我国企业环境变迁与企业战略模式选择

本文对我国企业内外部环境变迁进行了分析,指出企业除对传统的环境因素进行分析外,还应关注最新动态.在动态环境下,我国企业应考虑选择建立战略柔性体系和战略联盟等以应对环境的不确定性.作者还提出了可指导企业在环境变迁条件下进行战略选择的新模式.     

基于情景分析的战略风险管理探讨

在社会环境不断发展下,不确定性成为企业战略管理的主要因素。在当今发展阶段,就要对企业中形成的动态因素进行分析,形成良好的思维形式,然后对企业形成的最大风险作出更深管理。本文根据情景分析法对当下企业出现的风险问题进行分析、评价,使企业在多种情境下具有良好的适应性。     

经济转型期中国企业成长战略偏好分析

本文假设中国企业根据经济转型期制度、政府、市场环境的变化而采取与其他国家企业不同的成长战略,具体为制度导向战略、政府导向战略和市场导向战略,以实现经济利润最大化的同时,还规避制度、政府、市场等外部环境不确定性所带来的风险.本文以浙江省民营企业为调查对象进行了问卷调查,通过OLS回归分析检验了上述假设.分析结果显示:目前三种成长战略对中国企业成长都有一定影响,这也初步证明本文所提出的三种成长战略分类假设的可行性.     

对企业战略决策中SWOT模型的改进——结合前景假设对SWOT模型的量化运用

SWOT模型是西方企业广为应用的战略选择工具之一 ,但是如何将其在更复杂的战略环境和条件下运用 ,进行更科学的战略决策 ,该方法还有待改进。将SWOT模型与前景假设结合起来 ,进行并不复杂但很有效的量化分析 ,可以使企业在战略决策过程中 ,将复杂因素进行系统分析 ,并最终可以得到一个执行战略方案和两个备用战略方案。     

我国物流环境的战略分析

物流战略的选择受企业状况、同业竞争、物流环境等多方面因素影响。对物流进行战略分析可以从物流的宏观环境分析、行业环境分析、物流企业内部环境分析,使企业在环境变化之前有所准备,缩短其对环境变化作出的反映时间对物流战略的调整具有十分重要的意义。     

市场竞争中的发展战略

任何企业都希望自身能够不断发展壮大。而复杂多变的市场环境使企业的发展不断面临风险和障碍。如何在市场中健康发展,选择适合企业自身特点的发展战略是十分重要的。     

市场竞争中的发展战略

任何企业都希望自身能够不断发展壮大。而复杂多变的市场环境使企业的发展不断面临风险和障碍。如何在市场中健康发展,选择适合企业自身特点的发展战略是十分重要的。     

企业战略执行策略的绩效影响机制——来自中小民营企业的证据

现有的战略研究相对忽视关于企业战略执行策略及其绩效含义的深入分析。根据资源基础观和能力基础观,战略执行策略是连结战略规划与组织产出的重要组织过程和行为模式,其有效运用是企业获取和维持竞争优势的关键途径。在现有研究基础上,文章系统地探讨了战略执行策略、环境不确定性和战略执行绩效的关系。对249家中小民营企业的实证研究表明,文化型策略对战略执行绩效有显著的正向影响,环境不确定性对参与型策略与战略执行绩效的关系起调节作用。因此,推广文化型策略以及在不确定性高的环境下运用参与型策略都是提升中小民营企业战略执行绩效的重要途径。     

战略柔性与企业绩效的关系研究综述——以环境不确定性为调节变量

在全球化的进程中,环境不确定性逐渐加深,进而通过组织决策影响企业绩效,企业也需要战略柔性来缓冲环境不确定性带来的风险。本文通过对以往文献的内容分析,梳理了战略柔性、环境不确定性各自的相关研究以及战略柔性与企业绩效的关系,发现环境不确定性作为调节变量,会增强战略柔性与企业绩效之间的正向关系。     

华为战略导向下的组织结构设计

全球经济环境变化多端,科学技术日新月异,中国企业国际化不断面临新挑战。运用组织理论深入分析了华为的组织环境、组织战略、组织结构。华为面临高度不确定的外部环境,在国际化战略导向下,通过组织结构变革形成了完善的矩阵式结构,使华为能够有效应对外部环境的不确定性,继续推进国际化发展战略。华为在国际化过程中的成功经验对中国企业国际化具有重要指导意义。     

Corporate versus independent new ventures: Resource,strategy, and performance differences

