanese data and found a significant association between management tenure （MT） and the magnitude of DA. Our findings provide evidence that audit partner tenure would neither improve nor deteriorate the quality assurance of a financial statement, when there is a mandatory audit partner rotation after a fixed period of time. Whereas how MT affects financial statement quality after the enactment of the mandatory audit partner rotation is dependent on the management position. Increasing tenure of chief executive officer （CEO） and chief financial officer （CFO） will enhance and hinder financial statement quality respectively. In the end, we found a significant interaction of tenure between auditor and CFO. This result implies that the downward bias of CFO on the financial statement preparation can be mitigated by auditors with increasing tenure.     

Audit Partner Rotation,Audit Quality,and Dynamic Industry Structure

Previous research on the relationship between audit partner tenure and audit quality assumed that auditors conducted auditing works in a stable external environment where the corporate and management behavior was highly predictable. This study uses the joint tenure between audit partners and management to explain audit quality, because corporate directors would consider an appropriate adjustment in the management to deal with a dramatic change in the external environment. First, we examined whether there is a significant association between audit partner tenure and audit quality after the implementation of mandatory audit partner rotation by using the auditor tenure only. We addressed this issue by using a sample of Taiwanese companies and found no significant association between audit partner tenure and the magnitude of discretionary accruals （DA）, a common proxy for audit quality. Second, we tested the relationship between audit partner tenure and audit quality under the consideration of industry structure stability. The result exhibits a negative relation between audit partner tenure and audit quality under the control of industry structural stability which is measured by a proxy variable, the joint tenure between audit partner and management. Third, we investigated whether the association does exist between joint tenure of auditors and management and audit quality. We also addressed this issue by using Taiwanese data and found a significant association between the joint tenure of auditor and management and the magnitude of DA. Our findings provide evidence that the use of a mandatory rotation rule is an ineffective way to improve audit quality.     

自愿性审计师变更原因与投资者反应

本文选取2001￣2004年发生自愿性审计师变更的公司作为样本,采用事件研究法考察投资者对审计师变更公告中所披露不同变更原因的反应。研究发现,市场对于不同原因的审计师变更反应存在差异,投资者根据变更原因判定审计师变更为好消息的反应显著大于判定其为坏消息的反应。由此可知,投资者对于披露的变更原因信息具有一定的识别能力,不同类型的审计师变更会影响公司的价值。监管部门强制披露审计师变更原因有助于提高市场有效性。     

Auditor Switching and Investors＇ Reliance on Earnings： Evidence From Bursa Malaysia

This study provides some insights of investors＇ view on auditor independence focusing on auditor switching. Hence, the purpose of this study is to examine the effect of appointing a new auditor on investors＇ reliability on reported earnings in financial accounts. Analyses are based on a matched-pair sample of 162 listed companies in the Bursa Malaysia for the year 2011. The results of the ordinary least squares （OLS） regression show that earnings response coefficients for auditor switching companies are significantly higher than for non-auditor switching companies. The results provide support for the contention that investors place greater reliability on the financial accounts audited by newly appointed auditors. This finding is consistent with the Malaysian audit market where long audit tenure is a common practice and auditor switching is considered rare. Findings provide support for the long discussed issue of the importance of auditor rotation in maintaining auditor independence.