遏制仿冒行为的新思路

遏制仿冒产品的需求是打击知识产权侵权行为的有效途径.作者以影响消费者购买仿冒品的因素为基础,提出了基于遏制需求的反仿冒行为的策略,为保护知识产权、打击仿冒行为政策提供了新的思路.     

仿冒奢侈品购买行为的影响因素——基于巴基斯坦消费者的研究

仿冒奢侈品购买是消费者行为中的一种特殊购买行为。消费者为什么对仿冒品感兴趣,是什么原因导致消费者购买仿冒品?这些问题的解答对于探索消费者行为具有重要意义。本研究主要针对奢侈品牌的仿冒产品的非欺骗性的行为进行研究,试图探讨价格、声誉、独特性和质量对仿冒品购买意愿的影响,探索影响消费者购买仿冒品的相关因素。通过对巴基斯坦的消费者进行研究,发现价格、独特性和质量会显著地影响消费者对仿冒品的购买,而品牌声誉却没有显著的影响。     

仿冒奢侈品消费现象剖析.

消费经济时代,购买仿冒奢侈品成为比较常见的消费现象,从日常用品、影视用品到电脑软件,大都存在仿冒奢侈品.本文基于三个矛盾阐述了消费者购买仿冒奢侈品的原因,并且从个人视角和社会视角分析了消费者购买仿冒奢侈品的消费行为动机,进而提出相关建议.     

消费者人格特质对仿冒品购买意愿的影响

仿冒品的大肆横行引起了学术界的注意，但对于仿冒品需求方面的研究却鲜有涉及，本文站在仿冒品需求方的角度去探索仿冒品的消费者购买意愿与消费者人格特质的关系，通过研究发现，消费者物质主义价值观，消费者伦理信念，消费者虚荣特质，消费者仿冒品态度对仿冒品购买意愿都会产生显著影响。     

产品炫耀性如何影响仿冒轻奢侈品选择?——基于"态度功能理论"视角

本文基于态度功能理论,采用二手数据和实验相结合的方法,通过与仿冒奢侈品比较,研究我国消费者更愿意购买什么样的仿冒轻奢侈品及其原因.研究发现:较之在产品炫耀性大时,消费者对仿冒奢侈品有更大的购买意愿,在产品炫耀性小时,消费者则对仿冒轻奢侈品有更大的购买意愿.较大的产品炫耀性增加了消费者对仿冒奢侈品持有的社会调节态度,较小的产品炫耀性增加了消费者对仿冒轻奢侈品持有的价值表现态度;产品功能态度中介了产品种类及产品炫耀性与仿冒产品购买意愿之间的关系.     

超市促销策略——基于消费者行为的调查研究

随着超市在我国的迅速发展，促销已经成为超市营销的重要手段，有效的促销活动不仅可以诱导和激发顾客的购买欲望，引发他们的购买行为，还可以创造需求。本文根据消费者行为学的相关理论从购买目标的角度将消费者的购买行为分为三类：全确定型、半确定型和不确定型，通过性别、年龄及消费者购买行为类型，对超市常见的四种促销策略进行了问卷调查研究，并收集整理数据，运用交-叉列表法对收集到的数据进行分析，发现超市促销策略与消费者行为的关系，并得出对不同消费者行为类型的有效促销策略，并根据研究结果对超市的促销策略提出了相关建议，这对超市的促销策略具有一定的指导意义和借鉴意义。     

冲动性购买行为的研究综述

冲动性购买的现象在目前的消费者日常生活中非常普遍,也成为人们研究的热点问题之一,但冲动性购买行为的概念、影响因素和心理机制等方面还缺乏一致性。笔者在阅读了大量文献的基础上,对冲动性购买行为的概念、原因和动机、影响因素和网购中的冲动性购买行为进行了总结归纳。本文不仅归纳总结了有关学者的研究成果及相关理论,而且还根据学者们研究的结果和结论,提出了针对企业营销管理者以及消费者的启示和建议。     

快速消费品冲动性购买行为的实证研究

随着居民收入的不断提高,企业市场竞争愈演愈烈。研究消费者冲动性购买,对企业提高产品市场竞争力具有重要的现实意义。本文实证分析了快速消费品冲动性购买行为的影响因素。研究结果显示产品质量、价格、导购人员的服务、消费者对产品多方考虑和生活压力等因素与冲动性购买呈显著相关。企业应针对不同因素采取相应营销策略,积极引导消费者产生冲动性购买行为。     

基于消费者购买行为分析的企业营销对策研究

由于受到新冠肺炎疫情及网络营销发展的影响,企业营销策略需要进行不断优化。消费者是市场当中的一类特殊群体,与生产者、销售者不同,消费者是各种产品和服务的最终使用人,消费者购买行为的产生是一系列决策行为的共同影响,受到了多重因素的相互作用,新形势下,消费者的消费特点也是导致消费者消费行为产生的重要影响因素之一。文章对消费者购买行为定义、过程及影响因素进行分析,探究新形势下消费者购买行为呈现出的特点,并基于此,为企业提高营销水平、优化营销策略提供对策建议,旨在提高企业整体营销水平,增加消费者购买行为。     