This study examines differences between independent ventures (IVs), which are established by individual entrepreneurs, and corporate ventures (CVs), which are controlled by larger companies. It focuses on differences between these ventures related to the resources, strategies, and performance of firms in the computer and communications equipment manufacturing industries. Thus, the findings increase the understanding of the different challenges faced by each venture type and provide insight into how each venture type should be managed.The study finds that managers of CVs and IVs emphasized different resources and strategies. Specifically, CVs emphasized the following resources: internal capital sources, proprietary knowledge, and marketing expertise. IVs emphasized external capital sources, technical expertise, and development of brand identification. They also differed in their strategies; IVs pursued greater strategic breadth, more customer service, and focused more on specialty products. The findings that CVs had less strategic breadth was surprising in that CVs emphasized resources, such as internal capital sources, which could make pursuing broad strategies more feasible for CVs. It is possible that some CVs do not pursue broad strategies because they may be “infringing upon someone else's turf” within the corporation and thus may be discouraged.In spite of finding significant strategy and resource differences, the study found that IVs and CVs did not differ in performance and that resources were not directly related to performance. Based on the concept of equifinality, it follows that both venture types can be equally successful, even if they follow different roads to success. Success may be less a function of the different resources IVs and CVs have and more a function of what strategies the firms choose based upon their resources.Strategy variables did relate to performance: a low cost strategy lowered performance regardless of venture type and the influence of an aggressive strategy (i.e., wide strategic breadth) on performance depended upon venture origin. Managers pursuing a low cost strategy may have had lower performance if they became penny wise and pound foolish, missing opportunities in their efforts to lower costs. This suggests that regardless of venture type, managers of new ventures in these industries and perhaps in other volatile industries may need to be opportunistic.This study indicates that pursuing broad strategies increased the performance of IVs and decreased the performance of CVs. This finding was surprising in that CVs had greater resources, which one might think would lead to successful implementation of aggressive strategies. In securing enough resources to pursue aggressive strategies from their parents, CVs may lose the freedom of action they need to cope with the dynamism of high technology industries. This suggests that managers of CVs within the computer and communications equipment manufacturing industries should either not pursue broad strategies, or if pursuing broad strategy, they should maintain their flexibility. In contrast, IVs that pursued broad strategies achieved higher performance, indicating that perhaps IVs, unencumbered by the bureaucracy that characterizes CVs, may be able to pursue aggressive strategies while simultaneously maintaining flexibility.Thus, this study offers IV and CV managers several valuable insights. First, it argues that managers of each type of venture may need to pursue different strategies to increase venture performance and make optimal use of their unique resources. Furthermore, it suggests that CV managers encounter difficulties in applying resources to strategies and not in accessing resources. Whereas political obstacles may occur, CV managers may primarily encounter these difficulties when trying to implement strategies rather than when accumulating resources from the parent, suggesting a pitfall that managers of CVs and their parents need to avoid. Although this study has indicated that both venture types can be equally successful, it suggests that they may face different obstacles and follow different roads to success.     

Strategies towards innovative services: findings from the German service landscape

The specifics of services seem to prohibit a simple transfer of innovation strategies from the manufacturing to the service sector. To better understand what works, successful strategic service innovators and their strategic approaches have been the focus of this study. To do so, 80 service innovators in Germany have been monitored over a period of one year. By analyzing them, according to the basic strategies they follow (low cost, differentiation or mixed emphasis) and the dominant design of their service delivery system (information technology-based, people-based or mixed approach), this paper provides an understanding of the strategic approaches followed by successful service innovators. Our findings propose that there is a fit between the complexity of service offerings and variety of the interaction approaches by successful service innovators. In sum, we argue that for an appropriate design of service innovation strategy both managers and researchers need to go beyond the traditional distinction of low cost and differentiation strategy.     

Business strategy and the management of digital marketing

The internet brought disruptive change to the business landscape through the creation of a whole host of digital marketing tactics. But with these new tactical options has come the need for marketing managers to (1) prioritize what they wish to accomplish and (2) determine which digital marketing tactics to invest in. We consider these issues from the perspective of four business strategies: prospectors, analyzers, low-cost defenders, and differentiated defenders. In this article, we provide marketing managers with insights into how businesses pursuing various strategies approach these digital marketing issues, with the ultimate goal being to assist managers in the efficient and effective implementation of their firm’s adopted strategy.     

