The dynamics of international competitiveness

The Dynamics of International Competitiveness. — This paper focuses on the determinants of international competitiveness over the seventies and eighties. The theoretical framework adopted here is based on a “technology-gap” account of trade flows. The econometric analysis relies on a dynamic model estimated by pooling time-series across countries. The short- and long-term impacts of both technical change and labour costs on trade performance are investigated. It is found that technological variables (patents and investments) play a major role in shaping dynamics of exportshares, while labour costs asymmetries among countries appear to affect trade performance only in the short term.     

中国各省装备制造业竞争力分析

装备制造业是为国民经济发展和国防建设提供技术装备的基础性产业。从装备制造业和产业竞争力的有关理论研究出发,采用主成份分析方法完成了中国装备制造业竞争力的定量分析。定量分析结果显示,中国装备制造业在地域发展方面存在不平衡,提出了中国装备制造业竞争力提升的整体思路,包括指导原则、产业定位、发展战略及其重点。     

An assessment of three measures of competitiveness

An Assessment of Three Measures of Competitiveness. -This paper discusses three indicators of competitiveness: real exchange rates based on consumer price indices, export unit values of manufacturing goods, and normalized unit labour costs in manufacturing. It discusses how each of these measures is associated with changes in a country's balance of trade in goods and nonfactor services and examines how each one of these indicators is related to each other. It then examines the empirical performance of each in terms of its ability to explain trade flows. The conclusion is that in examining an issue as complex as trade competitiveness, the use of one indicator is suboptimal.     

新疆喀什市旅游产业集群竞争力评价

本文运用区位熵法与旅游产业链及专业化分工相结合的方法判别出新疆喀什市旅游产业的集聚态势显著,根据本地区旅游发展过程中政府起到的作用,在现有的产业集群竞争力评价模型基础上构建GEMS模型,对新疆喀什市旅游产业集群竞争力进行定量评价,得出其现有竞争力水平处于全国平均水平,资源和企业的结构、战略、竞争是其发展的短板。     

我国水产业国际竞争力的变动及影响因素分析

文章建立了产品质量升级指数,并计算国际市场占有率,从显示性比较优势、净出口绩效、产品质量升级指数等方面,对我国水产业竞争力进行评价,认为我国水产品出口竞争力有所提升。并运用迈克尔·波特的“钻石”模型理论,从生产要素、国内需求、相关产业和产业组织等四个角度分析影响竞争力的因素,最后提出相关政策建议。     

Evaluation of product competitiveness in the context of modern trade

The author’s method for evaluation of product competitiveness in the context of modern international trade is described with special reference to the agri-food sector. The method is based on the analysis of foreign trade and national production statistics. Significant relations in competitiveness terms are investigated and validated using a posteriori analysis. A comparative study of several types of agri-food products is made for ten countries. Problems of competitiveness variation depending on the export/import of products varying in the degree of processing are studied.     

国内外智慧旅游与城市旅游竞争力研究述评

智慧旅游及城市旅游竞争力是目前国内外研究的热点问题。在对国内外智慧旅游的概念、智慧旅游实践述评的基础上,对城市旅游竞争力的研究进行述评,其中城市旅游竞争力的研究从三个角度出发,即影响因素、综合评价与提升策略。国内外研究城市旅游竞争力的内容侧重与方法运用不尽相同,国外评价城市旅游竞争力运用钻石模型、可计算的一般均衡（CGE）模型、集聚指数模型等,而国内倾向于运用的方法有因子分析法、主成分分析法、生态位模型、后向传播(BP)神经网络、聚类分析法等。最后,国内外在智慧旅游及城市旅游竞争力的结合性研究上成果很少,智慧旅游竞争力的研究还待进一步探索。     

网络时代中国旅行社如何培育核心竞争力——以“广之旅”和“南湖国旅”为例

旅游业综合带动经济能力强,国务院将旅游业确立为国民经济的战略性支柱产业和令人民群众满意的现代服务业。我国传统旅行社企业数量多、竞争激烈、服务水平参差不齐。网络时代在线旅游业务蓬勃发展,传统旅行社企业除了要转型发展有竞争力的多业态集团模式,更要培育创新、诚信的企业文化作为企业核心竞争力。     

