我国利用航天技术育成第一个蔬菜新品种

黑龙江省农科院园艺研究分院最近培育成功受太空环境诱变而发生基因变异的番茄新品种。专家认为,这是我国利用航天技术培育成功的第一个蔬菜品种。该院的副研究员郭亚华说,耗时７年半培育成功的这个新品种被命名为“宇番一号番茄”,与它的前身相比,在品质和产量等方面产生了可喜变化。研究人员于１９９２年将番茄品种搭载在返回式卫星上,进行为期８天的太空遨游,试图使其在复杂的空间环境中产生遗传基因变异。此前,我国曾利用航天技术相继培育成功水稻、小麦等两种粮食作物新品种。郭亚华说,番茄种子随卫星返回地面后,研究小组对其进行了种…     

试论园艺产业的发展在社会主义新农村建设中的作用

1园艺简介 园艺，是指种植蔬菜、果树、花卉的生产技艺，是农业生产和城乡绿化的一个重要组成部分，园艺业无论是中国还是世界各国，都是很兴盛的产业，党中央提出了建设社会主义新农村的战略决策，这为园艺产业的发展提供了历史性的机遇，同时园艺产业的发展又助推新农村建设，园艺产业的现状是改革开放近30年来有了长足的发展，     

隋唐五代特用经济林产品研究

隋唐五代是我国封建社会的兴盛时代,也是我国特用经济林产品开发利用的兴盛时代。本文研究木本粮食、木本油料、木本纤维、木本药材、树脂树液以及森林经济昆虫分泌物等类型的特用经济林产品在隋唐五代时期的开发利用,对于深入认识隋唐五代城乡的经济生活,致力理顺特用经济林产品开发利用的源流,都具有相当重要的意义。     

我国统计学发展理论溯源

本文主要从统计组织、统计工作和统计方法三大类出发,对中国古代各个时期的统计思想进行系统概括,探寻新中国统计学发展的理论溯源。研究表明：我国统计学的发展主要经历先秦时期的初始萌芽阶段;在秦汉、三国两晋南北朝和隋唐五代时期的发展阶段;唐代时期我国统计进入全面发展阶段;宋辽金元时期我国统计处在发展不平衡阶段;明清时期进入新的发展阶段。     

以互联网思维创新园艺技术推广模式

<正>在互联网高速发展的今天,网络在社会生活中的应用范围越来越广、产生的影响越来越大,各种网络产品的不断问世促进人们使用互联网的深度与关联度不断加深、拓宽。园艺业是一个典型的传统产业,在互联网时代,将会发生什么样的变革?下一步园艺技术推广工作该如何开展才能搭上互联网快车?我们应该深入思考互联网带来的一系列问题。一、当前园艺业及园艺技术推广工作的发展趋势及特点园艺业是现代农业的重要组成部     

试论园艺产业的发展在社会主义新农村建设中的作用

1园艺简介园艺,是指种植蔬菜、果树、花卉的生产技艺,是农业生产和城乡绿化的一个重要组成部分,园艺业无论是中国还是世界各国,都是很兴盛的产业,党中央提出了建设社会主义新农村的战略决策,这为园艺产业的发展提供了历史性的机遇,同时园艺产业的发展又助推新农村建设,园艺产业的现状是改革开放近30年来有了长足的发展,实现了主要农产品的供给由长期的短缺到总量基本平衡,丰年有余的历史性转变,园艺产业的发展在新农村建设中发挥了巨大的作用。     

楊州特色農業展示館

正扬州特色农业展示馆位于广陵现代农业产业园内,占地面积40000平方米,目前已投入2200万元建成5个馆。馆内采用地源热泵控温系统、全自动内外遮阳系统,根据作物生长的需要调控温度、光照等小气候环境。展示馆集蔬菜新品展示、新技术示范、优质种苗培育为一体,充分展示当今蔬菜园艺业发展的先进水平和扬州的农耕文化。一     

六个“突出”培育高素质农民

<正>乡村振兴，关键在人才。江苏省南京市农业农村局坚持把高素质农民培育放在重要位置，从政策、培育、引进、认定、扶持、宣传等方面，高效培育适应农业农村现代化需求的高素质农民队伍，为乡村振兴提供人才支撑。突出高素质农民培育政策引领。一是政策统筹指引。“十三五”时期，南京市相继出台了《关于加快培育新型职业农民的意见》《南京市新型职业农民认定管理办法》《南京市引进青年大学生新型职业农民学费补助实施办法》等系列政策扶持文件，为高素质农民培育工作打下了坚实基础。     

