A theory of the temporary organization

The idea of the firm as an eternal entity possibly came in with the era of industrialism. In any case, the practical consequences of this idea contrast sharply with many ideas about projects and temporary organizations. Mainstream organization theory is based upon the assumption that organizations are or should be permanent; theories on temporary organizational settings (e.g., projects) are much less prevalent. In this article, we address the need for a theory of temporary organizations, thus seeking to supplement traditional project management wisdom. We also suggest some components of such a theory by elaborating on certain ideas about projects. “Action”, as opposed to “decision”, is one such component which is central to a theory of the temporary organization. In some respects we are thus dealing with antipoles, in other respects with concepts similar to those in established mainstream organizational theory. The role of “time” in the firm is different as compared to its role in the temporary organization. The differences have several important implications and we are able to suggest a coherent outline of a theory which we believe could be useful and which also covers several important aspects of temporary organizations.     

企业社会责任报告评价体系的初步研究

目前国外对企业社会责任报告的评价模式有两个理论基础:利益相关者理论和可持续发展理论。前者着眼于企业的不同利益相关者对信息的需求,从外部对企业的社会责任报告进行评价;后者则着眼于企业战略,从企业可持续发展的角度评价企业社会责任报告,是从内部进行评价的模式。与此对应的具有代表性的两个国际标准是AA1000与G3。对比分析发现,这两种模式和两个标准各自都存在着优缺点。结合我国的实际状况,我们构建了企业社会责任报告的3R评价体系。该体系的建立将有助于我国企业社会责任报告准则的建立,并为企业社会责任信息质量的实证研究提供可行的框架。     

论会计理论丛林与丛林困境

理论的意义在于解释、预测和指导实践,现代会计理论百年来枝繁叶茂却又迷乱重重,正本清源迫在眉睫。文章总结和梳理了会计理论丛林以及与之并存的会计理论乱象,辨析了乱象的成因,指出摒弃人为纷争回归基本理论才能走出丛林困境。     

需要层次理论与ERG理论的比较研究

需要层次理论与ERG理论是两种重要的和普遍使用的动机理论,对这两种动机理论进行比较研究的目的是为了更清晰地认识这两种动机理论。     

激励理论视野下的烟草公司员工激励体系建设策略探讨

员工激励体系建设需要理论指导,文章基于公平理论、双因素理论、需要层次理论、期望理论等激励理论基础上,对烟草公司员工激励体系建设进行了研究,提出了建设策略。     

基于分形理论谈安徽沿江环湖城市群的建立

简要介绍了分形理论的原理,运用分形理论,借助于罗特卡公式分析安徽省城市体系规模分布的分形特征,发现安徽省城市体系规模分布符合位序—规模率,存在城市体系规模分布过于均衡及首位城市、大城市规模过小的问题。提出建立安徽省沿江环湖城市群规模体系的发展对策。     

机制设计中的履约理论研究综述

显示原理和履约理论是机制设计理论中的两大基石。履约理论把社会选择规则和博弈论联系起来，确保计划者预设的社会目标可以实现。马斯金首先提出了纳什履约理论的充分必要条件，即马斯金单调性和无否决权，随后其他学者提出了其它均衡策略的履约条件。文章论述了履约理论的产生背景和过程，分析了完全信息和不完全信息两种情形下不同的均衡策略履约条件及其精炼，并讨论了履约理论的局限性和未来的研究方向。     

Natural Law and the Roman Catholic Tradition: The Importance of Philosophical Realism

The intellectual tradition of Roman Catholicism considers natural‐law theory as providing the philosophical machinery for articulating concepts central to thinking about moral theory, legal theory, and the social order. The thrust of this essay is to explicate the positions rooted in the writings of Aquinas on natural‐law theory, a theory with which a Georgist might find some stimulating similarities. Conditions necessary for natural‐law moral and legal theory are considered through an analysis of the central metaphysical concepts together with their historical development and contemporary significance.     

