社会互动与投资选择

个体的投资选择是否受到社会互动的影响?社会互动的作用机制是什么?采用2005年中国12城市投资者行为调查数据,本文发现,总体而言,社会互动推动了个体当前和未来期望对银行存款、外汇、股票、债券、期货、基金、借出、做生意、保险金、收藏品、房地产、理财产品、彩票等投资项目的参与。社会互动的积极作用主要是通过个体遵循参考群体成员的投资选择所体现的社会规范来实现的。此外,内生互动带来的感受交流和信息获得分别推动了个体当前对保险金和未来期望对债券的投资,而情景互动降低了个体未来参与股市的期望。     

大众传媒、社会互动与商业养老保险购买

使用CGSS2015数据，实证分析了大众传媒和社会互动两种信息渠道对商业养老保险购买的影响。研究发现：(1)作为信息获取的正式渠道，大众传媒信息渠道使得居民可以获取专业、精准和全面的保险信息，从而推动居民购买保险；(2)作为信息获取的非正式渠道，通过社会互动信息渠道可以获取显性和隐性保险信息，也有助于推动居民购买保险；(3)社会互动扩大了周围人群对居民购买保险的影响，购买率高的社区通过社会互动更大程度上提升了居民的购买行为；(4)大众传媒和社会互动对居民保险购买的影响没有不存在城乡差异。为提升居民商业养老保险购买率，有关部门需要注重大众传媒和社会互动两种渠道作用的发挥。     

关系、股市参与和股市回报

基于中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)2011年的调查数据,本文研究了"关系"对股票市场的参与、参与程度和回报的影响。利用构建的多维关系指标,本文发现关系可以显著地促进家庭参与股市,并且可以显著地提高股市参与的程度。具体而言,关系指标每增大1%,家庭参与股市的概率增大约0.2%,参与股市的程度增大约0.7%。但是关系对股市回报没有显著的影响。特别地,本文发现关系可以通过信息渠道和社会互动影响家庭的股市参与行为。     

股市投资功能与居民金融资产多元化发展

在中国金融深化和市场化进程中,有许多因素会影响到居民金融资产多元化进程,但深入研究股市的投资功能将更具重要的理论意义和现实意义。本文认为,证券资产持有不足是目前中国居民金融资产多元化进程中存在的主要问题；从表层看,中国居民不愿长期持有股票是由股市在过去年份的异常波动和近几年的持续低迷造成的；从深层次看,导致股市异常波动的重要原因之一是中国股市的投资功能较弱；因此,改善中国股市的投资功能将是推动中国居民金融资产多元化进程的关键。     

住房价格与居民风险偏好

基于全国范围的调查数据和省级层面数据,本文实证分析了住房价格对居民风险偏好的影响,发现房价水平和房价上涨都显著提高居民的风险偏好。具体而言,在房价水平高、房价增幅大的地区,居民的主观风险偏好态度和客观风险偏好行为显著提高;当居民没有住房贷款、对房屋具有完全产权时,房价对居民的风险偏好影响更强;居民健康状况和拥有房屋数量对房价与居民风险偏好关系的调节效应相对较弱;区域性住房价格与居民股市参与度的关系,也进一步表明住房价格能显著提高居民的风险偏好。     

政务短视频推动公众参与社会治理现状及优化探究

政务短视频的出现极大释放了公众表达诉求的权利,并从多元化应用场景的校准、个性化诉求的引导以及政民双向互动机制等方面来推动公众通过政务短视频参与社会治理。与此同时,政务短视频在推动公众参与社会治理时,也面临着应用场景失准、个性表达失控、政民互动失信等问题。因此,探寻政务短视频推动公众参与社会治理的实现机制刻不容缓。     

浅析城市社区建设中的居民参与现状

社区居民参与社区公共事务的一种有效栽体就是社区社会组织.十七大报告明确提出要"加强社会组织建设与管理",要"发挥社会组织在扩大群众参与、反映群众诉求方面的积极作用,增强社会自治功能."利用社区资源,依靠社区力量,都离不开社区成员的参与,没有社区居民、社区内各个组织及驻社区单位的广泛参与,就不可能形成社区力量,资源也无从谈起,社区建设就难以为继.     

