“法人管项目”下的采购管理

强化制度设计,突出集中采购的出发点与落脚点 完善机制、建立制度,是顺利推行设备物资集中采购的前提.法人层面的设备物资集中采购打破了原有的利益格局,实践中往往会遭到项目部某些小利益团体的抵制.要想顺利推行设备物资集中采购,施工企业就必须利用法人权利,完善机制、建立制度,上收设备物资集中采购权.     

电力物资招标采购的风险与防范

正电力物资招标采购具有投资大、种类多、质量要求高、采购规模大等特点,电力生产过程中,电力物资采购资金占到了总投资的40%。近年来,随着我国政府逐渐加大电网建设的力度,电力物资的招标采购工作也越来越受到重视,招标采购过程也日益规范。但是从整体来看,部分电力企业在物资采购的过程中仍然存在一些风险,建立一套科学健全的采购风险防控机制,能够消除管理盲区、流程漏洞和薄弱环节,成为电力企业目前共同     

广东省农网建设与改造工程设备材料采购管理办法

一、为了适应全省农村电网建设与改造工程设备采购量大、采购周期短、采购要求高的特点,有效控制电力物资价格,保证设备材料质量,进一步加强电力物资采购管理,规范电力物资采购行为,以确保我省农村电网建设与改造任务如期完成,特制定广东省农网建设与改造工程设备材料采购...     

加强电力企业物资采购管理的思考

电力工业是与装备水平有密切关系的行业,电力生产、建设过程中的主要环节都是通过设备、材料这些物资来实现的,电力物资采购工作的好坏,直接影响到电力生产成本和电力建设工程造价,关系到电力生产的安全稳定与经济运行,关系到电力企业整体经济效益和社会效益的提高。电力企业必须正确制定物资定额和编制物资供应计划,实行招标采购,规范物资采购行为,不断提高物资采购管理水平,以促进安全生产,降低成本,提高效益。     

针对电力行业特点搞好物资采购

电力工业是一个与装备水平有密切关系的行业,电力建设、生产过程中的主要环节都是通过材料、设备这些“物资”来实现的。物资采购工作的好坏将直接影响电力生产的安全,以及电力生产建设的成本、造价,关系到电力企业整体经济效益的提高。因此,搞好电力物资采购至关重要。笔者结合工作实际,就目前电力物资采购方式,作一浅谈,以飨同仁。 　　一、常规采购 　　这是物资采购管理中基本的、常用的方法,具有整体优势,即大宗材料、基建设备、技改工程、重要进口部件,要求高、总金额大的物资,可由国家电力公司、 (网 )省公司组织 (或指导…     

对电力物资改制的几点建议

据笔者调查,当前电力公司物资改制的模式大体分为两种:一是成立省电力物资有限责任公司,在各地市电力局设配送站。实行集中采购、统一配送,其采购范围与省公司的资金流同步;二是成立省电力物资有限责任公司,在各地市电力局设分公司,县供电局设配送站。实行集中采购、统一配送、分级管理,其采购范围与省公司的资金流同步。一、电力物资改制所取得的成效和存在的问题(一)电力物资改制所取得的成效。打破了条块分割、各自为政的管理格局,库存共享,规模效益得以体现,节约了电力企业的生产成本;机构精简,降低了人工成本;实现了物流与资金流同步这…     

推行集体决策实现阳光采购

电力企业要充分重视和加强物资采购管理,掌握物资采购计划,全面推行物资采购招标管理。通过建立集体决策的物资采购管理机制,使物资采购管理全过程都在电力企业领导、纪委、法律事务部门和全体员工的监督之下,杜绝暗箱操作,做到物资采购不违法、不违纪、不违规,这就是物资阳光采购。一、提高对物资阳光采购的认识,统一思想保障电力企业安全生产运行,除了按设备操作规程运行以外,对所采购物资的质量要求也极为严格。加强物资采购管理,提高物资采购质量,有利于从源头进行控制,保证电力企业的安全生产,提高企业的综合效益。近年来,电力物资在生…     

应加快试行区域协同采购暨联合储备

区域协同采购暨联合储备是目前国内外企业推行的一种崭新的物流管理方式，它依托企业的地域及资源优势，实施企业间的物资采购及储备的横向联合。在物资采购方面，通过集中物资需求，凸显采购规模，能降低采购价格；     

五项措施促集约化管理

<正>过去,县供电企业在自行物资采购方面没有集中物资采购权和明确职责分啊,导致采购程序不规范,招投标推行力度不够,造成物资库存积压,周转缓慢或假冒伪劣产品流进企业,造成许多损失和浪费。这种传统的物资管理体     

电网企业电力物资采购风险管理

根据电力物资采购风险的形成机理对风险进行分类,识别出主要的风险因素。在风险识别的基础上,评估各风险因素发生的程度、可能性、可控性和可预见性,明确了电网企业风险管理的重点,并制定了电力物资采购风险的总体对策和具体应对方法。     

Opportunity Cost Pass‐Through from Fossil Fuel Market Prices to Procurement Costs of the U.S. Power Producers

This paper investigates the transmission of fossil fuel commodity spot market price changes to procurement costs of U.S. power producers. We measure and compare the speed and magnitude with which spot prices predict procurement costs using restricted access fuel price data. Natural gas spot prices are quickly reflected in procurement costs. Coal spot prices offer very little predictive power to coal procurement costs. Although not causal, the empirical results also show differences across regulatory status. These findings may have implications for the electricity market deregulation literature that creates marginal cost curves as a competitive benchmark.     

