中东欧国家的金融改革

一个健全而有效的金融部门是促进经济增长的重要因素。中东欧国家从计划经济向市场经济的过渡要求建立市场取向的金融部门。金融部门在经济中的作用在于将资本从初始储蓄者引导到投资项目上。但是在中央计划经济中,金融部门的作用遭到抑制。经济转轨需要金融部门的解放,使金融部门发挥其应有的作用,而金融改革则是实现此目标的必由之路。     

投资渠道与经济增长

资本使用效率的高低关系到资本的形 成及其经济增长趋势,它与金融系统的运行尤其投资渠道的状况息息相关。金融体系发展不完善而导致的竞争不充分会使投资者面临的投资选择机会不足,导致资本的低效率使用。中国现今存在的内需不足、经济增长后劲乏力、通货紧缩等问题都在一定程度上与这一情况有关。从资本的供给看,我国似乎不存在资本短缺的问题,但从资本的需求尤其是大量中小企业却又存在着严重的资本短缺。这种奇怪现象的产生原因只能从储蓄与投资的转换过程中去寻找。     

金融体系效率对FDI溢出效应的影响——基于金融功能视角的经验研究

多数研究表明FDI溢出效应的发挥受到东道国金融市场的影响。文章从国内金融体系吸收存款和提供贷款的基本功能出发,采用我国1984～2009年的时间序列数据,检验了金融体系效率对FDI溢出效应的影响,结果显示动员储蓄效率在短期内对FDI溢出效应的影响不明显,而长期内具有抑制作用,储蓄投资转化效率以及资本配置效率对FDI溢出效应无论短期还是长期都具有显著的抑制作用。     

金融发展对资本配置效率的影响分析

金融发展促进资本配置效率的提高,是金融部门的重要职能之一。改革开放以来,我国的金融发展迅速,但国民经济中资本的配置效率并没有相应提高。其原因主要是信贷资本配置结构扭曲以及政府的不当干预等,为此,就必须针对这些问题采取相应对策,才能实现金融发展对资本配置效率的推进。     

我国地区间资本配置效率的差异与演变

运用动态面板数据模型分析发现,我国的资本配置效率存在地区间差异。经过主成分分析法剔除共同因子后,因子扩增模型进一步表明,我国资本配置效率近十五年来并未明显提高,但东、中部地区与西部地区的差距有所扩大。资本误置制约了我国的产业转型、区域平衡和经济增长。改善绩效与协调发展是我国金融部门进一步改革的迫切任务。     

金融市场结构平衡与优化:资产证券化的创新

我国金融市场融资结构的主要问题是间接融资与直接融资市场的不均衡发展以及以资本市场为代表的直接融资市场内部的股票市场和债券市场的不均衡发展,从而抑制了社会剩余资本顺利地由储蓄转化为投资,影响了微观经营实体的融资需求及投资者的投资效率,导致我国金融市场体系运行效率的低下和不完善。资产证券化作为一种不同于银行等中介信用和资本市场等市场信用的信用体制创新,提高了金融机构资产流动性和资金供给效率,同时也给投资者提供了新的投融资渠道,促进了金融市场结构的不断均衡和优化。     

外国资本流入对国内储蓄的动态效应研究

本文基于国际资本流动视角分析了外国资本流对我国国内储蓄的影响。通过实证分析,认为在短期内外国资本流对国内储蓄具有“挤入效应”,而长期则具有“挤出效应”。同时,结合我国储蓄与外国资本流入关系的动态变化,认为我国在引入外资过程中,更应注重对外资的利用效率,从而实现跨期资本流入的最优调整。     

资本流转对区域经济的增长效应分析

对于欠发达地区,资本匮乏是制约其经济发展的主要因素.我国地区经济发展不平衡,探讨落后地区能否利用资本流转的高便利性促进本地区的经济快速增长具有较强的理论和现实意义.本文以江西省为例,通过储蓄-投资、内外资本、财政转移支出等资本形成渠道分析了资本流转对地区经济的增长效应,在此基础上提出了加快和完善资本流转的对策.     

对我国国际收支结构性失衡的理解

我国的国际收支“双顺差”是由国内经济的结构不平衡导致的,与经济结构和产业结构发展中的不平衡体现出高度一致性,高储蓄是经常项目顺差的主要原因,资本的流入与流出不协调使得金融与资本项目顺差在增加,外贸结构长期调整滞后使得顺差加剧,需要采取一系列措施调整我国国际收支结构性失衡。     

中国经济发展中的储蓄过剩问题研究

一、我国的储蓄规模和结构分析（一）我国储蓄的规模分析储蓄率是一国的国民经济核算中,当年国内生产总值中为消费部分所占的比例。西方经济学中曾提出足有储蓄率问题,认为如果储蓄率过高,就会导致动态无效率。但对最优储蓄率进行测算是非常困难的工作,因为这涉及对资本产出弹性、     

金融部门FDI和金融服务贸易的理论与实证分析

金融部门FDI理论和金融服务贸易理论是两个既独立又相互关联的研究领域.近年来,金融部门FDI理论与金融服务贸易理论出现了相互融合、相互渗透的趋势.本文描述了金融服务贸易和金融部门FDI理论的最新进展,利用国际经济学、产业组织理论、国际商务理论等经典理论解释金融服务贸易和金融FDI的动机、影响因素及趋势,并通过建立一个实证模型来进一步验证金融部门FDI和金融服务贸易存在的互补关系.     

