企业-大学知识链冲突定义工具研究

结合TRIZ理论和故障树分析方法构建了企业-大学知识链冲突定义工具,详细阐述了企业-大学最终理想解障碍树的构建过程。结合实例说明了如何定义企业-大学知识链冲突,并把冲突表达为技术矛盾。     

知识链中组织之间冲突的形成与演变过程

阐释了知识链中组织之间冲突的含义及二重性,探讨了知识链中组织之间冲突形成的原因,分析了知识链中组织之间冲突的演变过程。     

矛盾思维对创新绩效的影响：员工跨界行为与关系冲突的作用

采用个体与团队动机综合理论模型，利用375名下属和92名领导配对问卷，基于3个时点收集数据，研究了员工矛盾思维对创新绩效的影响，以及关系冲突的调节作用和员工跨界行为的中介作用。结果表明：员工矛盾思维正向预测其创新绩效；员工跨界行为中介了员工矛盾思维与创新绩效之间的关系；关系冲突负向调节员工矛盾思维与员工跨界行为间的关系。此外，关系冲突进一步调节了员工跨界行为在员工矛盾思维与创新绩效间的中介作用。     

知识链组织间知识创造的动力机制研究

知识链组织间知识创造的动力机制由个体、团队、知识链和外部环境层面的动力要素及其相互作用关系构成。研究了促使组织参与知识链组织间知识创造的动力要素以及在知识链组织间知识创造过程中促进新知识产生的动力要素及其作用机理。     

基于多响应变量分析的组织间知识链风险评估

在知识经济和网络经济时代,组织间的知识合作(知识链)变得越来越重要。然而,由于合作组织间和知识本身的一些特性,组织间知识链存在很多风险。为此,首先阐述了组织间知识链存在的各种风险;其次,给出了针对组织间知识链风险的调查问卷结果,并分别运用普通的频数分析法和多响应变量分析法对这一调查结果作了统计分析,得出不同风险的相对重要性。最后,通过对两种方法所得结果的比较,指出多响应变量分析法的优点。     

基于冲突理论的第三方供应链管理机制研究——后成本时期供应链管理研究(II)

本文将后成本供应链管理出现的问题看作是组织间由于合作引起的横向功能冲突 ,依据冲突理论提出了构建第三方供应链管理机制的设想。第三方机构不但能较好地调解当前供应链中由于缺乏沟通带来的协调问题 ,同时还能够成长为供应链关系全面绩效管理组织 ,从而更好地适应未来的链与链之间竞争。     

知识链成员之间的交互学习研究

从组织之间学习的角度,分析了知识链成员之间交互学习的过程和影响知识链成员间交互学习的因素,提出了增强知识链成员间交互学习的措施。     

矛盾管理学派的创立与研究—访著名管理学家、博士生导师李占祥教授

企业寿命过短 ,死亡率过高 ,越来越为人们所关注。事实表明 ,许多企业失败 ,是源于把企业只作为赚钱的机器 ,认为追求利润最大化是其惟一目标的狭隘理念。李占祥教授倡导的矛盾管理学派认为企业是一个生命体 ,具有存续性和可持续成长性。它以研究企业可持续成长为主题 ,认为可持续成长是企业追求的根本目标。矛盾管理学派运用宇宙间普遍存在的矛盾现象和对立统一的基本规律来看待管理问题 ,试图为分析管理问题找到一条根本主线 ,为实施企业可持续成长和长寿提供了独特的思路。     

中部崛起过程中政策矛盾现象分析与对策研究

中部崛起过程中,各项政策之间存在着矛盾与冲突.以政策矛盾为研究中部地区问题的切入点,着重研究中部崛起过程中存在的各种政策矛盾现象及其对策等相关问题,以促使中部地区各政府部门强化全局发展意识,在协调各利益主体基础上,形成中部地区利益共同体,加强政府部门间交流合作,完善利益协调机制,从而发挥各项政策积极效用,优化政策体系的整体功能,促进中部崛起.     

零供关系冲突的症结探究及应对措施

本文针对时下零售商与供应商关系矛盾冲突的现状进行分析,利用经济人假设原理为分析依据,力求找到零供关系冲突的症结,并针对性的提出应对的建议.     

Firm heterogeneity and trade-induced layoffs: An empirical investigation

We use a novel data set with verified observations of trade-induced layoffs by U.S. firms to study the interaction between firm productivity and trade liberalization as key determinants of firm-level job destruction due to trade. We find that patterns of trade-induced layoffs are broadly consistent with the predictions for firm-level employment generated by the Melitz (2003) heterogeneous firms theory – the number of trade-induced layoffs increases with firm productivity for non-exporting firms but decreases with firm productivity for exporting firms. The fact that exporting firms incur trade-induced layoffs at all invites a refined interpretation of the theory. Our findings suggest that exporting firms may lay off some workers who work in production for their shrinking domestic segments, while also engaging in some within-firm reallocation of workers. We also find that, even after controlling for productivity and export status, larger firms lay off more workers due to trade competition.     

Short-Term and Long-Term Margins of International Trade: Evidence from the Canada-Chile Free Trade Agreement

We investigate the impact of the Canada-Chile Free Trade Agreement (CCFTA) on Canadian exports to Chile, particularly the dynamic effects of the agreement on extensive and intensive margins of trade. Consistent with the literature, we find that the extensive margin effects occurred later than the intensive margin effects and became more prominent in the long-term. Surprisingly, the intensive margin effects died off in the long-term. A theoretical model is constructed to show that our results can arise in a standard setting of intra-industry trade.     