我国近代园艺教育科技发展述评

1894年中日甲午战争后,我国觉醒的知识分子提出了吸收外国先进科技的主张。不久,国内开始译刻国外农书,选派学农留学生,兴办新式农校和农业试验场。我国以实验科学为指导的近代园艺学应时诞生。民国初年,我国先后创办了几所中等园艺学校,培养了第一批园艺专业人才。20年代以后,高等农业院校相继组建了园艺系,我国自己培养的园艺高级人才开始造福社会。在园艺教育发展的基础上,园艺科研得以逐步发展,到抗日战争之前,已初步形成了具有我国特色的教育、科研、推广体系,在园艺基础理论研究和应用推广方面取得了一批成果。新中国成立之前引进和选育成功的不少果蔬品种,至今仍在各地广泛栽培,产生着长久的历史效益。     

推动合作战略新思维打造园艺竞争新引擎

<正>园艺,以其物种多样性、产品创意性、生态友好性、和谐共生性、文化互鉴性等多重优良特质在农业产业格局中占据重要一极。江苏园艺业对外贸易的格局、特点和趋势自2012年以来,江苏园艺业对外贸易乘势而上、转型升级。从贸易额看,2012～2018年,江苏园艺产品出口额和进口额分别年均增长1.7%和10.0%,2018年达10.32亿美元和4.18亿美元,     

对德国巴伐利亚州园林协会的系统考察

通过对巴伐利亚州园林协会的系统调研,可以看出:协会是全州范围内从事苗圃、墓地园艺、灌木园艺、观赏植物等生产经营活动的、多种不同类型的园林企业自愿加入的具有经济协会和雇主协会双重功能的协会组织;协会承担对外沟通交流与对内业务培训、咨询、研讨等多样性职责;协会设有常务理事会、理事会、会员代表大会和会员大会健全的机关;协会和其他相关机构密切合作,既可互为会员又可相互代表;协会将近1000名分散的会员组织起来,代表其政治经济利益,形成聚集优势,享受优惠服务,降低企业成本,创造新的优势,获得协同效应,提高行业知名度,促进行业发展。这对中国农民专业合作经济组织和农业协会的发展具有重要参考与借鉴。     

Horticulture,livelihoods, and urban transition in Africa: evidence from South‐West Cameroon

This article documents change in periurban horticulture using repeat surveys in 1995 and 2004 of about 300 households around Muea, Cameroon. Real household incomes increased by 14%, with a large shift from farm to nonfarm income. Within agriculture, activity shifted from staple crops to horticulture, both for sale and in home consumption. In 1995, there were large remittances from farmers involved in periurban horticulture to their village of origin; in 2004 remittances continued and horticultural farmers were also heavily involved in informal financial associations. Periurban horticulture is disproportionately practiced by women and older workers, and plays an important and growing role in African livelihoods.     

我国设施园艺发展模式研究

设施园艺在中国的发展成效显著,形成了不同的发展模式,文章分析了气候、经济、资源、技术等诸多因素对设施园艺发展模式的影响,从技术、市场、社会化功能等3个方面探讨了我国设施农业发展模式的分类原则与分类方法,分析了我国设施园艺发展模式的趋势,为各地设施园艺发展模式选择提供参考。     

Characterization of urban and peri-urban agroecosystems in three West African cities

Systems of urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) take many forms in terms of integration of different activities, production intensities and production orientations. The present study is aimed at a refined characterization of the diversity in terms of production orientation, resource endowments and production strategies of the different types of farm households involved in urban and peri-urban agriculture in three West African cities. A total of 318 UPA households were surveyed using a standardized semi-structured questionnaire in the West African cities Kano (Nigeria), Bobo Dioulasso (Burkina Faso) and Sikasso (Mali). Through categorical principal component analysis and two-step cluster analysis, six distinct household clusters were identified based on resource endowments and the degree of integration of vegetable, field crop and animal production. Three clusters appeared in all three cities; the remaining three were specific for one of the cities each and comprised (i) commercial gardening plus field crop–livestock (cGCL) keeping, (ii) commercial livestock plus subsistence field cropping (cLsC), (iii) commercial gardening plus semi-commercial field cropping (cGscC), (iv) commercial gardening plus semi-commercial livestock (cGscL) keeping, (v) commercial field cropping (cC) and (vi) commercial gardening (cG). Production constraints were similar across the cities, that is, high costs of inputs, water shortages and lack of fertilizers in the garden and field crop production systems, while feeding constraints and animal diseases were the main constraints in livestock production. UPA remains an important economic activity to livelihood strategy for urban and peri-urban farmers. Appropriate policies should be formulated that efficiently target the site-specific constraints for improving the quality and sustainability of UPA production systems.     

