论广东地区的社会工作教育实践

本文总结了广东地区的社工教育在发展初期所面临的师资、专业实习、课程与教材建设、职业化等方面的困境,分析了该地区在社工教育实习教育、社工职业化及与社工界与港台的合作等方面所作出的积极实践,并就新形势下广东地区的社会工作教育提出了一些观点与建议。     

高校教师思想政治工作若干问题思考

本文从教师在教育中的地位、作用及国际经验比较的角度 ,论证了教师思想政治工作是高校思想政治工作的重中之重 ;提出教师思想政治工作必须体现“教师为本”思想 ;在此基础上 ,就创新新时期高校教师思想政治工作的内容 (途径 提出了基本思路。     

新时期思想政治工作必须与时俱进

新的历史时期是人们精神世界发生深刻变化,思想政治工作面临严重挑战的时期,思想政治工作的内容观念和方法必须与时俱进,增强吸引力、说明力和针对性,创造出紧跟时代气息和适应群众需要的思想政治工作的新格局。     

A household production model of paid labor, household work and child care

In this paper we use data on time allocation of women to estimate the value of market and non-market work. Four time use categories are distinguished: paid work, houshold work, care for children, and leisure. The estimation results show that the value of non-market production (household production and child care) is substantial and exceeds that of market production (paid work).     

On optimal income taxation with heterogeneous work preferences

This paper considers the problem of optimal income taxation when individuals are assumed to differ with respect to their earnings potential and work preferences. A numerical method for solving this two-dimensional problem has been developed. We assume an additive utility function, and utilitarian social objectives. Rather than solve the first order conditions associated with the problem, we directly compute the best tax function, which can be written in terms of a second order B-spline function. Our findings show that marginal tax rates are higher than might be anticipated, and that very little bunching occurs at the optimum. Our simulation results show that the correlation between taste for work and productivity has a crucial role in determining the extent of redistribution in our model.     

The changing nature of artisanal work and occupations: Important for understanding labour markets

ABSTRACT

The social and political conditions within which artisans are required to work have shifted globally. The South African policy concern is to train bigger quantities and improve artisanal skills quality, while simultaneously providing more opportunities for young, black and women artisans. A concern for academia is how this shifting milieu will impact on our understanding of artisanal work and occupations and what implications should this have for further research. Using the concept of occupational boundaries, we investigate, at a micro level, real and perceived change to work in three artisanal trades. The study shows that while some elements have changed, the division of labour reinforces the traditional scope of artisanal work in relation to other occupational groups. The findings reconfirm the complex relationship between changes to work and the demand for skills, and importantly highlight the sociology of work as a critical but undervalued dimension in labour market analysis.     

工作质量管理原则:上岗引导的新内容

鉴于目前许多组织的上岗引导通常只包括了一般政策介绍,而涉及工作开展本身方面的内容很少,本文引入了质量管理相关理论,整合了当前普遍使用的八项质量管理原则,得出了四项工作质量管理原则,并加以阐述,最后给出了组织推行该原则的步骤图示及应把握的要点。     

香港发展社会经济工作经验对我国农村社会工作在职教育的借鉴

香港积累的发展社会工作经验对我国内地农村社会工作在职教育具有重要借鉴价值。在发展农村社会工作在职教育中,我们也应发挥政府的主导作用,重视发挥社会的力量,灵活多样地开展在职教育。     

Solidarity based economy： The success of work integration social firms in Spain

The work insertion social firms have grown in the last decade in Spain. The aim of this work is to help unemployees and workers with several problems （being in prison, drugs...） to start in ＂normalized＂ companies as workers. The aim of the paper is to analyze the success of work insertion social firms defined by social and commercial dimensions. Using a sample of 49 companies in Spain, the authors have developed an explanatory model in which the doubt about the success of these companies is explained. This paper seeks to analyze the main problems of the poor financial situation of companies that are based on social help. The work integration social enterprises could be a new entrepreneurship form that helps improving work skills of workers to be able to obtain a ＂normalized job＂.     

国家级开发区招商项目准入评价工作机制的构建研究

文章从国家级开发区招商引资项目的特点分析入手,提出了建立动态的项目评价咨询专家库、项目评价工作联席会议制度、项目事后评估制度和责任追究奖惩制度的项目准入评价工作机制,以期把好国家级开发区招商引资项目的准入关,为开发区招商提供一种工作思路.     

Taxation officers’ grassroots work experience and tax performance: Evidence from China

This paper examines the effect of grassroots work experience on the working capacities of Chinese officials and how this effect manifests in their measurable performance. Using the Chinese Industrial Enterprises Database (CIED, 1998–2007) and provincial-level local taxation directors’ personal data, we assess the actual tax burden of firms as a measure of directors’ tax levy performance. We analyze these officials’ grassroots work experience data in relation to the level of tax levy in their jurisdictions and find that grassroots work experience significantly improves jurisdictional tax levy performance, reflecting an enhancement effect on directorial capacity associate with grassroots work experience. This relationship remains robust even as we examine alternative hypotheses such as post-employment education, first-time appointment age and promotion incentives. Our analysis reveals that the threat of local tax penalties and the rate of tax offenses are two important mechanisms relating to this measure. Moreover, our findings are particularly significant in local taxation directors with higher first-time employment age and grassroots experience related to economics. Overall, this paper supports the notion that grassroots work experience plays a key role in shaping officials’ working capacity and provides suggestions for optimizing the tax levy system.     

