公司投资冲击是否影响股票流动性——基于中国A股市场的经验证据

在宽松货币政策逐步退出、市值管理日益引起关注的背景下,股票流动性问题成为当前的研究热点。本文立足中国资本市场实际,实证研究了公司投资对股票流动性的影响及作用机理。研究发现:中国A股上市公司投资冲击显著降低公司股票的市场风险水平、增强股票流动性;在公司投资冲击增强股票流动性的作用过程中,公司市场风险具有部分中介作用。本研究在一定程度上厘清了微观公司投资影响股票流动性的作用机理,丰富了有关股票流动性微观前置影响因素研究。最后,就信贷资源配置结构、投资者教育及公司投资评价内容和公司市值管理等提出了政策建议。     

货币政策、股票流动性与资本结构动态调整

以2003—2012年沪深A股上市公司为研究样本,考察货币政策和股票流动性对资本结构动态调整的影响。研究结果表明:伴随着股票流动性的上升,资本结构调整速度显著加快;货币政策的放松有利于资本结构调整速度的改善,而且股票流动性与资本结构调整速度的关系也在宽松的货币政策下变得更加敏感。进一步研究发现,在不同的产权性质和负债水平下,货币政策、股票流动性对资本结构动态调整的影响存在非对称性:在非国有性质和负债较低的上市公司中影响更显著,而在国有性质和负债较高的上市公司中影响更弱。     

期股期权制的二十个难题

一是股票从何处来？国际上实施期权奖励制度,其股票一般来源于四个方面：1、库存股票;2、增发新股;3、从二级市场回购;4、大股东转让,中国不允许上市公司库存股票;中国上市公司在境内二级市场增发新股的可能性不大,而且成本太高;为搞期权奖励从二级市场回购是《公司法》和《证券法》所不允许的;大股东转让的只能是非流通股,无法为期权奖励使用,而战略投资人定向转让属于非法私下交易,所以非经政府高层特批,上市公司无法合法地解决期权所需股票来源问题。     

全流通时代战略性并购效果影响因素

随着我国上市公司的股权分置改革的完成,从2008年开始,我国上市公司的股票将陆续进入“全流通”时代。股票全流通解决的不仅是股权的流动性问题,它还给企业并购、重组,理顺产业结构关系提供更好的市场环境,成为促进并购市场活跃的最大外生动力,股改后实施并购的上市公司数量和涉及的金额大量增加就证明了这点。     

上市公司股票期权激励模式设计

股票期权模式是国际上一种最为经典、使用最为广泛的股权激励模式。我国目前已公布的上市公司股权激励方案中,单纯使用股票期权模式的上市公司占绝大多数。典型的股票期权要求公司的业绩表现能反映公司股票在证券市场上的价值变动。所以,如何在股票期权计划的实施中解决市场价格可能出现的失真,是股票期权能否有效实施的关键因素之一。     

上市公司信息透明度对股票流动性的影响——来自深市上市公司2004～2006年的经验证据

研究我国上市公司信息透明度与股票流动性的关系,对促进监管部门完善信息披露政策、加强监管和促进上市公司努力提高信息透明度具有积极意义.实证研究表明,上市公司信息透明度的提高可以增强股票的流动性,对减少投资者投机行为、持续稳定发展资本市场具有积极作用;深交所的信息披露考评工作是有成效的,上交所也应该披露此类信息披露考评结果,同时应该进一步完善信息披露考评体系,使考评结果更加科学化.     

从市场流动性分析公司财务策略

本文在分析市场流动性及其影响因素的基础上,论述了上市公司可以通过股票拆细、提高财务信息披露质量、加强投资者关系管理、发行认股权证等财务策略来提高公司股票流动性,以降低股权资本成本。     

股票价格与价值的测度及特性分析--基于流动性的新解释

流动性对股票价格与价值的作用与关系，传统的研究主要是从市场流动性角度展开分析的，这种研究的局限性主要在于市场流动性的研究只是从市场这个单一的角度来对股票价格进行测度，没有从流动性变化的最大部分即资产流动性的第一个飞跃——从股票标的资产到股票流动性的飞越来对股票价格与价值的作用进行分析。基于此，本文从流动性的研究现状出发，重新定义了资产流动性对股票价格与价值形成的作用，在对流动性价值进行测度的基础上，揭示了股票价格与价值的形成机制及相互作用特性，得出了流动性的价值测度、股票价格的形成过程、价格与价值的差异特性。     

