高等教育投入与黑龙江省老工业基地振兴

随着社会主义市场经济体制的确立和完善，我国高等教育投入逐步形成了以财政拨款为主、多渠道筹措教育经费为辅的体制，这种多元投入体制是由我国发展社会主义市场经济的客观要求所决定的。建立适合老工业基地振兴的高等教育投入体制是深化黑龙江省高等教育改革的一项重要任务。     

体制创新与高教改革

２０世纪８０年代中期开始的高等教育体制改革，已经取得了历史性的进展，为高等教育主动适应经济社会发展的需要创造了条件。进入２１世纪，高等教育体制改革将面临着更大的机遇和更加严峻的挑战，其中最重要的问题是在高等教育体制转轨的基础上着力推进制度建设和体制创新。从旧体制向新体制转变，必然要经历一个新体制的建设和完善的过程，需要更多方面的探索和试验。在过去多年的改革实践中，我们已经初步确定了新体制的目标模式和体制框架，而创新体制的基础是架构起政府宏观管理、市场适度调节、社会广泛参与、学校自主办学的新体制。…     

论国外高等教育收费制度及启示

全球高等教育大众化浪潮及高等教育成本的提高，使得教育经费投入不足成为发展高等教育的世界性难题，收费成为教育财政改革的必然。我国的高等教育自1989年实行收费以来也经历了巨大的发展变革。研究并借鉴国外高等教育收费的成功经验，对我国建立完善的高等教育收费体制具有重要的意义。     

努力适应两个根本性转变加快成人高等教育的改革和发展

努力适应两个根本性转变加快成人高等教育的改革和发展贺志强促进国民经济持续、快速、健康发展，关健是实行两个具有全局意义的根本性转变，一是从传统的计划经济体制向社会主义市场经济体制转变，二是经济增长方式从粗放型向集约型转变。实现这两个根本性的转变，不仅对...     

重庆发展高等教育的投融资对策研究

重庆直辖十年来，政府运用财政、金融、土地、税费等政策和价格杠杆、产权制度改革等手段，逐步建立和完善高等教育投融资体制，不断增加高等教育投入，促进了重庆地方高等教育快速发展，但仍然存在一些问题。本文在分析重庆市高校投融资现状的基础上，提出我市高等教育投融资模式以“城乡统筹”特区建设为契机进行改革的一些思路和对策。     

关于警察高等教育刨新发展的思考

中国警察高等教育创新具有历史的必然性和现实的紧迫性。本文认为，警察高等教育应从人才培养模式、教育思想观念、教育训练体制等三个维度创新，理顺管理工作体制，建立高效务实的现代警察高等教育机制，全面推进警察高等教育发展，为我国警察队伍建设和社会经济发展服务。     

关于我国高等教育行政管理体制创新的思考

要提高高等教育质量,必须进行高等教育创新。加快推进高等教育行政管理体制的改革与创新,已成为新形势下促进教育改革发展的重要关注点和着力点。我国的高等教育行政管理体制在观念认识、领导体制、组织机构、行为规范等方面还存在着一些缺陷。针对这些缺陷,本文认为可以从更新行政观念、调整政校关系、科学设计组织机构、加强行政法治等方面来改善。     

基于知识图谱的高等教育改革研究可视化分析

文章借助于CiteSpace绘制知识图谱,把握高等教育改革研究的概貌、发展脉络和演变轨迹。研究结果表明,高等教育改革伴随着社会主义市场经济体制改革进入研究者视野,研究主题聚焦于高等教育改革的背景阐释、出场语境、问题表征、运行逻辑、路径研究、不同类型院校的改革研究以及国外高等教育改革经验借鉴等方面;高等教育改革研究经历了快速跃升、波浪式推进、内涵式转型等阶段;研究内容注重与国家战略和时代背景紧密贴合,且研究视角趋向学科多样化。     

大学去行政化的改革策略

为何现如今的高等教育没办法培养出冒尖的人才，钱学森先生的疑问也促使我们从事高等教育事业的人不断反思和探索，最后的矛头指向了高等教育的行政化，要发展高等教育、培养杰出人才就必须从大学去行政化做起。本文从政府与高校的关系、高校内部行政管理改革两个方面提出了一系列改革措施，试图为大学去行政化的道路进行探索，     

基于生态学视角的高等教育可持续发展研究

在当前大众化阶段高等教育改革过程中,急剧快速发展使得高等教育规模超出高等教育生态系统承载力范围而破坏系统的生态平衡。运用生态学的思维方法研究陕西省高等教育的发展现状,发现当前高等教育的规模和结构与陕西经济社会发展不相协调,为了更好实现高等教育的生态平衡,需要政府、社会、高校三方面共同作用,构建与社会主义市场经济体制相适应的良性运行机制,才能更好地实现高等教育的生态平衡进而达到可持续发展。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

On the Major Transformation of the Asia-Pacific Regional Structure北大核心CSSCISSCI

Recent years have witnessedsignificant changes in the Asia-Pacific regionalstructure featuring the shift in power balance among related countries as well as adjust-ments in their respective regional strategies. So what is the prevailing trend in thistransformation and what kind of regional order will likely emerge in the future？ To an-swer these questions, the paper tries to explore the following dimensions： the evolvingregional context, shift in power balance and power conversion, geo-political and geo-e-conomic developments and interactions between them, and evolving regional order. Asthe study shows, the broadening of regional geographical scope, the rise in the numberof actors involved, as well as changesin the relations among them, have combined tocast a pluralistic and complex flavor to the regional structure. While the power balanceamong China, the United States and Japan shifts, and power conversion is also occur-ring. China and Japan are paying increasing attention to their security roles, whereasthe United States under the Obama administration laid more stress on expanding itsgeo-economic clout. In spite of the intensifying geopolitical competition among China,the United States and Japan in recent years, a Sino-US strategic compromise-whichholds the key to regional geopolitics-isother front, some kind of geo-economicmore likely to take place in the future. On thecooperation will probably emerge. In the longerterm, it will be the geo-economic trend thatwill prevail over the geopolitical trend inthe region. Finally, the future evolution of regional order wiI1 mainly follow the eco-nomic logic, accompanied by the dilutionof its hegemonic and hierarchical nature.Hence, a pluralistic and complex regional community will emerge.     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.     