小组工作介入城市社区居民参与问题研究——以沈阳市D社区为例

推动城市社区居民积极参与社区事务是社区治理取得成效的关键。目前我国对城市社区居民参与问题的研究大多从加强政策制度、参与激励机制等外部动力着手,忽略了居民参与内生动力的挖掘。以沈阳市D社区为研究对象,从社会工作专业角度出发,运用小组工作的专业方法提升居民参与意识、搭建居民参与平台、增强居民参与能力。通过小组介入成效评估发现,小组工作在改善居民参与意识不高、参与平台建设迟滞、参与能力不足等问题中取得了显著成效。     

旅游地社会责任对居民生活质量的影响机制

基于社会交换理论和利益相关者理论,构建了旅游地社会责任、旅游影响(积极影响和消极影响)、社区满意度和居民生活质量关系模型。通过对凤凰古城居民调查获取基础数据对理论模型进行实证检验,发现旅游地社会责任主要通过三条路径对居民生活质量产生影响:(1)旅游地社会责任→旅游积极影响→居民生活质量;(2)旅游地社会责任→社区满意度→居民生活质量;(3)旅游地社会责任→旅游积极影响→社区满意度→居民生活质量。此外,旅游地社会责任对旅游消极影响和居民生活质量没有直接影响,同时,旅游消极影响对对社区满意度有直接影响,而对居民生活质量没有直接影响。     

论信息产业的互动发展

本文分析了信息产业互动发展的背景,探讨了信息产业互动发展的内容及意义,并提出了促进信息产业互动发展的思路,认为需要政府创造良好环境,企业为主体积极推进,中介组织发挥参与协调职能,共同推动。     

Does religious faith affect household financial market participation? Evidence from China

Based on the 2013 China Household Finance Survey data, this paper investigates the impact of religious faith on household financial market participation and portfolio choice. The results show that religious faith can significantly promote household financial market participation. Besides, religious faith can increase the proportion of risky assets held by households, including equities. We also find that the need for social interaction and human capital accumulation can significantly induce religious residents to participate in financial markets and hold risky assets. Overall, our results reveal how faith affects household finance activities in China.     

Education,labor-force participation,and fertility in the USSR

The effect of education on Soviet fertility and female labor participation is analyzed in terms of the neoclassical theory of the household. The hypotheses are tested by multivariate analysis of Soviet census data. The main findings are that the effect of education on urban fertility is opposite that in the West; in the USSR female education has a predominantly positive effect and male education a negative effect. Rural fertility is dominated by strong interaction between male and female education. A substantial portion of the total effect of education on fertility operates indirectly, through female labor participation. The results imply a backward-bending female labor-supply curve.     

Household investment decisions and offspring gender: parental accounting

Numerous behavioural factors have been identified as having an impact on household stockholding decisions. Given there is both theoretical and empirical evidence to support the premise that offspring gender can influence specific types of parental preferences, I test the theory that offspring gender has an effect on parental investment decision-making. I find that offspring gender does influence household stock market participation. Specifically, I find that having only female offspring can significantly increase the probability of stockholding. Given stockholding can have large effects on household wealth levels and that family wealth levels affect intergenerational transfers, this finding could have important implications for understanding distributional welfare issues.     

Taxes,female labour supply and household income: differences between the Netherlands and the Federal Republic of Germany

The article investigates the effect of taxes and social premiums on female labour supply and household income. A comparison is made between labour supply and household income between the Netherlands and the Federal Republic of Germany in 1992. A discrete choice model for labour supply is used in which taxes and social premiums are implicitly incorporated. As male labour supply is highly inelastic an individual, male chauvinist model is used. The estimated models are used to simulate the effect of the differences in the tax and social premium system on the differences in labour supply and income between both countries. The results indicate that labour force participation is higher the more individualized the system. The German system leads to a lower tax burden compared to the Dutch system. It is concluded that differences in the tax and social premium system between both countries have hardly any influence on the differences in the inequality of net household labour income. There is evidence that the German system leads to a slightly more unequal distribution of household income. It is also concluded that although the tax and social premium system does influence labour supply and income, it can be doubted whether these effects are substantial.     