股票流动性会影响公司商业信用融资吗？——基于A股上市公司的实证研究

商业信用作为企业短期外部融资的重要渠道,日渐成为学术界关注的重要话题。基于A股上市公司2007—2020年数据,实证检验股票流动性对上市公司商业信用融资的影响。研究发现：股票流动性与商业信用融资规模显著正相关,即流动性越好,商业信用融资规模越大。异质性分析结果表明：在融资约束大、行业竞争激烈以及地区市场化程度高的公司中作用更明显。机制分析结果表明,股票流动性通过降低第一类代理成本、提高信息透明度来增加商业信用融资。最后,采用工具变量法、地区固定效应以及替换关键变量等一系列稳健性检验后,结果依然存在且稳健。研究从市场微观结构角度,探索企业商业信用融资的影响因素,拓展了流动性治理相关研究,同时为缓解上市公司融资约束提供了新的经验证据。     

从市场流动性分析公司财务策略

本文在分析市场流动性及其影响因素的基础上，论述了上市公司可以通过股票拆细、提高财务信息披露质量、加强投资者关系管理、发行认股权证等财务策略来提高公司股票流动性，以降低股权资本成本。     

Ownership structure and corporate liquidity policy

This study analyzes the relationship between corporate liquidity (i.e. the fraction of assets invested in cash and marketable securities) and managerial ownership in the firm's stock. We postulate a negative relationship between excess liquidity and managerial stock ownership as the managers' interests shift from protecting the value of their human capital to maximizing the value of their stockholdings. This managerial behavior is constrained by the disciplining forces of the firm's product market structure and the market for corporate control. While the tests fail to reveal any significant impact of managerial stock ownership, they show that firm liquidity is positively related to the firm's ability to earn economic rents.     

技术创新驱动企业成长的绩效分析——基于创新型上市公司的实证研究

依据2007-2010年创新型上市公司相关数据,以R&D经费支出强度为技术创新的替代变量,从企业市场成长和利润成长两个维度,实证分析了技术创新对企业成长绩效的影响及其态势。研究表明:技术创新与公司的市场成长速度、成长效率正相关,与公司利润成长速度无关;技术创新促进公司市场成长见效快、持续期短,在提升公司成长效率上有短期滞后性,累积效应较好,但未能创造经济价值。研究建议:企业应当将技术创新战略适时由市场导向向市场、利润并重导向转变,开拓强化突破性创新,且在以产品创新、过程创新为主要形式的技术创新实施过程中,努力发掘产品创新的增值能力及空间。     

Do voluntary disclosures of bad news improve liquidity?

Can managers improve market liquidity and lower the cost of capital by providing voluntary earnings guidance? This study examines the impact of profit warnings on market liquidity and finds that voluntary disclosure of bad news actually improves market liquidity. By conducting an empirical study over the period 1995–2010 on NYSE, NASDAQ and AMEX listed firms, we find that firms that issue profit warnings show enhanced market liquidity during the post-announcement period. We show that profit warnings reduce information asymmetry and lower bid-ask spreads and increase trading volumes. These results are invariant to daily (short run) and monthly (long run) data after controlling for firm specific attributes. The results have major corporate policy implications. By voluntarily disclosing negative earnings guidance by managers, firms will experience significant improvement in market liquidity, thereby lowering the cost of capital. Our results are even more profound for firms that release bad news with extremely negative stock market impact. In other words, voluntary disclosure of bad news is good for market liquidity.     

Liquidity and firm value in an emerging market: Nonlinearity,political connections and corporate ownership

This study re-examines the relationship between liquidity and firm value in the emerging stock market of Malaysia, exploring the issues of nonlinearity and moderating variables. Using data for all non-financial firms traded on Bursa Malaysia over the sample period of 2000–2015, the results from the baseline quadratic model suggest stocks must be traded higher than the threshold liquidity level before reaping the benefit of larger firm value. Our key finding of a nonlinear relationship remains robust to alternative liquidity measures and estimation methods, as well as passing a series of endogeneity checks. Using an ideal candidate of lot size reduction for Malaysian stocks in May 2003 as exogenous liquidity shock, we establish the causal effect from liquidity to firm value. Further interaction analyses uncover three important moderating variables in the liquidity-firm value relationship, in which the value impact demands a more liquid market for Malaysian public firms with political connections, higher foreign nominee ownership and higher foreign institutional ownership.     