以资本管理为核心的银行治理综合评价指标研究

商业银行的特殊性体现在风险性、外部性和多重治理目标上，尤其集中体现在风险管理的本质上。风险管理日益成为现代商业银行的主体活动和核心职能，资本管理成为现代商业银行风险管理的核心。在整合EVA和RAROC指标的基础上。文章构建了以资本管理为核心的银行治理的综合评价指标，以求真实反映银行经营的成果，有效衡量风险收益和风险成本的对比关系，从而反映以资本管理为核心的银行风险管理的过程、能力和效率。     

Organization and incentives in the age of sail

The British Navy in the age of sail was the most successful bureaucracy of its time. Its organization and incentive structures differed importantly from contemporaneous private sailing ventures, but closely resembled those of today’s large corporations. To induce efficient effort, the navy used a hierarchical tournament, in which sailors competed for higher pay that came with promotions based on relative performance. Promotion probabilities, the option value of future promotions, and the higher effort required of men in higher ranks and on larger vessels, combined to yield a highly skewed pay structure.     

The German Hanse and Bergen – new perspectives on an old subject

Abstract

The Hanseatic League and her kontors (trading posts) were an integral part of the medieval trade system in Northern Europe. Hanse merchants dominated many markets in this region and managed to maintain a monopoly-like role in towns like Novgorod and Bergen for many centuries. Consequently, one focus of historical research about the Hanseatic League lay on the mechanisms that enabled the Hanse merchants to keep that strong of a position for such a long time.

This article is part of the discussion about this topic. Based on Lübeck merchants with business interest in the Norwegian town of Bergen, the so-called Bergenfahrers (Bergen travellers), it will give new insights into the Hansards' economical and social organization. The three main points are (a) the integration of the Bergen market in the Hanseatic trade network as an intermediary trading place on the vivid East–West route of Hanse trade; (b) the importance of the Bergenfahrers within the Hanse merchants' economical, social and political networks; and (c) the structure of the Bergenfahrers network patterns in the late Middle Ages.

In addition to new insights into the important role of Bergen and the Bergenfahrers within Lübeck's and the other Wendish Hanse towns' trading system, this articles provides further proof for the usefulness of the methods of Social Network Analysis in medieval economic research.     

Markteintrittstiming von Telekommunikationsdiensteanbietern

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie analysiert für 87 Neuprodukteinführungen (NPE) und Auslandsmarkteintritte (AME) von Telekommunikations(TK)-Diensteanbietern in Deutschland, zu denen 42 Schlüsselinformanten in einer schriftlichen Befragung Auskunft gaben, (1) inwieweit deren zeitliche Eintrittspositionierung durch Marktcharakteristika und Unternehmensressourcen erkl?rbar ist sowie (2) inwieweit und gegebenenfalls unter welchen unternehmensexternen und -internen Situationsbedingungen deren Markteintrittstiming mit dem wahrgenommenen Eintrittserfolg assoziiert ist. Ein früher Markteintritt wurde dann realisiert, wenn die Wettbewerbsintensit?t im adressierten Gesch?ft niedrig und das Budget für den Expansionsschritt überdurchschnittlich ausfielen. Zwischen dem Markteintrittstiming und der Beurteilung des Eintrittserfolgs bestand ein nicht monotoner, umgekehrt U-f?rmiger Zusammenhang: Frühe Folger wiesen signifikant bessere Erfolgswerte auf als Pioniere und sp?te Folger, deren Erfolgsniveaus nicht signifikant divergierten. In einer Industrie, die durch starke externe Netzeffekte gepr?gt ist, fallen offenbar die Nachteile eines Markteintritts als Pionier oder sp?ter Folger st?rker ins Gewicht als die Vorteile dieser beiden zeitlichen Eintrittspositionierungen. Unabh?ngig vom Markteintrittstiming wurden NPE/AME von TK-Unternehmen als erfolgreicher eingestuft, wenn sie sich in einen Markt mit stark wachsender Nachfrage und aufeinander abgestimmt (re)agierenden Wettbewerbern mit qualitativ überdurchschnittlichen, abw?rtskompatiblen, erprobbaren und wenig erkl?rungsbedürftigen TK-Diensten engagierten.      

Financial Reporting and Trade Credit: Evidence from Mandatory IFRS Adoption*

We investigate the effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on trade credit. We document that firms in countries that adopt IFRS receive more trade credit from their suppliers, consistent with improved financial reporting quality and comparability playing a role in facilitating informal financing. This increase is larger for countries with a low level of societal trust, a poor pre‐IFRS‐adoption information environment, and stronger legal enforcement. These cross‐sectional results suggest that the conditions under which higher‐quality information is made publicly available affect suppliers' decisions to provide trade credit. This increase is also larger for firms with greater exposure to foreign markets, a finding that highlights the importance of more comparable international financial reporting standards in facilitating cross‐country trade credit. We also find that IFRS adoption has a stronger positive effect on trade credit for firms with greater liquidity needs. Finally, we find that firms in countries that adopt IFRS also extend more trade credit to their customers. Overall, our results support the notion that financial reporting can have a causal effect on trade credit.