关于北方创建生态园林城市的探讨

介绍了生态园林的概念、创建生态园林城市的标准;提出实现生态园林城市的措施及创建生态园林城市的建议。     

Sustainable urban agriculture and the adoption of composts in Cameroon

The increased importance of urban agriculture in developing countries suggests reconsidering some innovation adoption opportunities and challenges, particularly soil fertility inputs. In sub-Saharan Africa, urban horticulture uses a high level of soil inputs like inorganic fertilizers, while local composts are far less common. Yet, municipal solid wastes provide high quantity of organic matter, a major component of compost. Our study aimed to determine if urban horticulture in sub-Saharan towns can provide incentives for compost adoption among farmers. To this end, we surveyed 242 farmers in Yaoundé, the capital of Cameroon in the Central Province, and in Bafoussam, a city in the West Province. We used an Ordered Logit Model to test four soil input modalities adopted by farmers and ranging from no soil inputs, composts only, composts and inorganic fertilizers, and inorganic fertilizers only. Our results revealed that 36% of farmers adopt an exclusive or mixed use of compost. Inorganic fertilizer expenditures, vegetable production, land ownership, and land distance simultaneously and significantly influence the four soil input alternatives. Urban horticulture provides the prerequisites for compost adoption in sub-Saharan Africa. We suggest several recommendations for implementation of a waste recycling commodity chain dedicated to agriculture.     

Horticulture exports, agro-industrialization, and farm–nonfarm linkages with the smallholder farm sector: evidence from Senegal

In this article we address the question of farm–nonfarm linkages at the household level in Senegal. We examine whether increasing off-farm employment opportunities for rural households—resulting from increased horticulture exports and associated agro-industrialization—has benefitted the smallholder farm sector through investment linkages. We use data from a household survey in the main horticulture export region in Senegal. We find that access to unskilled employment in the export agro-industry has contributed to the alleviation of farmers' liquidity constraints, resulting in increased smallholder agricultural production.     

Solar-powered cold-storage and agrifood market modernization in Nigeria

Modern cooling technologies that utilize renewable energy sources have been increasingly recognized as promising tools to address various challenges emerging in progressively complex agrifood systems in developing countries. Knowledge gaps about the actual impacts of these technologies in developing countries remain, especially in Africa south of the Sahara (SSA). This study fills this knowledge gap by providing evidence from the evaluation of recent interventions in northeast Nigeria in which seven small solar-powered cold storages were installed across seven horticulture markets. Combinations of difference-in-difference (DID) and variants of propensity-score-based methods suggest that cold storage significantly increased horticulture sales volumes and revenues of market agents. Back-of-the-envelope calculations indicate that increased net revenues for market agents may be sufficiently large to recoup cold storage investments and operating costs within a reasonable time frame. Using cold storage also reduced the share of food loss. It lengthened the products' shelf-life while raising prices received by market agents and farmers, which were associated with improved product quality, expanded value-adding activities by market agents, and increased use of advance payments.     

A toolbox for garden governance

A substantial fraction of the open space in (peri-) urban and rural areas is covered by domestic gardens which support the delivery of multiple ecosystem services. Although individually they may look insignificant, the aggregation of domestic gardens and of gardening actions can be significant. Referring to ‘the tyranny of small decisions’, we launch the concept of a ‘resource by small gardening actions’: the positive cumulative outcome of individual garden owners adopting pro-environmental gardening practices. Using qualitative research, we gained a thorough insight into the barriers and levers related to the development of domestic gardens as a ‘resource by small gardening actions’. By combining the data from expert interviews with a design workshop addressing garden and landscape architects, and focus groups with private garden owners, we identified eight barriers and nine levers. These levers are part of a ‘mix and match’ toolbox, allowing the development of tailor-made strategies for garden governance. These insights increase the understanding on if and how private actors and their properties could become part of policy plans to support ecosystem services. This adds to the global understanding of the strategic value of daily-life landscapes that exist all over the world.     

北京野鸭湖国家湿地公园湿地恢复与建设实践

通过野鸭湖湿地公园湿地恢复与建设实践,总结了野鸭湖湿地公园在湿地保护与开发建设方面的经验,尤其在建设湿地园林绿化景观、科学配置湿地植物、恢复湿地生态系统等方面提出了建议。同时,分析了野鸭湖湿地的资源优势与不足,提出了湿地保护的重要意义。