Largest shareholder and dividend policy around the world

This paper examines the interaction between the largest shareholder and dividend policy in a sample of 8,279 listed firms drawn from 37 countries. We find that firms are more likely to pay dividends when profitability is high, debt is low, investment opportunities are limited or when the largest shareholder is not an insider. Further, the magnitude of dividend payout tends to be smaller when the largest shareholder is either an insider or a financial institution. It is also apparent that largest shareholding and dividend payout are related and that, consistent with the extant literature, legal system does matter in dividend policy decisions.     

Optimal dividend strategies with time-inconsistent preferences

This paper studies the optimal dividend strategies of an insurance company when the manager has time-inconsistent preferences. We consider the problem for a naive manager and a sophisticated manager, and analytically derive the optimal dividend strategies when claim sizes follow an exponential distribution. Our results show that the manager with time-inconsistent preferences tends to pay out dividends earlier than her time-consistent counterpart and that the sophisticated manager is more inclined to pay out dividends than the naive manager. Furthermore, we extend these results to the case with claim sizes following a mixed exponential distribution, and provide a numerical analysis to reveal the sensitivity of the optimal dividend strategies to changes in the premium, claims and surplus volatility.     

Management in social enterprises: the influence of the use of strategic tools in business performance

If social enterprises are to be competitive in the marketplace, they must use Strategic Management tools to improve efficiency, while maintaining their effectiveness levels. They can achieve this goal by introducing new management methods that make use of innovation. The aim of the current study was to analyze the effect of the use of management tools in social enterprises, referred to here as Social Management, on the effectiveness and efficiency levels of these enterprises. From a sample of 129 work integration social enterprises (WISEs), this study shows the existence of a statistically significant relationship between the application of Strategic Management tools, more commonly found in for-profit organizations, and the effectiveness and efficiency of WISEs in the social economy. The influence of the use of these tools was found to be positive in the case of social effectiveness (improving the employment rate) but negative in the case of economic effectiveness (profitability).     

具有奖励机制与再保险安排的最优保险合约设计

在保险合约中引入奖励机制可以使投保人动态参与到保险合约中,赋予了投保人在面对索赔事件时是否执行索赔的可选择权,改变了传统保险合约中投保人执行索赔的单一权利,但却增加了保险人潜在的流动性风险。保险合约中再保险的安排则可以对冲由于奖励机制产生的潜在流动性风险,进一步分散保险人的风险,有助于保险人稳健经营。基于此,通过建立具有红利奖励机制与再保险安排的最优保险合约设计模型,最终求解得到最优保险合约是具有最优免赔额形式的保险合约。利用算例研究方法进行建模,研究结果显示,最优保险合约中的最优免赔额与奖励机制中的红利奖励之间具有正向关系,保费、自留额与最优免赔额之间则存在着显著的负向关系。     

Corporate cash holdings and dividend payments: evidence from simultaneous analysis

This study explores the simultaneous relationship between corporate cash holdings and dividend policy using a large sample of around 400 non‐financial firms for the period from 1991 to 2008. The results show that cash holdings are affected by dividends, leverage, growth, size, risk, profitability, and working capital ratio. Dividend policy is affected by cash, leverage, growth, size, risk, and profit. When controlling for simultaneity, dividend payments do not appear to significantly affect cash holdings, nor do cash holdings affect dividend policy. The empirical analysis suggests that simultaneity is crucial in analyzing corporate cash holdings and dividend policy. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

上市公司财务能力与持续现金股利政策的实证分析——基于沪深A股数据

本文以1999年￣2004年连续派发现金股利的沪深A股上市公司为样本,分析了上市公司盈利能力、长期偿债能力、获取现金能力和发展能力对持续现金股利政策的影响程度。研究结果表明:在持续现金股利政策下,上市公司实现的盈利约有40%作为现金股利派发给了股东;而上市公司长期偿债能力、获取现金能力和发展能力对其持续现金股利政策无显著影响。     

强制分红政策与公司代理成本:博弈模型与DID检验

不同于公司自觉的现金分红行为，强制分红政策在矫正公司分红行为的同时，会激起高管的消极抵制，所以它能否有效降低公司代理成本，尚难预料。为此，建立了一个混合策略完全信息静态博弈，说明了强制分红政策影响代理成本的作用机制，并将2011年出台的强制分红政策视为一个准自然实验，实证检验强制分红政策能否降低上市公司的代理成本。实证研究发现，强制分红政策能够显著抑制企业的代理成本。异质性检验结果表明，相对于中小板和微股利的上市公司而言，强制分红政策可以更加显著地降低那些主板上市公司和正常发放股利的公司的代理成本。研究结果不仅支持了股利代理成本理论，而且为进一步完善公司股利政策和保护中小股东权益提供了经验证据。     