Search for financial returns and social security privatization

I develop a general equilibrium model in which the quality of household financial decisions is endogenously determined by the incentives to exert effort in learning about financial opportunities. The model generates predictions for asset market participation and returns across households. Moreover, search for financial returns enables the model to generate a more skewed equilibrium wealth distribution. In this context, social security privatization affects household search effort, asset market participation and the competitiveness of the asset market. Privatization reduces average welfare and this reduction is somewhat magnified by the search friction. While some have suggested that household decision making could be important for the consequences of privatization, my analysis does not bear this out.     

流动性、生命周期与投资组合相异性——中国投资者行为调查实证分析

本文采用Probit和Tobit模型对中国居民的股票市场参与和投资组合的影响因素进行了分析,主要有以下的实证发现:首先,不流动性资产特别是房地产的投资显著影响了投资者的股票市场参与和投资组合,而且影响以“替代”效应或者说“挤出”效应为主。其次,投资者在进行投资组合时极少利用股票市场对其未来现金流所承担的风险进行对冲,也就是说,中国居民投资的“生命周期效应”不明显;第三,中国居民投资的“财富效应”非常显著。财富的增加既增加了居民参与股票市场的概率,也增加了居民参与股票市场的深度。     

Is the emerging non‐farm market economy the route out of poverty in Vietnam?

Are the household characteristics that are good for the transition to a more diversified market‐oriented economy in Vietnam also important for reducing poverty? Or are there trade‐offs? The determinants of both poverty incidence and participation in rural off‐farm activities are modeled as functions of household and community characteristics using comprehensive national household surveys for 1993 and 1998. While there are some common causative factors, such as education and region of residence, the processes determining poverty and inhibiting diversification are clearly not the same. Participation in the emerging rural non‐farm market economy will be the route out of poverty for some, but certainly not all, of Vietnam's poor.     

Trust, Inequality and Ethnic Heterogeneity

Using a large Australian social survey, combined with precise data on neighbourhood characteristics, I explore the factors that affect trust at a local level ('localised trust') and at a national level ('generalised trust'). Trust is positively associated with the respondent's education, and negatively associated with the amount of time spent commuting. At a neighbourhood level, trust is higher in affluent areas, and lower in ethnically and linguistically heterogeneous communities, with the effect being stronger for linguistic heterogeneity than ethnic heterogeneity. Linguistic heterogeneity reduces localised trust for both natives and immigrants, and reduces generalised trust only for immigrants. Instrumental variables specifications show similar results. In contrast to the USA, there is no apparent relationship between trust and inequality across neighbourhoods in Australia.     

Breaking with Dogma: Unorthodox Consumption Patterns and Women's Labor Market Outcomes in Turkey

Using information about household consumption data from TURKSTAT's Household Surveys for 2007–13 as a sign of religious unorthodoxy, this study explores the effect of religion on women's labor force and educational participation in a Muslim-majority country, Turkey. A household is categorized as “unorthodox” if its members report that they consume goods that contradict conservative Sunni practices, such as alcohol. This information is then used in female labor force participation estimations. Results show that living in an unorthodox household has a positive and highly significant effect on the probability of married women's labor market participation. For single women, the estimations provide weaker evidence regarding the positive effect of unorthodoxy on the probability of participation in education and the labor force. The study concludes that protection of the rights to follow unorthodox practices in society may bear positive implications with regard to women's agency.     

Entry costs and stock market participation over the life cycle

Several explanations for the observed limited stock market participation have been offered in the literature. One of the most promising is the presence of market frictions mostly in the form of fixed entry and/or transaction costs. Empirical studies point to a significant structural (state) dependence in the stock market entry decision, which is consistent with costs of this type. However, the magnitude of these costs is not yet known. This paper focuses on fixed stock market entry costs. I set up a structural estimation procedure which involves solving and simulating a life cycle intertemporal portfolio choice model augmented with a fixed stock market entry cost. Important features of household portfolio data (from the PSID) are matched to their simulated counterparts. Utilizing a Simulated Minimum Distance estimator, I estimate the coefficient of relative risk aversion, the discount factor and the stock market entry cost. Given the equity premium and the calibrated income process, I estimate a one-time entry cost of approximately two percent of the permanent component of the annual labor income. My estimated model matches the zero median holding as well as the hump-shaped age–participation profile observed in the data.