国际电子商务对传统国际贸易的影响

目前国际电子商务作为国际贸易的新手段正在全球范围内广泛使用，这种全新的国际贸易方式的发展一方面深刻地改变了传统国际贸易运作方式，另一方面也成为推动国际贸易发展的又一重要力量，使国际贸易的许多方面发生了令人瞩目的积极变化。     

技术壁垒下我国的战略选择

目前，技术壁垒正在成为国际贸易中影响市场准入的越来越重要的手段。从国际贸易实践看，技术性贸易壁垒已成为取代传统的关税和非关税壁垒的新贸易壁垒。加入WTO后，我国出口贸易遭遇了国际贸易技术壁垒的严峻挑战。对此，我们必须采取积极的应对策略。     

中国:迎接网络贸易时代

目前，国际贸易正在发生着深刻的变革，这就是国际贸易正从传统贸易向网络贸易转化。所谓“网络贸易”是指通过电讯网络特别是因特网而进行的贸易。越来越多的事实证明，国际网络贸易正在迅速地增长。１９９１年全球入网的电脑还不足５００万台，而到本世纪末将达到３亿台...     

蓝色贸易壁垒对我国的影响及其对策

一、蓝色贸易壁垒：一种新型的国际贸易壁垒 随着国际贸易的发展和贸易自由化程度的提高，关税已经大幅度下降，一些传统非关税堡垒也在逐步地被消除和规范。与此同时，一些发达国家正在利用与发展中国家之间的经济水平、教育文化和道德标准的差异，构筑起一种新型的、更为隐蔽的国际贸易壁垒。     

我国禽肉产品遭遇的技术性贸易壁垒及对策建议

随着世界经济全球化和国际贸易投资自由化的迅速发展，国际贸易中的关税壁垒正在逐步取消，配额等传统的非关税壁垒的限制也日益缩小。但是，各国和地区在生产、经营、管理上技术标准、技术水平、技术传统上的不同形成了“技术性贸易壁垒”，正逐渐成为我国出口贸易的主要障碍。     

制度性国际贸易壁垒论

<国际贸易>教科书将贸易措施划分为关税壁垒措施和非关税壁垒措施,忽视了制度性国际贸易壁垒措施;传统的国际贸易壁垒理论仅认为关税壁垒是"合法"的,忽视了国际贸易制度的"合法"性.事实上国际贸易壁垒,正在向制度化方向发展,制度性贸易壁垒已经成为国际贸易措施的主流.     

挑战绿色壁垒 增强我国产品国际竞争力

随着经济全球一体化进程的加剧，传统的关税与非关税壁垒等阻碍国际贸易的措施正在逐步地降低和取消；而以保护资源，环境和人类健康为名的绿色壁垒等新贸易保护主义又有上升的势头，延缓了当前国际贸易的快速发展。本着重对我国如何突破绿色壁垒，增强国际竞争力做些探讨。     

国际贸易新规则:重构的关键期

正随着经济全球化深入发展,国际贸易模式发生了深刻变化,并且随之出现了更为复杂的贸易关系。为应对国际贸易的结构性变革,许多新议题摆上贸易议程,预示着国际贸易规则正在酝酿重大变革。国际金融危机加快了全球经贸规则调整与重构的步伐。以美欧为代表的发达国家正在通过自贸协定、诸边协议等路径,全力主导新一代全球经贸规则的制定权,以引领未来国际经济新秩序的走向。一、一场新的国际贸易     

浅谈国际贸易学研究对象的深化和拓展

随着国际贸易学不断地发展和完善,其研究对象正在逐步深化和拓展,已经不再拘泥于过去的"理论、政策、实务"模式。本文在在简述国际贸易关系的产生、发展历史的基础上,着重论述了国际贸易学研究对象的深化和拓展问题。     

论我国商业银行国际贸易融资风险及防控对策

目前,我国经济正朝着国际化的方向发展,其中国际贸易融资业务占商业银行业务的比例正在逐年增加。由于我国商业银行从事国际贸易融资业务起步相对较晚,缺乏风险管理方面的经验,导致了我国商业银行国际贸易融资存在了一定的风险。本文将结合我国商业银行国际贸易融资的风险管理现状,研究分析贸易融资过程中存在的风险,并就风险提出几点防控对策。     

产品内贸易对国际贸易的影响

随着全球化发展的不断深入,国际贸易领域出现了许多新的重大变化,其中最令人瞩目的是全球性生产网络的建立和产品内贸易的不断增长.产品内分工基础上的产品内贸易的发展对于发达国家和发展中国家都具有重要影响,它拓宽了经济开放国家或地区的国际贸易参与度,但处在产品内国际分工不同生产环节的企业所荻收益却并非一致.     