基于消费者购买行为新特点的企业营销策略探析

随着信息技术的不断发展,消费者购买行为也出现了更多的新特点。本文分析了不同层次的市场购买行为,探讨了消费者行为的新特点,指出了针对消费行为新特点企业采取的有效营销策略,得出了企业根据市场变化制定相适应营销策略的重要意义。     

Country matters: Executives weigh in on the causes and counter measures of counterfeit trade

In this article, we present the findings of a study examining the exploding problem of counterfeit trade via the opinions of U.S. executives as compared to their counterparts from Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and Tahiti. Their responses provide insight as to how companies in different countries are attacking piracy and consumer complicity with counterfeit products. Per our study, executives in Australia, Tahiti, and the U.S. had similar perspectives: they viewed the seller as the main driver of counterfeit trade for reasons of profit. These executives perceived the demand for counterfeits as being driven by desirable product attributes and the ease of obtaining them. Likewise, they cited two anti-counterfeiting actions—site licenses and reduced price/rebates—as being able to reduce the demand for illicit products. In contrast, South African executives observed the main reason for piracy as weak enforcement of intellectual property (IP) and the lure of exorbitant profits, with little value in any anti-counterfeiting actions other than special packaging. These executives put forth that South African consumers are complicit due to limited education and low disposable income, and the ready availability of counterfeits. Executives from New Zealand were the most optimistic, believing that piracy and complicity can be reduced by many anti-counterfeiting actions, including special packaging, reducing price, emphasizing product benefits/warranties, stressing the harmful effects of using fake products, offering site licenses, and listing of authorized sellers.     

Preserving intellectual property rights: Managerial insight into the escalating counterfeit market quandary

The U.S. Customs and Border Protection reports that counterfeit goods seizures were up 83% in 2006. While a plethora of anti-counterfeiting strategies target distribution channels, international organizations, pirates, and company-based initiatives, few reports debate the effectiveness of these distinct anti-counterfeiting tactics to curb the problem. For this study we conducted in-depth interviews with United States managers to gauge the efficacy of various anti-counterfeiting tactics to preserve intellectual property rights. The results indicate that corporate managers find the practice of encouraging distributors to notify the manufacturer about counterfeits, as well as educating both employees and channel members about the counterfeit problem, to be some of the most effective ways to fight pirates. However, the managers report many other tactics are futile, including providing financial incentives for distributors to reject counterfeits and stressing the harmful effects of fake goods in advertising. We recommend a specific program that firms can employ to deter counterfeiting, including managing the registration of all trademarks and patents in key markets, establishing a company-based enforcement team, monitoring the growth of fakes through a central information repository, developing a muti-pronged action plan, and preparing to fight pirates through investigative work in conjunction with local law enforcement.     

Anticounterfeiting Strategies and Their Influence on Attitudes of Different Counterfeit Consumer Types

This article reports the findings of two studies that were designed to determine the effectiveness of several anticounterfeiting strategies on the counterfeit purchasing behavior of the participants, through a mixed methods research approach. In Study 1, in‐depth interviews were conducted with 50 consumers of counterfeit brands in order to investigate their attitudes. Drawing on the results, which revealed four different consumer types (struggle, spurious, indifferent, and liberated), Study 2 was undertaken with a further 128 consumers (32 from each type) to further define each group's type and identify the best anticounterfeit strategies suited to each. The findings suggest that counterfeit purchasing may be reduced if a specific strategy is adapted to suit each typology. Overall, positive rather than negative strategies were found to be more effective for the struggle and spurious consumers compared with indifferent and liberated consumers. The findings also reveal that the acquisition of affordable genuine merchandise may be the key to preventing counterfeit purchasing.     

Genuine brands or high quality counterfeits: An investigation of luxury consumption in China

This study examines the effects of different marketing and manufacturing factors on the perceived quality gap and willingness to pay (WTP) for genuine luxury brands. Using the survey data of 786 Chinese consumers, the results show that three marketing factors (product innovation, price promotion, and sales environment) and two manufacturing factors (production in country of brand origin and difficulty in producing the products) all indirectly influence WTP through a perceived quality gap between originals and counterfeits. These effects differ significantly among consumers with different counterfeit and genuine brand purchasing experiences. For consumers with counterfeit purchasing experience, it is important to emphasize the manufacturing factors in the marketing strategies; however, for consumers who only buy genuine brands, marketing factors play a more important role. Copyright © 2016 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Concurrent Ownership of Brands and Counterfeits: Conceptualization and Temporal Transformation from a Consumer Perspective

The aim of this paper is to shed light on consumers’ concurrent ownership of original and counterfeit versions of a brand, a phenomenon that is lively in the global market place but has thus far failed to attract adequate research attention. Using findings from eight focus group discussions, this paper investigates the relationships consumers have with brands and counterfeits when they own both at the same time, based on different object‐, self‐, and other‐centered engagements. Subsequently, three distinct consumer segments were identified that vary in their relationship trajectories over time. Along three established phases, a decline in purchasing of counterfeits can be observed; between Phases 1 and 2, this is due largely to negative emotional aspects, while making the transition to Phase 3 is always induced by a conflict with the social self. In all three segments the gap between the perceived and ideal social self widens, yet, once again, there are differences in the coping strategies.     

