供应链环境下CPFR库存管理技术及其实施研究

CPFR是一种协同式的供应链库存管理技术,对供应链伙伴改善合作关系、减少库存、提高预测准确度和供应链效率等均有重要的意义。从研究CPFR的产生过程出发,阐述了CPFR的基本理念,然后介绍了CPFR的实施模型及其运作过程,最后分析了企业实施CPFR的基础条件,并阐述了CPFR的具体实施步骤。     

基于CPFR的消费品供应链合作伙伴关系探讨

首先介绍了CPFR的基本概念和流程;在些基础上,着重阐述了CPFR的合作伙伴关系,发现CPFR的供应链体系结构可分为四个职责层．分别是决策层、运作层、内部管理层和系统管理层;最后,从四个方面论述了如何建立和保持CPFR成员的长期合作伙伴关系,并得出如下结论：要保持CPFR合作伙伴关系长期健康稳定的发展,要求CPFR中的成员建立起基于CPFR的价值观,实现信息共享,建立共享利益、共担风险的机制,建立诚信机制。     

基于CPFR供应链的合作任务和运作流程研究

协同规划、预测和补给（CPFR）是20世纪90年代末出现的一种新型供应链管理技术，更是一种面向供应链的新型合作伙伴关系策略，对于供应链伙伴改善合作关系、提高预测准确度和供应链效率、减少库存、提高消费者满意程度等均有重要的意义。本文阐述了协同规划、预测和补给（CPFR）的概念和特点，分析了基于CPFR的合作任务、合作关系和其运作流程。     

供应链中的库存管理

在供应链和库存理论的基础上指出供应链中的库存问题,对现有的供应链下库存管理模式:VMI(供应商管理库存)、JMI(联合库存管理)、CPFR(合作计划、预测与补充)的管理思想、实施措施分别进行了阐述并对这些模型的优缺点进行了相应分析,提出要实施供应链库存管理应注意的关键问题。     

CPFR在快速长型企业的供应链管理中的应用

CPFR(Collaborative Planning,Forecasting and Replenishment)即协同计划、预测与补货是一种面向供应链的新型合作伙伴的策略和管理模式。它应用一系列技术模型和处理手段,提供了覆盖整个供应链的合作过程。快速成长型企业往往因为短期爆炸式快速的发展,供应链的各个环节衔接不够透明,从此导致了大量的库存,严重影到企业的正常发展。CPFR的协同管理,很好的解决了这一问题。     

基于CPFR的乳制品行业供应链管理

首先对现今的乳制品行业的发展和竞争现状进行了分析,其次介绍了CPFR的基本概念和运作模式。最后根据乳制品供应链管理所面临的问题,提出了将基于CPFR的供应链管理模式引入我国的乳制品行业,能使得乳制品行业的管理得到整合和优化。     

供应链一体化实施策略研究

供应链一体化管理是围绕核心企业,将供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商、直至最终用户连成一个整体的功能网链结构模式。通过对供应链管理的研究,提出了从信息集成、系统协调和组织联结等三个方面实施供应链一体化的策略和方法。     

Hybrid governance and governance performance in industrial purchasing relationships

Hybrid governance arrangements (e.g. joint action, long-term contracting and vertical coordination) feature regularly as an effective response to inter-firm dependence in the literature of business-to-business relationships. However, current empirical work has paid little attention to whether such governance arrangements really do improve governance efficacy and reduce transaction costs. The present study focuses on the governance efficacy of vertical coordination in industrial business-to-business relationships. Building on transaction costs arguments, the author examines whether vertical coordination is an effective means for adapting to inter-firm dependence, realized as the substantial employment of specific assets.Empirical findings from a survey of 170 industrial supplier–buyer relationships demonstrate that when asset specificity reaches a certain level, greater vertical coordination reduces ex post transaction costs significantly. On the other hand, this efficacy pattern is modest or non-existent in relationships with low asset specificity.The research findings support the basic TCA assumption that the performance of hybrid governance arrangements is highly dependent on a situation of substantial inter-firm dependence with subsequent small-number conditions.     