我国工业出口结构合理性分析及建议

本文根据近年来我国工业出口贸易的数据资料,测算了其贸易结构变化指数、出口合理度指数和贸易竞争力指数。通过对计算结果的分析,我们发现近年来我国工业出口结构出现优化趋势,产品出口合理度指数不断提高,部分工业支柱行业产品贸易竞争力增强;但需要注意的是,目前部分出口产品的竞争力与其支柱产业的地位不对称,尤其是技术密集型产品的竞争力不强等。最后,文章在此基础上,提出优化我国工业出口结构、提高国际竞争力的对策。     

制造业竞争力比较研究——基于浙江地区与国内外制造业的分析比较

制造业竞争力对于区域经济发展具有至关重要的支撑作用。通过建立MCI制造业竞争力指数模型量化比较发现，随着劳动力成本等要素制约加剧，浙江制造业竞争力和竞争优势近年来大幅弱化。加快实现创造驱动、人才驱动、技术驱动、改革驱动“四轮驱动”，加速提高劳动生产率，推进产业转型升级，提升产业核心竞争力，打造经济升级版，从而实现长期可持续增长，是今后很长一段时期内浙江经济的重大课题。     

国际旅游岛旅游产业竞争力研究

海南省"国际旅游岛"发展战略确立以来,关于海南省旅游行业的现状与发展的研究从未间断,但是,关于海南省旅游产业竞争力的综合评估还未有过系统的论述与研究,本文将基于迈克尔.波特的国家竞争力模型——"钻石"理论模型对海南省旅游业产业竞争力进行评估,并提出相应的发展对策。     

New indicators of price competitiveness and effective exchange rates

New Indicators of Price Competitiveness und Effective Exchange Rates. - In this paper we propose new indicators of price competitiveness and effective exchange rates that provide more accurate information about the overall competitive position of a given country with respect to the traditional indices. The new methodology uses one of the so-called “superlative” index numbers that are characterized by very small approximation errors, which are of higher order than those present in the tradi-tional indices. The empirical evidence in four Italian exporting sectors show that the proposed indicators may differ from the traditional ones more than three percentage points not only in the end of the examined period, but also during the intermediate years.     

基于百度指数的三亚市5A级景区网络关注度时空特征分析

网络关注度对游客的出行前兆具有预测性，能够帮助指导旅游管理部门提前预警并做出科学合理的决策与规划，助推旅游业可持续发展。以海南省龙头旅游城市三亚为研究对象，基于百度指数，通过提取三亚市3家5A级滨海型旅游景区2012—2021年百度指数日样本，并运用季节集中度指数、地域集中度指数、赫芬达尔指数、首位度指数等指标从时间分布特征、空间分布特征两个角度对三亚市5A景区网络关注特征进行研究，并对其影响因素进行剖析。研究发现：三亚5A景区近5年来的网络关注度整体呈逐年下降的趋势；三亚市5A级景区的网络关注度受季节变化较为明显，冬季、初春、暑假、国庆小长假、春节小长假是旅游的高峰期，其中2月是一年中网络关注度的峰值；节假日期间反映出网络关注度对游客出游动态具有“前置”效应，并可能存在游客“错峰”出行的现象；空间分布具有集聚性，其中以海南省内、海南省周围地区以及经济较为发达的地区对三亚市5A景区关注度较高；空间直线距离、相对湿度差、平均温度差、气候舒适度对三亚市风景区网络关注度的影响较大。     

金砖国家服务贸易国际竞争力的比较研究

本文通过显性比较优势指数、显性竞争优势指数、贸易竞争优势指数以及国际市场占有率,对金砖国家服务贸易国际竞争力进行比较,并依据这4个指标,采用偏差平方最小法计算出金砖国家服务贸易国际竞争力的综合评价值。结果表明,五国中服务贸易国际竞争力最强的是印度,而我国服务贸易总体上不具有比较优势并且国际竞争力逐渐减弱。最后,根据波特的国家竞争优势理论提出了提升我国服务贸易国际竞争力的对策建议。     