消费者心理特征对新产品购买的影响作用研究

消费者新产品购买意向对企业新产品开发和营销策划具有重要参考价值。在理论探讨和实证研究基础上 ,从消费者行为特征和产品特征两个方面 ,分析了新产品购买意向的主要影响因素和新产品购买意向强弱程度不同的消费者群体的主要特征。此外对新产品的营销策划提出了一些建议。     

Strategies to detect and reduce counterfeiting activity

While at one time counterfeit products were largely restricted to watches, designer apparel, and movies, today counterfeiting is a major problem in such diverse product categories as pharmaceuticals, automotive parts, and computer software. There are four distinct types of counterfeits: knockoffs, counterfeits that are reverse engineered from genuine goods, goods produced by outsourced suppliers on “third shifts,” and goods that do not meet a manufacturer's standards but are not properly labeled as seconds or destroyed. The quality of some counterfeits is so good that some major retailers have unknowingly purchased counterfeits. But while there are new forms of counterfeit goods, there are also new strategies for combating counterfeiting. This article describes how to detect and reduce counterfeiting activity, via a plan which consists of four steps: (1) developing early warning signals of counterfeiting; (2) budgeting to monitor, deter, and remove counterfeits; (3) using demand-side strategies to deter counterfeiting; and (4) using supply-side strategies to deter counterfeiting.     

Anti-counterfeiting advertisements for luxury brands in the post pandemic era: Roles of message type,visual presentation mode,and self-construal

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant increase in the demand for counterfeit luxury products, and the black market is expected to grow continuously in the post pandemic era. The present research aimed to examine how verbal and visual aspects of anti-counterfeiting advertising affect the purchase of counterfeit luxury brands. For the verbal element, we included two types of anti-counterfeiting messages: value-expressive and social-adjustive. For the visual element, two modes of visual presentation were compared; participants were presented either with images of counterfeit products only, or with images of both counterfeit and genuine products. The results from two experiments demonstrated that both variables interacted with consumers' self-construal in determining the effects of anti-counterfeiting advertising. Participants with independent self-construal expressed a lower intention to purchase counterfeit luxury products when a value-expressive message was used or when only an image of the counterfeit was included. In contrast, participants with interdependent self-construal exhibited a lower purchase intention when a social-adjustive message was utilized or when images of both the counterfeit and authentic brands were presented side-by-side. Moreover, anti-counterfeiting messages influenced participants’ purchase intentions through the perceptions of social-adjustive and value-expressive benefits, whereas the effect of presentation mode was mediated by the fluency experienced by the participants when processing the advertisement. Our research findings contribute theoretically to the literature on social motives, evaluation mode, comparative advertising, and self-construal, and will assist practitioners in developing effective communication strategies to reduce the consumption of counterfeit luxury brands.     

Purchasing Counterfeit and Legitimate Products in China: Social and Psychological Correlates and Predictors

Actual purchases of counterfeit and legitimate (brand-name) products in China were studied, with dissimilar variables found to predict the different types of purchases. Buying counterfeits correlated positively with self-monitoring, need for dominance, face-work, risk-taking, and worry about inflation but negatively with perfectionism. Regression analysis revealed that need for dominance, risk-taking, and worry about inflation predicted purchasing counterfeits. Buying legitimates correlated positively with self-monitoring, need for dominance, self-esteem, and perfectionism, but negatively with worry about inflation. Regression analyses found that self-monitoring and perfectionism predicted purchasing legitimates. A separate regression found that purchasing counterfeits was a negative predictor of receiving esteem from others.     

Assessing demand reduction measures for rhino horn consumption

A review of studies that segmented consumers based on their willingness to consume rhino horn are given to identify the various motivational drivers and deterrents of illegal wildlife consumption in China and Vietnam. Medicinal motivations are the most significant stimuli for both Vietnamese and Chinese consumers who believe that the horn treats ailments. A review of campaigns that were developed to generate an awareness of the plight of this endangered species is conducted to highlight the problems of the celebrity-product degree of fit and eclipsing in the advertisements. We recommend that additional consumer behavior research on demand-reduction strategies for rhino horn should examine gateway behaviors that initiate consumption; evaluate the viability of diverting demand to substitute products (e.g., synthetic alternatives); investigate the counterfeit market for rhino horn and draw analogies from anticounterfeiting messages to decrease demand for an illicit product; and employ benchmarks to implement and assess the validity of campaigns targeted at Asian consumers to decrease demand. A few research methods are suggested based on the recommendations for future research.