电力物资采购过程中风险的产生与控制

分析了物资采购过程中各种风险产生的原因,以及如何在具体经济活动中通过有效的预防手段,尽量避免这些风险,加强合同管理,提高物资采购风险防范意识,降低企业成本,使企业效益最大化。     

The home bias in procurement. Cross-border procurement of medical supplies during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Public procurement markets are often national despite a general agreement against national preferencing. I exploit shocks occurring during the Covid-19 pandemic to two important factors, crisis urgency, measured through local infection rates, and increased buyer discretion, to study home bias in public procurement. Two causal difference-in-difference analyses on novel data for medical supplies in Europe show that home bias is not inevitable. An increase in local infection rates by one standard deviation locally increases the share of cross-border procurement by 19.3 percentage points over a baseline of 1.5 percent. Also, deregulation that allowed for buyer discretion caused cross-border procurement to increase by more than 35 percentage points. A simple theoretical model systematizes these findings.     

VERTICAL CONTRACTING WHEN COMPETITION FOR ORDERS PRECEDES PROCUREMENT*

This paper reverses the standard order between input supply negotiations and downstream competition and assumes that competition for orders takes place prior to procurement of inputs in a vertical chain. It is found that oligopolistically competitive outcomes will result despite the presence of an upstream monopolist. Here, vertical integration is a means by which the monopolist can leverage its market power downstream to the detriment of consumers. However, it does so, not by foreclosing on independent downstream firms, but by softening the competitive behaviour of its own integrated units.     

Financial and operational decisions in the electricity sector: Contract portfolio optimization with the conditional value-at-risk criterion

The restructuring of electricity markets around the world have caused increased volatility and uncertainty of the price power. As a result, providers of power now face increased uncertainty and risk in the operational and financial decisions related to procurement. Providers must seek optimal ways to deliver the required volume of power to retailers and end users while managing risk. We consider a mixed-integer programming model for a power providing agent that jointly considers the problem of selecting custom electricity contracts and finding the optimal procurement strategy of meeting contract obligations under spot price uncertainty. A two-stage stochastic integer programming (SIP) model with a conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) constraint to incorporate risk aversion is developed. Computational results are presented that demonstrates the CVaR approach and the results are compared with a corresponding expected cost minimization approach. The SIP model with CVaR will allow acceptance of contracts at lower prices compared to an approach based on a corresponding risk-neutral model as a hedge against uncertainty and mis-specified arbitrage.     

Strategic procurement, openness and market structure

We examine strategic procurement behaviour by governments and its effect on market structure in sectors, such as defence and pharmaceuticals, where the government is the dominant consumer. In a world economy with trade between producer countries, and between producers and non-producers, we use a modified Dixit–Stiglitz utility function with an independent taste for variety. There is free entry and exit by firms, but by anticipating their participation constraint governments can indirectly choose the number of domestic firms and their size through its choice of procurement price. Unlike the standard model with no independent taste for variety and no external sector of non-producer countries, there are incentives for subsidies, openness impacts on industrial structure and procurement coordination between producer countries affects firm numbers.     

Kurzfristige Kehrtwende bei der Beschaffung neu zu errichtender Anlagen für die Netzreserve in Deutschland

Shortly before the decision of the Electricity Market Law on June 22, 2016 took place, the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi) changed its mind with respect to the procurement of new power plants for the German grid reserve. Other than originally planned, this is no longer organized via a competitive bidding process. Instead, the responsibility for the procurement will be transferred to the transmission system operators, which therefore face the challenge of implementing an appropriate procurement mechanism. This paper presents an economic explanation for this short-term change. Our analysis reveals that the proposed transfer of the concept for the procurement of spare capacity to the procurement of the grid reserve was not appropriate. The bidders would have been exposed to significant risks, in particular due to high cost and calculation uncertainties, which are also critical with respect to the achievement of the objectives of the grid reserve. Therefore, we consider the decision of refusing the original procurement concept as the right step, although we consider a competitive procedure advantageous. However, such a procedure has to take the special requirements of the grid reserve into account. Yet this problem remains even after the transfer of responsibility from the BMWi to the transmission system operators.     

生态标志与政府绿色采购探析

研究生态标志与政府绿色采购的关系,探讨出两者有效结合于绿色产品、环境保护和世贸规则,基于此提出当前中国政府加强绿色采购应该在法律规则、生态标志计划、绿色标准和全社会意识方面采取措施。     

Optimal sequential auctions

Sequential sealed first-price and open descending-price procurement auctions are studied. We examine which procurement auction rule achieves the low procurement cost. We show that the answer to this policy question depends on whether the items are complements or substitutes. With substitutes, the first-price procurement auction is preferred, while with complements, the open descending-price procurement auction is preferred. We also illustrate the procurement cost minimizing auction and the auction rule preferred by the bidders. With substitutes, bidders prefer the open descending-price procurement auction, while with complements bidders prefer the first-price procurement auction.