Factional Conflict Through the Generations

There are some kinds of violent conflicts between factions in which one generation of belligerents trains a successive generation to continue and/ or enlarge the scale of conflict in an arena where the hostilities are internecine A model is developed of the devolution of internecine conflict using the lexicon of game theory and the simple mathematics of probability Assumptions pertaining to the behavior and attitudes of factions are transcribed into mathematics to formulate a theory of conflict resolution The theory is general enough to be applied to the struggles in the Middle East as well as to warfare among youth gangs The chief proposition to emerge from the analysis demonstrates how the statistical incidence of aggressive and peaceable factions varies over time The time path has the characteristics of a stochastic process with estimable parameters     

具有中国特色的企业创新文化与创新绩效——基于青岛港的案例分析

本案例研究以内部激励理论、社会交换理论以及中国文化特色为分析框架,通过对青岛港的案例研究,探讨和分析创新型企业文化对员工创新绩效的影响路径。本文详细考察了青岛港的创新模式,从业务流程创新、领导方式创新、学习型组织创建和激励机制等方面总结创新型企业文化的内涵。之后,以社会交换理论和内部激励理论对创新型企业文化的影响路径进行分析,得出与社会交换理论相联系的组织信任感、授权感,以及与内部激励相联系的选择感、胜任感、意义感和进步感等共同促进了个人和组织的创新绩效提升的结论。中国传统文化中的领导垂范、集体主义与人际和谐的特色,促进了企业内部知识共享、创新绩效提升,也推动了企业凝聚力与整体绩效的提高。     

长尾理论在网络教育中的应用

长尾理论是网络时代兴起的一种新理论,指那些原来销量小,种类多的产品或服务由于总量巨大,累积起来的总收益超过主流产品的现象。将长尾理论引入网络教育,可以解决教育中人才多样化,学生分布广而无法集中的问题;同时分析了长尾理论在教育中的应用前景,利用网络信息技术和其边际成本为零的特性可以改善目前"批量教育"所产生的问题,真正实现孔子提出的"因材施教",低成本实现人才多样化、个性化教育。     

现代会计理论体系的起点理论评述

现代会计理论体系的起点理论,又称现代会计理论体系的逻辑起点理论,是指构成现代会计理论体系的出发点,是该学科理论体系赖以推理论证的最本源性的抽象范畴,它不仅是构成理论体系的组成部分,而且亦是对该学科理论体系的构成具有决定作用的前提理论。现代会计理论体系的逻辑起点理论是会计界在现代会计理论体系问题上讨论最多、争议比较大的热点和难点,存在诸多不同的观点。本文对此进行综合评述准确地说,作为一门实用性很强的分支学科,选择会计目标为逻辑起点比较合适,可以体现该学科的实用性。     

The micro foundations of the corporate economy

This paper challenges the orthodox microeconomic theory of the firm which is being gradually replaced as the consensus view by managerialist, behaviourist, institutionalist and post-Keynesian schools of thought. From this new microeconomics is emerging a synthesis which is providing the foundations for a theory of the ‘megacorp’. Megacorps have behaviour patterns at odds with those of the atomistic firm. Unless this is understood and an appropriate theory developed, attempts to manage the economy by traditional means are doomed to failure. The paper lays the foundations of such a theory at both the micro and macro levels.     

用创新性思维改进高校思想政治理论课教学工作

高校思想政治理论课,承担着对大学生进行系统的马克思主义理论教育的任务,是对大学生进行思想政治教育的主渠道,是帮助大学生树立正确世界观、人生观和价值观的重要途径。要提高高校思想政治理论课教学的针对性、实效性和吸引力、感染力,就必须适应形势要求,积极进行创新,以发展的马克思主义建设高校思想政治理论课的课程体系,用创新性思维改革高校思想政治理论课教学工作。     