金融发展和经济增长:功能观与结构观的比较

金融功能观认为金融体系通过增强流动性、降低风险、监督经理与实行公司治理和动员储蓄等,降低信息成本和交易成本,提高储蓄向投资转化的效率。金融结构观指出不同的金融结构在不同的历史条件下,对经济增长的作用机制和效果可能也会有差异。功能观与结构观都在一定程度上解释了经济增长,但金融体系提供的金融功能具有不同的比较优势,不同的金融功能对经济增长的作用各异。金融体系是否推动经济增长取决于金融结构与实体经济的适应效率,在不同的发展阶段和国情条件下,只有适合经济发展的金融结构才能促进经济增长。     

Financial capability and emergency savings among South Africans living above and below the poverty line

Emergency savings provide a buffer against financial shocks, particularly among low‐income households. Despite the importance of these funds in lessening financial hardship, many households have not set aside emergency funds. It has been suggested that financial capability may play a role in financial behaviour. Therefore, this study considers whether financial capability is associated with saving for emergencies and whether there are differences in factors that predict emergency savings behaviour among those living below and above the poverty line. Using data from a sample of South Africans, logistic regression is used to determine the predictors of emergency savings. The study finds that those with higher levels of financial capability, related to financial self‐efficacy and having access to a bank account, are more likely to have emergency savings compared with those with lower levels of financial capability. However, no evidence is found to suggest a relationship between objectively measured financial knowledge and emergency savings. Therefore, the findings suggest that self‐assessed financial ability, as measured by financial self‐efficacy, might be more important than objectively assessed ability in the context of individuals making responsible financial choices. Differences in the predictors of emergency savings for those living above and below the poverty line related to socioeconomic and demographic differences, whereas the same financial capability predictors were significant predictors in both samples. The study provides unique insights into the predictors of emergency savings in a developing market context and identifies the characteristics of those who are likely to be financially resilient to unexpected economic shocks. The importance of the broader financial capability construct in predicting emergency savings, for both those living above and below the poverty line, suggests that programmes aimed at encouraging emergency savings should focus on enhancing financial self‐efficacy and financial inclusion.     

Making Small Numbers Count: Environmental and Financial Feedback in Promoting Eco-driving Behaviours

Energy conservation results in environmental (reduced emissions) and financial (reduced costs) savings. Consumers’ perception of the worthiness of changes in behaviour may differ depending on whether environmental or financial savings are emphasized. The current study investigated the effects of using either environmental or financial feedback in the context of eco-driving. Participants evaluated six scenarios describing different eco-driving behaviours. Participants in experimental groups were informed about either the environmental or financial savings realized by adopting the behaviours. A control group did not receive information on possible savings. Results indicated that, unlike commonly assumed, environmental savings are considered more worthwhile than commensurate financial savings. Yet, intentions to adopt eco-driving behaviours were mainly sensitive to the presence of feedback per se, rather than the content of feedback. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.     

Financial literacy and savings decisions by adult financial consumers in Zimbabwe

We use survey data from a sample of 4000 adult financial consumers in Zimbabwe to analyse the determinants of financial literacy and its effect on individual's savings decisions. Results show that women have lower financial literacy than men. Furthermore, individuals' residing in rural areas exhibit lower financial literacy compared with urban financial consumers. Financial literacy and financial services interventions targeting women and rural individuals should be strengthened. Econometric results show that financial literacy positively influences savings behaviour for both rural and urban individuals. Furthermore, financial literacy positively influences informal and formal savings. Policy interventions that foster financial literacy are needed to improve individuals saving behaviours.     

试论建立适合我国国情的衍生金融工具会计制度

19世纪70年代以来,衍生金融工具的迅猛发展及广泛应用在给整个金融市场带来深刻影响的同时,也对金融监管机构及现行会计理论提出了新的挑战。了解衍生金融工具定义及特点,并结合国际会计准则委员会IASC和美国财务会计准则委员会FASB的最新成果,提出适合我国国情的衍生金融工具会计确认、计量和披露的的原则和方法,以推动我国的衍生金融工具会计的发展和完善。     

What Explains Cross‐country Industry Growth Patterns? Trade,Development and the Equity Financing Channel

We test theories that examine how economic and financial development affect cross‐country industry growth patterns. Finance theory suggests that financial development affects growth by lowering the cost of external finance. This has the implication that industries in more finance‐hungry sectors will grow faster in countries where financial markets are more developed. In addition, if financing constraints are lessened when stock market performance is high, firms in sectors more dependent on external finance should grow more rapidly following periods of good stock market performance. Trade and development theories, on the other hand, imply that a country's product‐mix and the pattern of industrial growth reflect which stage of development it is in and its factor endowments. Thus, one implication of trade/development theories is that countries that are close to each other in terms of GDP per capita should have similar patterns of industrial growth. Our tests find support for each of these theories.     

Young People Are the Front Lines of Financial Inclusion: A Review of 45 Years of Research

Amidst concerns about percentages of households that remain unbanked or underbanked, policy endeavors have emerged to promote financial inclusion by making financial products such as savings accounts readily available. While these endeavors have primarily concentrated on households, young people may be the front lines of financial inclusion because they may be more likely to be banked in young adulthood and beyond when they start off with savings accounts earlier in life. This article addresses young people's financial inclusion by comprehensively reviewing 60 research studies on young people's savings, discussing the role of the family in young people's financial inclusion, discussing financial inclusion from an institutional perspective, presenting policy implications, and identifying gaps in knowledge and opportunities for research. Policies that open savings accounts for young people early in life may be a promising strategy for extending financial inclusion and preventing unbanked or underbanked status later in life.     

Why Double Surplus in China's International Balance of Payments?

In accordance with the theory of development economics,developing countries should maintain a current account deficit and capital account surplus, and achieve a higher level of investment through foreign savings rather than just domestic savings. The international financial crisis not only hit the European and US economy, but also gave China's macro-micro economy a heavy blow.