Co-ordination and integration mechanisms to manage logistics processes across supply networks

Literature on supply chain management (SCM) emphasises the importance of co-ordination and integration mechanisms to manage logistics processes successfully across supply networks. This requires managers to (1) know the driver variables that must be addressed, since they determine how such processes can be designed and managed; and (2) understand how co-ordination and integration mechanisms interact with such variables and—as a consequence—with logistics processes. The paper addresses the second issue, as it tries to explain how logistics processes can be structured and controlled across supply networks by leveraging co-ordination and integration mechanisms, with consequences for strategic and operational choices for both the individual companies and the whole supply network. This issue has been investigated by analysing three case-studies of SCM interventions on logistics processes across different supply networks, involving central firms as well as several suppliers and customers.     

Learning, communication, and the bullwhip effect

We investigate the effect of learning and communication on the bullwhip effect in supply chains. Using the beer distribution game in a controlled laboratory setting, we test four behavioral hypotheses – bounded rationality, experiential learning, systems learning, and organizational learning – by systematically manipulating training and communication protocols. We find that order variability decreases significantly in a setting in which participants start with hands-on experience, and are then allowed to formulate team strategies collaboratively. This result indicates that while training may improve individuals’ knowledge and understanding of the system, it does not improve supply chain performance unless supply chain partners are allowed to communicate and share this knowledge. Our results indicate that the bullwhip effect is, at least in part, caused by insufficient coordination between supply chain partners.     

需求不确定下的供应链协调建模

采用由整体到局部的研究思路,首先就目前学术界对供应链协调的整体研究情况进行概述,在此基础上进行了延伸;将主要研究方向着眼于需求不确定下的供应链协调方法的研究;最后,通过理论分析与模型构建相结合的研究方法,得到一个针对单个销售商和单个供应商的基于需求不确定条件下的供应链协调模型,提出了未来研究展望。     

基于供应链协调机制重构的杂粮产业链升级落实机制研究

运用大宗商品粮三级供应链利益补偿协调机制研究产业链升级落实机制,具有重要的实践意义。从杂粮三级供应链利益补偿协调机制的指导思想、原则、重构的内涵展开研究,在此基础上,结合大庆调研结果,得出杂粮产业链升级落实机制,主要包括,通过杂粮供应链利益补偿协调机制的评价,遴选杂粮供应链中的合作组织和核心组织,以便政府导入支持政策;通过政府的产业政策支持大宗杂粮三级供应链利益补偿协调机制重构目标;通过核心企业重构大宗杂粮三级供应链利益补偿协调机制,衔接杂粮产业链;政府通过行业监管,推进契约规范表达和实施。     

Do the barriers of multi-tier sustainable supply chain interact? A multi-sector examination using resource-based theory and resource-dependence theory

In a geographically dispersed multi-tiered supply chain, managing sustainable practices throughout the entire upstream network is increasingly challenging for the lead firm. But often, it is the lead firm that is held responsible for the lack of non-sustainable practices by any of its suppliers in the network. This can potentially damage the reputation of the lead firm. Moreover, complex inter-relationship among multi-tier sustainable supply chain management (MSSCM) barriers tends to constrain the cascading of sustainability. Consequently, the strategies in overcoming the MSSCM barriers show limited impact. Thus, exploring the mutual interaction among MSSCM barriers is crucial as removing one barrier can intensify or diminish the effect of another barrier. This research unpacks the intra-firm, inter-firm, and contingency barriers for multi-tiered supplier network. A grey-based multi-criterion decision-making approach is adopted in establishing mutual relationships among MSSCM barriers. In addition, a combined resource-based theory and resource-dependence theory supports the theoretical anchoring. The MSSCM barriers are studied for supply networks which involve three lead firms, five tier-one suppliers, and ten lower-tier suppliers selected from automobile, beverage, and home appliances industries. The research provides a granularity of the MSSCM barriers’ by analysing the meaningful relationship at the individual tier-firm level and aggregated level.     

Integrating sustainability and resilience in the supply chain: A systematic literature review and a research agenda

Sustainability has emerged as an important industrial strategic outlook expanding beyond organizational boundaries to include the supply chain. Simultaneously, the industry has also been faced with supply chain resilience concerns. Research on the intersection of supply chain sustainability and resilience is nascent and is a consequence of their observed mutual influences. However, confusion about concepts, implementation methods, and measurements of sustainable and resilient supply chains remains. This study completes a systematic literature review that critically examines several major observations and directions. We find the concept of sustainable supply chains is more established, and general agreement on its theoretical foundations exists. Supply chain resilience is relatively less mature. The nexus and relationships between the two topics are often incoherent: there is confusion on sustainable and resilient supply chains establishment; there is no clarity on what practices could jointly advance both areas. A major conflict exists since sustainability generally focuses on efficiency, while resilience seeks effectiveness. We recommend studies to analyze implementation relationships and impact. We also observe that performance measurement systems should be developed to assess supply chain sustainability and resilience performance taking with explicit consideration time horizons considered in these measures.     