Impact of Environmental Performance on Firm Value for Sustainable Investment: Evidence from Large US Firms

This research examines the impact of environmental performance on firm value, applying the event study methodology to Newsweek’s ‘Green Rankings’ announcement of 2012 for large US firms. Specifically, it analyzes the impact of the absolute green score and green rank of firms on their performance in the stock market. We found that investors perceive the announcement as positive news, leading to significant positive standardized cumulative abnormal returns (SCARs). After controlling for industry‐ and firm‐specific effects, we observed that firms with repeated green rankings for enhancing environmental performance showed significantly higher SCARs than those with either reduced or unchanged environmental performance. In addition, the environmental impact score measuring environmental damage from a firm's operational activities was found to be the most influential factor in improving the firm's value. Our findings are beneficial to managers in allocating resources to different types of environmental initiative, and provide valuable insight for sustainable environmental investment. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

Disclosure quality,price efficiency,and expected returns

Using a composite disclosure quality measure, we examine the effect of disclosure quality on price delay and the effect of price delay determined by disclosure quality on expected returns in the Taiwan stock market. We find that higher disclosure quality can reduce stock price delay through more investor attention and higher stock liquidity after we control for accounting quality variables and consider the endogeneity issue. Furthermore, we show that disclosure quality reduces expected stock returns through the price efficiency channel associated with both investor attention and stock liquidity. Our results indicate that increasing a firm’s standardized information rating by one standard deviation can reduce its expected stock return by 0.63% annually. Taken together, our evidence suggests that regulatory activities enforced to improve public firms’ disclosure quality in the Taiwan stock market can make the stock market more efficient and therefore lower investors’ required return for stocks.     

Liquidity skewness premium

Risk-averse investors may dislike decrease of liquidity rather than increase of liquidity, and thus there can be asymmetric preference in variation of liquidity. In addition, investors are likely to avoid extreme illiquidity. This paper examines whether the skewness of an individual firm’s liquidity capturing asymmetric distribution of liquidity and extreme illiquidity is priced in the US stock market. Using the skewness of the daily price impact, we find that it is positively priced, and this positive relation is significant up to eight months after controlling for other effects. Moreover, we find our results remain significant with the skewness of alternative liquidity measures, i.e., dollar-volume, and turnover.     

What drives the liquidity premium in the Chinese stock market?

This paper examines the dynamics of the liquidity premium in the Chinese stock market by adopting a multivariate decomposition approach to measure the individual contributions of various driving forces of the premium (such as firm size, idiosyncratic volatility, and market liquidity betas). By employing a wide range of liquidity measures, we show that liquidity premium is generally significant in the Chinese stock market. Furthermore, this premium is increasing in recent years starting from 2011; this observation is different from the United States market, in which the premium has declined over the years. Moreover, the multivariate decomposition approach highlights several asset pricing factors as the main driving forces of the premium. Based on the Amihud liquidity measure, the decomposition approach indicates that the size factor contributes 45–65% to the liquidity premium. However, the measure based on turnover suggests that idiosyncratic volatility accounts for at least 60% of the liquidity premium. In contrast, the global market liquidity beta does not significantly contribute to the premium. However, there is some evidence that the local market liquidity beta has become more significant in its impact on the premium during the period from 2011 to 2015. Our results imply that the findings on the liquidity premium in the Chinese stock market could be sensitive to the liquidity measure used and period of analysis.     

Green banking disclosure,firm value and the moderating role of a contextual factor: Evidence from a distinctive regulatory setting

The idea that green banking disclosure leads to increased firm value has been rightly considered as over-simplistic. This paper builds on key prior insights by investigating whether combining green disclosure with other contextual factor, such as non-performing loans, provides additional insight into the complex green disclosure–firm value relationship in a regulatory setting where green law has recently been enacted for the banking industry. We present an analysis of seven years of data sourced from listed banks in Bangladesh (2008–2014), with data analysed using multiple regression. Our findings indicate that, while green disclosure has a positive effect on the overall firm value of banks, this positive effect is negatively moderated by banks' non-performing loans. This research contributes to the knowledge by showing that green disclosure alone is insufficient for creating market value for banks. Additional contextual matters need attention to understand the impact of green disclosure in contributing to increased market value for banks.     

IPO定价与公司内含价值——基于常山药业的案例研究

如何对IPO公司准确定价是学术界和实务界广泛争议的热点话题。IPO定价准确性的评价依赖于对公司内含价值的判断，选择不同的标准确定公司的内含价值会得出IP0定价过高或过低的不同结论。本文应用可比公司法对常山药业的内含价值进行估计，使用四种可比公司乘数计算的结果表明公司实际发行价格高于公司内含价值，这意味着公司的发行价格存在一定程度的高估现象。与同期证券分析师对常山药业发行价格预测的平均估价水平相比，结果发现多数证券分析师由于过度乐观而高估公司内含价值。本文研究结果表明可比公司法具有计算简单、可操作性强等特点，不仅有助于一级市场中不同投资者对IP0公司的内含价值做出合理的估计，而且可以为二级市场交易中小投资者形成正确的投资决策提供依据，减少超额投资损失。