Trade and civil conflict: Revisiting the cross‐country evidence

We revisit and expand the evidence on the impact of trade shocks on intra‐state conflict by using a large sample of developing countries in the 1960–2010 period. The results suggest that increases in the price of a country's exported commodities raise the country's risk of civil conflict and its duration. The effect on conflict risk is mainly driven by the price of point‐source commodities, in line with the rapacity effect theory of conflict. Intense trading with contiguous countries is associated with lower duration of conflict, consistent with the idea that such trade reduces the incentive of these countries to fuel conflict in their neighbor. Trading with neighbors is also associated with a lower risk of conflict when such trade occurs under trade agreements. On the other hand, we find no support for the opportunity cost theory via exported and imported commodities, nor via the economic cycle in export markets. We also identify a number of conditions under which the changes in the value of exported commodities cease to matter for conflict probability.     

Make Trade Not War?

This paper analyses theoretically and empirically the relationship between military conflicts and trade. We show that the conventional wisdom that trade promotes peace is only partially true even in a model where trade is economically beneficial, military conflicts reduce trade, and leaders are rational. When war can occur because of the presence of asymmetric information, the probability of escalation is lower for countries that trade more bilaterally because of the opportunity cost associated with the loss of trade gains. However, countries more open to global trade have a higher probability of war because multilateral trade openness decreases bilateral dependence to any given country and the cost of a bilateral conflict. We test our predictions on a large data set of military conflicts on the 1950–2000 period. Using different strategies to solve the endogeneity issues, including instrumental variables, we find robust evidence for the contrasting effects of bilateral and multilateral trade openness. For proximate countries, we find that trade has had a surprisingly large effect on their probability of military conflict.     

The long-term effects of the slave trade on political violence in Sub-Saharan Africa

This study investigates the long-term legacy of the slave trade on contemporary violence in sub-Saharan Africa. Using a geo-coded disaggregated dataset and exploiting within-country variation in slave trade intensity, we document a robust positive relationship between slave exports and contemporary conflict; the slave trade has long-lasting impacts on ethnic conflict and riots in particular. We examine the mechanisms underlying this persistence and find that the slave trade has weakened national identity, leading to a higher risk of ethnic conflict, and has also undermined economic development, which partly explains the relationship between the slave trade and riots. Furthermore, using the individual attitudes from the Afrobarometer survey, we show that the impact of the slave trade on national identity is mostly attributed to the inherited beliefs and norms rather than the external environment.     

Does Trade Integration Contribute to Peace?

We investigate the effect of trade integration on interstate military conflict. Our empirical analysis, based on a large panel data set of 243,225 country‐pair observations from 1950 to 2000, confirms that an increase in bilateral trade interdependence significantly promotes peace. It also suggests that the peace‐promotion effect of bilateral trade integration is significantly higher for contiguous countries that are likely to experience more conflict. More importantly, we find that not only bilateral trade but global trade openness also significantly promotes peace. It shows, however, that an increase in global trade openness reduces the probability of interstate conflict more for countries far apart from each other than it does for countries sharing borders. The main finding of the peace‐promotion effect of bilateral and global trade integration holds robust when controlling for the simultaneous determination of trade and peace.     

Trade Liberalisation and the Trade‐Off Between Growth and the Balance of Payments in Latin America

The broad purpose of trade liberalisation is to raise the rate of growth of countries on a sustainable basis, consistent with the achievement of other macroeconomic objectives. In this article we consider whether trade liberalisation in 17 countries of Latin America has improved the trade‐off between gross domestic product (GDP) growth and the trade balance, allowing the countries to grow faster without sacrificing foreign exchange. We find that in the aftermath of liberalisation, the majority of countries did grow faster, but at the expense of a deteriorating trade balance. Testing formally for the impact of trade liberalisation in a full model of trade balance determination, we find that only in Chile and Venezuela has the trade‐off unequivocally improved. In other countries there has been a significant deterioration or no change. Nine out of the 17 countries have grown faster post‐liberalisation than pre‐liberalisation but, except for Chile and Venezuela, at the expense of a wider trade or current account deficit.     

Exporters in cross‐section: Direct versus intermediated trade

How do producers that export their goods directly differ from those that export through trade intermediaries? We take a standard model of trade with heterogeneous firms and add heterogeneity in quality to the usual heterogeneity in productivity. Modeling trade intermediaries as increasing marginal costs but decreasing fixed costs of exporting, we find that only firms with the highest quality‐adjusted productivity levels choose to export directly. Under certain parameter restrictions, the model shows that direct exporters tend to be larger and charge higher prices for their goods. In contrast to the literature, using Chinese customs data, we confirm that direct exporters do charge higher prices for their goods.     

International R&D Collaboration and Strategic Trade Policy

We study an international trade model with symmetric countries and symmetric firms, with countries making strategic trade policies, anticipating the decisions of firms on R&D collaboration at the subsequent stage. In general we should observe a conflict between the equilibrium outcome and the efficient one. We find that an asymmetric outcome where one country unilaterally liberalizes trade while the other does not is likely to occur. We also find that while banning international R&D collaboration may help to reach free trade equilibrium in certain situations, it provides little assistance in reaching the outcome that maximizes global welfare.     

固定资本与标准商品

在新旧固定资本均存在的冯诺伊曼体系下,可定义广义标准稼动水准,以此为衡量尺度可知工资率与利润率处于线性相反关系。但仅存在新品而排除旧固定资本时,即使以广义标准商品为衡量尺度,工资率与利润率虽为相反关系,但非线性关系。