Learning curves in collaborative planning,forecasting, and replenishment (CPFR) information systems: An empirical analysis from a mobile phone manufacturer

While Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment (CPFR) information systems have been increasingly deployed to improve supply chain operations in a cross section of industries, the extant literature has largely overlooked the learning effects within organizations, thereby resulting in incomplete assessment of their business value. Using an operational-level panel data for nine product lines over 2.5 years, we empirically examine the learning curves in CPFR between Motorola, a mobile phone manufacturer, and one of its U.S.-based national retail partners. We found that the two key components of CPFR, collaborative forecasting (CF) and collaborative replenishment (CR), exhibit distinct learning curves. Forecast accuracy improves immediately following CPFR implementation but the rate of improvement slows over time, whereas inventory levels increase at first and begin decreasing after a period. Further, we found different learning effects in terms of inventory levels when products are later replaced with new form factors. Product replacements have lower inventory levels than their antecedents, at least for low-end products. We discuss important implications for theory and practice at the interface of information systems and operations management.     

The geography of suppliers and retailers

In the last decades, supply chains have increasingly transcended national boundaries developing into global supply chains. Along with the many opportunities arising from international sourcing and the extended commercial presence over the world, the management of a globally dispersed supply chain is highly complex. A key issue to consider when dealing with the global supply chain design is the location of facilities, not only with respect to firms' owned facilities but also the supply and distribution side as factors that affect supply chain complexity and operational performance. This paper sets out a methodological framework to characterize the geographical configuration of a firm's suppliers and retailer networks. Quantitative indexes of network spatial concentration and relative proximity measures based on a nonparametric kernel density estimator are developed to identify both intra- and inter-firm patterns between the supply and point of sales' distributions. The method is first described by means of a series of theoretical-illustrative examples and exemplified by analyzing the geographical dispersion of four practical cases from the fashion-textile industry (i.e., Adidas, Benetton, C&A, and Puma). Subsequently, managerial implications and potential use of the metrics are discussed, showing how the proposed approach can support researchers and practitioners to improve supply chain location decisions and logistic integration, and evaluate changes in either the purchasing or distribution strategy.     

The selection of contracts in supply chains: An empirical analysis

This paper seeks to empirically identify the key drivers for firms in selecting a contract in a supply chain by investigating their performance, supply chain orientation, and supply chain integration. A conceptual model is drawn up based on the existing literature in supply chain coordination contracts, performance, supply chain orientation, and supply chain integration and tested on a large sample of European firms. Multiple and multinomial logistic regression models allow for estimating the relationships between these variables. Our results demonstrate that the selection of contracts and the probability of their adoption depend on several combinations of firms' performance, supply chain orientation, and integration. Overall, the research provides an empirical contribution to the literature on coordination with contracts, which turns out to be mainly game theory based.     

供应链的协调机制研究

供应链的协调机制是为了实现供应链系统的目标而设计的行为规则或处理过程。本文提出了供应链的协调的层次模型，分析了典型的协调机制应该具备的基本特性．并指出了供应链协调机制的进一步研究方向。     

基于订单生产的供应链价格与承诺交货时间决策和协调

针对订单生产需求受价格和承诺交货时间影响以及延期现象,建立由生产商和销售商组成的供应链价格与承诺交货时间决策模型。研究表明:最优承诺交货时间绑定在服务水平上,提高服务水平可以降低双重边际化效应;相对于集中决策,分散决策采用较高的价格和较短的承诺交货时间,其最优利润和最优需求较少;此外,采用收益分享方式构建了供应链协调模型,得出销售商收益分享比例处于某一范围内才能实现供应链的协调。     

基于CPFR的供应链协同采购策略研究

自供应链概念提出以来,由于采购在供应链中的特殊地位而引起了人们的广泛关注,采购工作的成功与否,将直接影响到企业的生产和获利能力;所以,为顺应经济全球化和市场需求多变的特性,企业应建立一种协同采购策略,对市场作出快速反应。文中在分析供应链采购特点的基础上,提出了基于CPFR思想的供应链协同采购策略。它能帮助合作伙伴建立比较准确的预测和高效的补给计划,在高水平服务的前提下扩大销售并降低库存。