影响中国电子行业出口决定因素的经验分析

本文利用中国电子工业子行业面板数据实证分析1999—2002年期间该行业出口的决定因素,特别是外商直接投资(FDI)的作用。我们发现FDI尤其是来自港澳台的FDI和规模经济对出口有正向作用。我们同时发现国有资本份额与出口负向相关,而资本密集度、研发和人力资本并不是影响中国电子行业出口的重要因素,表明中国的电子企业大多仍处于国际产品分工链的低端。本文有两个原创性贡献:第一是区分不同国别(地区)FDI对中国电子产品出口影响的差异,并发现港澳台地区资本较西方国家资本对中国电子产品出口影响更大;第二是发现劳动力成本水平因素影响FDI对出口作用程度的大小。这些结果具有重要的政策涵义。     

出口产品反倾销预警支持系统研究

自加入WTO组织后,我国部分出口产品数量出现了大幅上升,同时国外对我国出口产品的反倾销也接连不断.因此,加快建立中国出口产品反倾销预警监测体系,将对我国经济的健康发展和安全保障具有十分重要的作用.本文以我国出口产品的自身特点和反倾销法律的实践为基础,结合政治、经济社会等因素,构建了我国出口产品反倾销阶段预警系统,旨在为出口产品预警监测探索较为科学的理论依据.     

Intellectual property rights, technology transfer and exports in developing countries

We develop a model to analyze one mechanism under which stronger intellectual property rights (IPR) protection may improve the ability of firms in developing countries to break into export markets. A Northern firm with a superior process technology chooses either exports or technology transfer through licensing as its mode of supplying the Southern market, based on local IPR policy. Given this decision, the North and South firms engage in Cournot competition in both markets. We find that stronger IPR would enhance technology transfer through licensing and reduce the South firm's marginal production cost, thereby increasing its exports. Welfare in the South would rise (fall) if that country has high (low) absorptive capacity. Excessively strong IPR diminish competition and welfare, however. Adding foreign direct investment as an additional channel of technology transfer sustains these basic messages.     

Does a “survival-by-exporting” effect for SMEs exist?

The trade literature has long discussed the existence of some benefits attributed to exporting (learning-by-exporting), among others, the improvement in survival chances. This paper examines whether exporting SMEs enjoy better survival prospects than non-exporting SMEs. We investigate the determinants of survival of exporting and non-exporting SMEs and explore whether the exporting behaviour plays a significant role in explaining their probability of exit. For this purpose, we estimate discrete time proportional hazard models that account for unobserved individual heterogeneity. The dataset is a sample of Spanish manufacturing SMEs drawn from the Encuesta sobre Estrategias Empresariales (ESEE) for 1990–2002. After controlling for firm, industry and economy characteristics, we find evidence supporting the existence of a sizeable “surviving-by-exporting” effect. That is, exporting SMEs face a significantly lower probability of failure than non-exporters.     

近年高新技术产品出口呈现的新特点与发展策略选择

近年来,我国高新技术产品出口大幅度增长,并呈现出诸多新特点。当前高新技术产品出口面临新的机遇与挑战。如何克服新的困难,保持健康持续发展的势头,关键在于选择正确的策略。     

出口产品反倾销预警的经济学研究

反倾销是我国出口产品在当前和今后相当长一段时间内面临的严峻考验 ,本文将反倾销区分为提起反倾销调查申请、立案调查和裁定倾销三个过程 ,对提起反倾销调查申请的主体、提起反倾销调查申请的时机进行了分析 ,并对进口国企业提起反倾销调查申请的原因 ,以及政府裁定倾销进行了研究 ,提出了反倾销预警的方法。     

Export-led Growth in South Asia: A Panel Cointegration Analysis

Abstract

In this paper, we attempt to examine the export-led and manufacturing export-led growth hypothesis for four South Asian Countries; namely, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, using Pedroni’s panel cointegration technique for the period 1980–2002. In this context we estimate growth accounting equations to investigate the impact of exports, manufacturing exports and other important physical and human capital variables on both total GDP and non-export GDP. The study finds long-run equilibrium relationship between GDP (and non-export GDP) and exports along with other variables supporting export-led growth hypothesis. The results also substantiate the existence of manufacturing export-led growth hypothesis. Further, we find that export, fixed capital formation, public expenditure on health and education have statistically significant coefficients re-emphasizing the importance of these variables for higher economic growth.     

中国出口贸易与内生经济增长——基于结构视角的实证分析

本文从出口结构视角重新审视了改革开放以来中国迅速增长的出口贸易和经济增长间的关系。在包括经济增长、技术进步、出口总量增长和结构变化的4变量系统中,利用LA-VAR模型的实证分析表明,无论是工业制成品占出口总额比重还是工业制成品出口中资本技术密集型产品比重的变化,均对我国经济增长和技术进步具有重要影响。本文的政策涵义是,要充分发挥出口贸易对经济发展的贡献,不应拘泥于出口总量的高低,而应深刻理解出口增长及其结构变化对我国宏观经济运行的全方位影响及其作用机制,致力于出口为国内产业结构升级、技术进步和增长方式的转型服务,取得出口贸易的动态效果。     

Technology,Exports And Firm Efficiency In Taiwanese Manufacturing

Using firm-level data from the 1986 Census of Manufactures of Taiwan, we examine the links between technical efficiency and firm investments in technology and exports. Stochastic production frontier techniques are used to estimate the technical efficiency of firms by investments in technology as well as by export orientation. Our results indicate that accounting for firm investments in technology is critical in explaining the strong export-productivity link in the extant literature. For the group of large, high technology firms, the differences in the mean efficiencies between exporters and non-exporters are not significantly different than zero in all nine industries under study. However, for the large number of small firms that make no formal investments in technology. exporters are significantly closer to the production frontier than their counterparts that sell in the domestic market.     

Effects of foreign equity participation on recipient firm exports

We offer new evidence on the role of foreign investment in domestic firms’ export decisions, both at intensive and extensive margins, using balance sheet data from a panel of manufacturing firms in India. In contrast to the existing literature, we analyse the effect of foreign investment at different levels, where the levels correspond to percentages of foreign equity. We use a selection procedure to control for the potential self-selection of firms into export participation. Though we do find that foreign investment increases a domestic firm’s likelihood to export, firms with majority foreign equity are found to serve domestic market more, once the self-selection is accounted for.     

中国出口贸易的技术结构及其变迁:1980-2003

本文旨在构建一套测度出口贸易技术结构的方法,并在SITC三位码分类水平下,从国际比较的角度,分析改革开放以来中国出口贸易的技术结构及其变迁。第一,本文建立了测度产品技术含量的一个指标,进而提出一套分析经济体出口贸易的技术结构的新方法;第二,利用本文提出的分析工具,通过国际比较,从多个方面分析了1980—2003年中国出口贸易的技术结构,结果表明:改革开放以来,中国出口贸易的整体水平得到了很大提高,但仅表现出微弱的向世界水平收敛的趋势;中国出口贸易的技术结构高度没有显著提高,但在不同时期表现出不同的趋势;中国出口贸易的技术结构分布发生了与众不同的重大变化。