Profit-sharing and financial performance in the Chinese state enterprises: Evidence from panel data

This paper examines the effects of incentives in employee remuneration on financial performance in a sample of Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs) during the late 1980s and early 1990s. The estimates show that bonus payments as a form of profit-sharing between employees and the state have positive effects on both the total factor productivity and profitability of the sample SOEs. Moreover, the actual level of bonus payments is found to be lower than the optimal level which a competitive firm would set to maximise profits. These results suggest that profit-sharing introduced in Chinese state-owned enterprises as one of the centrepieces of economic reforms over the last decade has been effective.We wish to thank participants at the Seventh Annual Conference of the Chinese Economic Association (UK) in December 1995 and an anonymous referee for comments. The paper has also benefited from the comments by participants at the STICERD Lunchtime Seminar, the London school of Economics. The financial support from ESRC (grant no. L324253025) is gratefully acknowledged.     

Firm performance and ownership structure: Dynamic network data envelopment analysis approach

This paper applies dynamic network slacks-based data envelopment analysis to measure financial performance based on the interrelationship among investment, financing, and dividend decisions. The empirical results show that financial performance is determined simultaneously by the efficiency of decisions, and sample firms have good performance in investment stage, but need to improve their financing and dividend policies. The proposal financial performance measure explains the multicriteria of decision-making rather than the single financial ratios. Besides, the research contributes a novel on the significant relationship between firm's ownership structure in the form of managers, government and foreign shareholders, and the firm's financial performance.     

配股政策的经济后果研究

本文将配股政策分为大股东认购比例、配股比例、治理结构、股利政策、投资政策五个方面,采用OLS模型、Logistic模型检验政策对企业行为特征及经营绩效的影响进行了分析研究。结果发现:配股比例高的企业融资后业绩更差;大股东认购可以明显减少企业的业绩下滑;无论什么原因造成的资金用途变更,均会造成企业业绩的显著下滑;配股后发放股利的企业比不发放股利的企业业绩好;关联交易、大股东资金侵占对企业产生负面影响。     

乡镇企业税收负担、利润水平与农民非农就业——基于协整分析方法

利用1978年至2009年的乡镇企业有关数据,采用协整检验方法、误差修正模型和Granger因果关系检验方法,对乡镇企业税收负担、利润水平与农民非农就业三者之间的相互关系进行实证研究,结果表明:三者之间存在显著的长期均衡关系;安置就业和税收负担在短期内影响企业盈利情况;安置就业与企业盈利在长期内互为Granger因果关系.因此,国家应综合采取税收优惠、金融支持与政府培训等政策,以提高乡镇企业盈利水平和扩大农民非农就业.     

The long-term performance following dividend initiations and resumptions revisited

Previous studies have documented that an announcement of dividend initiation and resumption is associated with an increase in stock price, while Boehme and Sorescu (J Finance 47:871–900, 2002) argue that the dividend anomaly only occurs by chance. However, their sample contains firms listed within 3 and/or 5 years of their respective initial public offering (IPO) dates, as well as regulated firms. We conjecture that the confounding effects of IPOs and regulated firms may interfere with the increase in stock prices due to dividend initiations and resumptions and bias their results. We thus reexamine the long-term stock performance following dividend initiations and resumptions by excluding newly IPO firms and regulated firms. We find no evidence that the non-robust positive price drifts for firms, which initiate or resume cash dividends, is due to the confounding effects of IPOs and regulated firms. Therefore the price drifts after dividend initiation and resumption announcements may be a sample-specific result of chance, even after controlling for possible sample selection biases.     