后世园会效应下的辽宁旅游产业竞争力提升研究

2006沈阳世园会已过去近两年之久,世园会的的成功举办,为辽宁旅游业迎来了新的发展契机,研究后世园会效应对辽宁旅游产业竞争力的影响具有深远意义。在分析辽宁旅游产业与竞争现状的基础上,论述了世园会对辽宁旅游业在拓展客源市场、创新旅游产品种类、改善旅游形象、提高服务水平等方面的积极效应。最后重点研究了这些积极效应对辽宁旅游产业竞争力提升的诸多外在表现形式。     

关于我国玩具业国际竞争力研究

本文从目前中国玩具产业概况及国际竞争地位出发,利用联合国COMTRADE数据库数据,对我国玩具国际市场占有率、显示性比较优势指数、贸易竞争力指数等三个国际竞争力的数量指标指数的分析,显示出我国玩具业出口数量优势大,外延型国际竞争力强,但又一直处于上下徘徊状态,存在可能下降的趋势。对此,本文剖析了我国玩具业存在的主要问题及其原因,指出我国玩具产业内涵型国际竞争力较弱,存在质上欠优和综合性上不强等问题,得出了我国仅是玩具制造与出口大国却不是玩具制造的强国的结论。在此基础上,本文提出了增强国际竞争力的对策。     

New evidence on sources of macroeconomic fluctuations in sub-Saharan African countries

Following a global vector autoregressive (GVAR) approach, this paper presents new evidence on the validity of international transmission of economic shocks from key trading partners as sources of macroeconomic fluctuations in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. The GVAR model was estimated for 21 SSA countries grouped into three country classes—oil-rich, other-resources-rich and non-resource-based economies, to account for output shocks from crucial trading partner countries—United States, United Kingdom, China and Europe. Furthermore, the generalized forecast error variance decompositions results reveal that output shocks from key trading partners constitute significant contributors to changes in key macroeconomic indicators—real gross domestic product, inflation, exchange rate and short-term interest rate, in the SSA region. The generalized impulse response functions indicate that these economic shocks have more significant impacts on oil-rich countries than on other country groups. A key recommendation from this study is that SSA countries, especially the resource-rich economies, need to strengthen and diversify their economic structure, including the trade basket.     

中日韩服务贸易竞争力分析及对我国的启示

本文分析了中国、日本和韩国的服务贸易的发展状况,对三国的整体服务贸易及行业服务贸易国际竞争力进行了比较研究。结果表明,中日韩三国服务贸易整体均不具备比较优势,各行业服务贸易竞争力有所差异。最后就我国如何由服务贸易大国转变为服务贸易强国提出了提升我国服务贸易竞争力的相应策略。     

Post-crisis China impact on trade integration and manufacturing competitiveness between Argentina and Brazil

Considering the short-term and long-term global financial crisis effects on industrial and trade policies implemented in China, Argentina, and Brazil, this article empirically analyzes China’s impact on trade integration and manufacturing competitiveness between Argentina and Brazil during the post-crisis period. Under a trilateral trade framework, this paper conducts both standard and modified Constant Market Share analyses, using trade data disaggregated at HS 6-digit level between the 2009–2014 period provided by BACI database. The quantitative estimation of relative gains and losses of Argentina and Brazil facing China’s evolving import demand and export supply provides evidence for three main findings. First, it shows the persistence of China’s asymmetric trade pattern with Argentina and Brazil, but a decline in China’s weight in explaining the decreasing bilateral trade intensity between Argentina and Brazil; second, the divergent export performance between Argentina and Brazil to China, mainly attributed to the competitiveness shift in the soybean sector; and finally the enlargement of a competitiveness gap between Mercosur countries and China in the upstream of manufacturing supply chain.     

后危机时代重庆市机电产品出口竞争力提升研究

本文选取贸易竞争指数和市场占有率指数对重庆机电产品出口竞争力进行定量分析,发现重庆市机电产品出口竞争力较弱,其原因在于重庆机电产品创新不够,出口受到贸易技术壁垒、贸易保护主义和人民币升值的影响。并在此基础上提出在后危机时代提高重庆机电产品出口竞争力的对策。