论英语课堂教学中的教师言语行为与话语策略

英语课堂教学是一个实践性、艺术性很强的工作。英语教师的英语课堂教学言语行为及其话语形式是保证课堂教学质量的重要一环。本文在简要介绍"言语行为理论、对话理论、交往行为理论"的同时,从英语课堂教学言语行为的话语过程出发,着重讨论了英语课堂话语特征和教学言语行为的话语结构模式并提出了作者关于英语课堂教师教学言语行为的话语策略。     

分工、整合与企业战略研究

新经济环境下,分工理论不断演化,基于分工的整合理论研究也获得了较大的发展,并逐渐引起管理学界和企业界重视。以经济学观点探讨了分工理论的基本演进过程,重点讨论了企业整合、市场整合、中间型组织整合等三种整合方式;最后论证了企业选择整合方式的基本原则。     

规划理论二分法中的本体理论和程序理论

规划的本体理论与程序理论是规划理论二分法中最为显著的一组二元对立.首先界定了规划本体与规划程序之间的差异,然后通过辨析三组规划理论,即规划中的理论与规划的理论、系统理论与理性理论、导向型理论与交往型理论,深入探讨了规划的本体理论与程序理论之间的联系与区别,以及它们对规划方法和实践的影响.     

Metaphor and the Dynamics of Knowledge in Organization Theory: A Case Study of the Organizational Identity Metaphor*

abstract Despite the increased salience of metaphor in organization theory, there is still very little conceptual machinery for capturing and explaining how metaphor creates and/or reorders knowledge within organization theory. Moreover, prior work on metaphor has insufficiently accounted for the context of interpreting a metaphor. Many metaphors in organization theory, including the ‘organizational identity’ metaphor, have often been treated in singular and monolithic terms; seen to offer a similar or largely synonymous interpretation to theorists and researchers working along the entire spectrum of disciplines (e.g. organizational behaviour, organizational psychology) in organization theory. We argue in this paper that contextual variation however exists in the interpretation of metaphors in organization theory. This argument is developed by proposing and elaborating on a so‐called image‐schematic model of metaphor, which suggests that the image‐schemata (abstract imaginative structures) that are triggered by the metaphorical comparison of concepts may vary among individuals. Accordingly, once different schemata are triggered the completion and interpretation of a metaphor may equally vary among different individuals or, indeed, research communities. These points associated with the image‐schematic model of metaphor are illustrated with a case study of the ‘organizational identity’ metaphor. The case study shows that this particular metaphor has spiralled out into different research communities and has been comprehended in very different ways as different communities work from very different conceptions, or image‐schemata, of ‘organization’ and ‘identity’, and use different theoretical frameworks and constructs as a result. The implications of the image‐schematic view of metaphor for knowledge development and theoretical progress in organization theory are discussed.     

Provincializing Critical Urban Theory: Extending the Ecosystem of Possibilities

Advocating a provincialization of critical urban theory, we seek to move beyond current polarizations and disputes over the basis of urban theory, creating space to take seriously the possibility that no single theory suffices to account for the variegated nature of urbanization and cities across the world. Such provincialization requires a serious engagement with both mainstream and critical Anglophone urban theory, challenging the seeming naturalness of knowledge claims through rigorous theoretical and empirical scrutiny from the standpoint of peripheral perspectives located outside the core. This entails recognizing the existence of a shifting ecosystem of critical urban theories, putting these into even‐handed critical conversation with one another. The collective resilience of urban theory will be dependent upon ongoing engagement across such diversity. At the heart of such an ecosystem are shifts in practice, seeking a new comparative analytic that destabilizes the universalism of the dominant norm, against which all other exemplars are to be compared, with the imperative of taking the field seriously.     

Labor supply over the life cycle: the long-term forecasting problem

Problems concerning the development of long-term forecasts of age variations in the labor supply are discussed. The author examines problems related to using the life cycle theory of labor supply to analyze such variations. An alternative theory, which suggests that the labor supply of younger and older groups is influenced by subsidies from prime-aged groups, is proposed and tested using U.S. data for the last 60 years.