标准化对中国出口贸易的影响效应——基于局部均衡的分析

由于技术差距的存在,中国出口贸易产品的技术标准普遍低于美、日、欧等发达国家,因此,标准化对中国出口贸易的影响显著。从局部均衡的角度分析短期和长期的不同影响效应发现：在短期内,标准化对中国的出口贸易效应主要是负面的,表现为贸易限制效应、贸易转移效应和贸易条件效应;而在长期情况下,如果企业能够积极改进,不断创新,那么标准化对中国的贸易会产生积极的促进效应,贸易量会增加,同时贸易条件也会得到改善。     

绿色贸易壁垒与我国对外贸易的发展

绿色贸易壁垒阻碍着国际贸易的发展，也严重冲击着我国的外贸出口。为保证我国外贸出口在加入WTO后的新形势下持续发展，必须在深入研究绿色贸易壁垒产生的背景及其形式和特征的基础上，通过采取提高国民绿色经济意识，增加科技投入，发展绿色生态产业，开发绿色产品，加快环境管理系列标志认证工作，实行绿色管理以及借助国际力量抵制贸易垒等措施，以进一步扩大出口。     

Bilateral Trade Agreements and the Feasibility of Multilateral Free Trade

We studied how the pursuit of bilateral free‐trade agreements (FTAs) affects the likelihood of achieving multilateral free trade. We derive and compare the stable Nash equilibria of two games of trade liberalization: in the FTA game, each country can either form an FTA with one of its trading partners or both of them or none of them, whereas in the (restricted) No FTA game, purely bilateral FTAs are not permitted. The major result is that there exist circumstances under which the freedom to pursue (discriminatory) bilateral FTAs is necessary for achieving multilateral free trade.     

Trade Gains when the Opportunity to Trade Changes the State of Information

J. S. Mill suggested that the destruction of old preferences and their replacement by new are among the greatest benefits imparted by free trade. However, Mill's argument relied on a possibly controversial ethical judgment. The present note approaches the question posed by Mill with only the conventional Paretian ethical baggage, and shows that, if all agents are rational in a sense to be made clear and if the wellbeing of each agent is independent of irrelevant alternatives, then trade is potentially gainful.     

Terms of Trade Indices in the Presence of Re-Export Trade*

This paper shows how the index of the commodity terms of trade as ordinarily constructed should be adjusted to take account of re-exports in the broad sense of the use of intermediate inputs in export activities which had been imported. The neglect of this adjustment produces indices which generally overstate the movement of the terms of trade. An empirical study of Singapore suggests that the bias may be substantial.     

NAFTA and the Realignment of Textile and Apparel Trade: Trade Creation or Trade Diversion?*

A modified version of the partial‐equilibrium gravity model, originally proposed by Fukao et al. (2003 ), is employed to investigate the changing pattern of US textile trade. We use US Bilateral Manufacturing Imports and Exports data for 1989–2001 to assess the impact of labor wages, tariffs, and exchange rates on the composition of US textile imports before and after the creation of NAFTA. The analysis is performed at the SIC two‐digit industry level and the more disaggregated four‐digit sector level. We find little evidence of trade diversion in textiles frequently attributed to NAFTA, while trade creation is clearly present. Furthermore, lower wages in some textile‐exporting countries (e.g. countries in Asia) do not appear to significantly increase these countries' shares of US textile imports at the expense of other trading partners. However, variations in currency exchange rates and tariffs have substantial effects on the composition of US imports.     

Trade Blocs and Trade Wars during the Interwar Period

What precisely were the causes and consequences of the trade wars in the 1930s? Were there perhaps deeper forces at work in reorienting global trade prior to the outbreak of World War II? And what lessons may this particular historical episode provide for the present day? To answer these questions, we distinguish between long‐run secular trends in the period from 1920 to 1939 related to the formation of trade blocs and short‐run disruptions associated with the trade wars of the 1930s. We argue that the trade wars mainly served to intensify pre‐existing efforts toward the formation of trade blocs which dated from at least 1920. More speculatively, we argue that the trade wars of the present day may serve a similar purpose as those in the 1930s, that is, the intensification of China‐ and US‐centric trade blocs.     

多边贸易体制下环境与贸易政策的结合

国际社会对全球环境危机的真实关切使世界贸易组织面临协调环境保护和自由贸易的任务。《建立世界贸易组织》前言第一次明确将可持续发展确立为新的多边贸易体制的基本原则和宗旨。本文首先论证了只有当环境政策和贸易自由化共同发展的时候，贸易才能对环境产生积极的影响，然后说明世界贸易组织的机制使环境和贸易政策的结合成为可能，最后介绍了世界贸易组织有关环境与贸易政策结合的法律与实践，并分析了存在的问题。