如何降低配送成本

随着近年来企业竞争的日益加剧和企业赢利能力的不断降低,许多企业已经意识到提升经营水平的重要性,物流管理作为企业经营管理的重要组成部分,如何加强、优化企业配送管理,最大限度地降低企业物流配送成本,创造企业"第三利润源泉",成为企业维系生存和发展的关键。     

Optimal Dividend Payment Strategy under Stochastic Interest Force

This paper attempts to study the optimal dividend barrier strategy in risk analysis of an insurance company under stochastic discount interest. Based on stochastic perturbation methodology, we first describe the random of interest by Wiener Process and Poisson process and yield some theoretical results satisfied by optimal dividend barrier. In the case of an exponential individual claim distribution, a group of barrier values are obtained. Meanwhile we also discuss the effect of stochastic interest on the barrier by data analysis and direct interpretations about interest models. It is found that the barrier is more sensitive to constant interest force than other parameters in interest model and the effect of diffusion coefficient on barrier is less sensitive than that of Poisson coefficient. These all provide insights into the effect of stochastic interest on the optimal barrier, and show the importance of introducing stochastic interest. Finally, we propose several meaningful and follow-up problems, for example, changing the criterion of finding the optimal barrier and discussing under more extended risk models.     

Does it pay to venture abroad? Exporting behavior and the performance of firms in Indian industry

Using contemporary data for a firm-level sample of over 600 Indian firms, this paper investigates the impact that an export-orientation has on the profitability of the firms studied. The results, based on a two-stage least squares method, establish a positive and significant relationship between firms' levels of exports and profitability. For firms from developing and transition economies like India it does pay to venture abroad, and the ability to sell goods overseas has a significant impact on firms' economic performance. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Guest Editors' Introduction

abstract    In this introductory article to the Special Issue we make a case for the study of 'field-configuring events' (FCEs). We begin with a discussion of the nature and character of FCEs. We next situate the study of FCEs in the context of ongoing research addressing the growth and evolution of institutional, organizational, and professional fields. We follow this with an overview of the relationship between FCEs and the evolution of fields, paying particular attention to how FCEs link field evolution at the macro level with individual action at the micro level. We then examine the unique methodological advantages that the study of FCEs offers to researchers who are interested in studying dynamic field processes. We conclude with a summary of the five papers that make up this Special Issue.     

上市公司股权结构与股利政策相关性实证分析——西北五省区的数据

本文以2002年~2004年西北五省区有股利分配的上市公司作为样本,采用多元回归分析方法,验证股权结构自变量与股利之间的线性关系,用非线性回归方法检验未通过线性关系检验的自变量与股利之间的关系。结果发现,西北五省区股利偏低,股东对现金股利有不同偏好。     

Environmental self-regulation for sustainable development: Can internal carbon pricing enhance financial performance?

Internal carbon pricing is an innovative self-regulation mechanism where companies set their own carbon prices on business operations to mitigate climate risk and achieve sustainable development. While internal carbon pricing has gained popularity among multinational enterprises, its firm-level impact is underexplored. This research provides novel theoretical and empirical evidence on how the internal carbon price as a cost component can contribute to profitability growth. We construct a panel dataset of 132 multinational enterprises across Europe, North America, and Asia by tracking their use of internal carbon pricing from 2013 to 2017 based on their records at the Carbon Disclosure Project. To address endogeneity bias, we employ propensity score matching method on a fixed-effects model. Results indicate that using internal carbon pricing can increase return on assets by 1.1%. Firms with internal carbon prices are more likely to reduce cost of goods sold to improve return on assets. Our study suggests that internal carbon pricing as environmental self-regulation can generate profitability gains through cost reduction. The research also points out the potential of voluntary internal carbon pricing to complement command-and-control carbon pricing regulations.     

Optimal dividend policy with random interest rates

Several recent papers have studied the impact of macroeconomic shocks on the financial policies of firms. However, they only consider the case where these macroeconomic shocks affect the profitability of firms but not the financial markets conditions. We study the polar case where the profitability of firms is stationary, but interest rates and issuance costs are governed by an exogenous Markov chain. We characterize the optimal dividend policy and show that these two macroeconomic factors have opposing effects: all things being equal, firms distribute more dividends when interest rates are high and less when issuing costs are high.     

企业盈利能力评价指标完善及综合运用浅析

以提高投资者运用企业盈利能力评价指标指导其决策的有效性为基础,讨论了现行主要的企业盈利能力评价指标,初步分析了现有盈利指标计算方式本身存在的缺陷,提出了改进后的盈利指标计算公式,介绍了以权责发生制为基础获得的盈利能力指标的不足,设计了基于现金收付制的新的盈利指标,浅析了运用财务信息分析企业盈利能力的局限性,引出了评价企业盈利能力的部分非财务性指标。