战略预见的竞争优势:基于不确定环境的全景分析

新竞争环境下,企业面临的不确定性因素更加突出,企业如何在动态变化的环境中持续地创造新竞争优势成为企业战略的核心。传统战略理论的分析背景已发生了较大的变化,而现代企业竞争优势的源泉之一是要提升自己的战略预见能力。战略预见就是要寻找企业竞争优势变化及商业生态模式演变的趋势与规律,通过商业模式分析、价值链分析、战略博弈结构分析、技术市场化分析以及新兴产业可行性分析等战略分析视角,寻求企业未来发展的战略杠杆。     

Insights from the new conglomerates

Managers must reconsider their preconceptions about conglomerates, or multi-industry firms as they are now often called, because today's examples have much to teach us about successful corporate strategy. We examined the strategies of the largest conglomerates that have, for a sustained period, practiced the form. Four archetypes are available to managers for adding value to a broad portfolio of businesses. In top-performing firms, the bewildering diversity of end products can blind the casual observer to the intense focus of headquarters and the tight cohesion among the head office, the businesses, and the environment.     

以平衡计分卡为基础的战略实施研究——如何跨越战略执行的鸿沟

据美国《财富》杂志就“总裁失败原因”的一项调查表示,有70%的总裁认为战略失败的原因是“战略执行不到位”。现代的企业竞争是在信息、技术、人力资源都完全市场化之下展开的,竞争的焦点已经从“战略定位”潜移默化为“战略的执行”。     

Interactive effects of marketing strategy formulation and implementation upon firm performance

Abstract

This study employed an integrative approach to investigate the influence of external business environment, strategy formulation, viability of marketing strategy, and strategy implementation upon firm performance. The findings show that while technological change and market competition negatively influence the credibility of the strategy, market attractiveness has a positive influence upon the viability of strategy employed. Moreover, market competition has a positive influence upon the involvement of marketing managers in terms of strategy making and that the presence of an innovative culture is strongly required in executing a strategic marketing plan. In addition, the study shows that the involvement of marketing managers in strategy making, which is strongly supported by an innovative culture, generates their commitment to the strategy, which positively influences strategy viability.     

Strategies for new product development

In spite of much evidence of its success, many managers hesitate to establish a policy for new product development. Their indecision often arises from two reasons: they fear that a defined strategy may discourage innovation and they are uncertain how to formulate a new product strategy. The author of this article discredits the former notion and, in reply to the latter, proposes the guidelines for developing such a statement. As new products are essential to the continued success of most firms, the strategy must exist and must be operant if the firm is to avoid wasted time, effort, and money as well as employee confusion and discouragement.     

A system dynamics model as a decision aid in evaluating and communicating complex market entry strategies

Developing a market entry strategy is a critical activity for any firm but all the more so for those firms that wish to successfully compete in today's challenging global economy. Unfortunately, developing a market entry strategy is an ill-structured and complex activity for which structured approaches have proven inadequate. In less structured situations, data driven and model based decision-support systems (DSS) have been shown to be of significant help to decision-makers faced with such tasks. Getting managers to use such systems, however, is a major challenge that has been the subject of considerable research in the field of DSS. As far back as the 1970's scholars identified reasons why managers are reluctant to use such systems. Among the most often cited reasons why managers are reluctant to use these systems are: they do not understand the model inherent in the DSS; they do not know when to use them; they are unable to extend the use of the DSS; or they are unable to explain the model or its output to others. This paper describes the process of building a system dynamics model that can be employed by marketing managers to help them test the effectiveness of different market entry strategies, and equally important to help them to explain the system's logic and output. The model was built in a bottom-up fashion with the help of a team of marketing managers. In this way the team that helped build the model not only felt a sense of ownership concerning the model, but were also be able to better explain and defend their proposed strategy.     

Corporate social responsibility communication: stakeholder information, response and involvement strategies

While it is generally agreed that companies need to manage their relationships with their stakeholders, the way in which they choose to do so varies considerably. In this paper, it is argued that when companies want to communicate with stakeholders about their CSR initiatives, they need to involve those stakeholders in a two-way communication process, defined as an ongoing iterative sense-giving and sense-making process. The paper also argues that companies need to communicate through carefully crafted and increasingly sophisticated processes. Three CSR communication strategies are developed. Based on empirical illustrations and prior research, the authors argue that managers need to move from 'informing' and 'responding' to 'involving' stakeholders in CSR communication itself. They conclude that managers need to expand the role of stakeholders in corporate CSR communication processes if they want to improve their efforts to build legitimacy, a positive reputation and lasting stakeholder relationships.