生理心理测试与按劳分配的实现

本文认为 ,在按劳分配原则实施过程中除了要考虑劳动时间、产出数量等衡量工作量的因素外 ,还应考虑劳动强度、智力疲劳、工作压力感、员工对报酬差距及竞争压力的心理承受能力等一些生理心理因素 ,以大大提高按劳动分配的实际应用效果。     

科学与人文融合推动西藏高校思想政治工作

通过科学与人文融合的方式可以有效推动驻藏高校思想政治工作开展。只有科学与人文融合才能实现人自身生物性与精神性的统一,为人的全面发展奠基。新时期西藏发展对复合型人才的需求增加,科学与人文融合有利于培养西藏相关急需人才。内地高等教育对科学与人文融合与割裂的教训成为西藏利用“后发优势”的重要借鉴,同时西藏良好的政策优势和科学与人文融合历史传统有助于思想政治工作的开展实施。科学与人文融合应从进教材和进课堂入手,协调思想政治课与高校其他思想政治工作,实现思想政治工作全程育人、全方位育人。西藏高校必须尊重教育规律,结合西藏实际,吸收西藏优秀传统文化,努力打造思想政治工作的“西藏样板”。     

股份合作制企业思想政治工作的宗旨、体制和机制探索

本文阐述了股份合作制企业思想政治工作的宗旨 ,指出它的总目标是以邓小平理论为指导 ,营造一个共生存、共创造、共规范、共享用的价值体系 ;作者将浙江股份合作制企业思想政治工作管理体制和运行机制提炼为一体化模式与网络化模式两种类型 ,并对二者的特点、存在条件和背景、     

Firms’ demand for work hours: Evidence from matched firm-worker data in Japan

Using information on Japanese males’ work hours and the matched firms’ characteristics, this paper investigates whether the number of hours worked is determined by demand-side factors and tries to offer a possible explanation of why Japanese males tend to work longer on average, than their counterparts in other countries. Based on an empirical framework in which each firm sets a minimum boundary of work hours and where workers hired by the firm are required to put in at least the minimum hours, we found that the minimum requirement depends on each firm’s fixed costs of labor. Specifically, firms that tend to hoard labor during recessions, presumably because of higher fixed costs, require incumbent workers to work longer hours during normal times. Since Japanese firms have long been considered as incurring high fixed costs to train workers, we interpret the long work hour requirement as a rational strategy for Japanese firms in protecting high-skill-accumulated workers from dismissal. In other words, the long work hours of Japanese males reflect firms’ long-term employment practices, a typical feature of the Japanese labor market.     

The Japanese labour market during the global financial crisis and the role of non-standard work: A micro perspective

This paper analyses aggregate labour dynamics during the global financial crisis in Japan and the role of non-standard work using micro data. The analysis proceeds in two steps. First, using comprehensive establishment-level datasets for the period 1991–2009, it provides a detailed portrait of the adjustment behaviour of establishments at the micro level. Second, it compares aggregate labour market dynamics during the global financial crisis with that observed during the 1997 crisis and decomposes the observed differences into components that can be attributed to changes in the micro-adjustment behaviour of Japanese establishments, changes in the incidence of non-standard work and changes in the distribution of shocks across establishments. It finds that the incidence of non-standard work has increased considerably, worker turnover is much higher among non-standard than standard workers and adjustments in working-time are less important for non-standard workers. Counterfactual simulations suggest that the employment response during the global crisis would have been smaller if the incidence of non-standard work remained at the level observed during the 1997 crisis. The relatively small employment response observed during the global financial crisis is therefore driven by factors other than the increase in the incidence of non-standard work.     

论我国非公有制企业思想政治工作的整体性管理——关于“33216”系统工程的概述

文章运用系统优化的思维方法,在论述了加强非公有制企业思想政治工作必要性的基础上,着重阐述了非公有制企业思想政治工作运行机制应遵循的三个基本原理;应从宏观、中观、微观三个层面入手建构运行机制;关键是做好企业主的思想政治工作和抓好党支部的建设;形成一个覆盖非公有     

Women's work and wages in the sixteenth century and Sweden's position in the ‘little divergence’

We use a unique source from the Swedish royal demesnes to examine the work and relative wages of women in sixteenth-century Sweden, an economic laggard in the early modern period. The source pertains to workers hired on yearly contracts, a type more representative of historical labour markets than day labour on large construction sites, and this allows us to observe directly the food consumed by workers. We speak to the debate on the ‘little divergence’ within Europe, as women's work and gender differentials in pay is a key indicator of women's relative autonomy and seen as a cause for the economic ascendency of the North Sea region during the period. We find small gender differentials among both unskilled and skilled workers, indicating that Sweden was a part of the ‘golden age’ for women. We argue that despite superficial equality, women's economic outlooks were restrained in many other ways – including their access to higher-skilled work and jobs in the expanding parts of the economy – adding important nuance to the discussion about the relationship between women's social position and economic growth in the early modern period.