When is quality of financial system a source of comparative advantage?

Dominant theories of trade tend to ignore the role of finance as a source of comparative advantage. On the other hand, the finance literature places financial institutions as a driver of economic growth. This paper unites these two competing schools of thought in a general equilibrium framework. For economies with high-quality institutions (defined by the competitiveness of the financial sector, the quality of corporate governance, and the level of property rights protection), finance is passive. On the other hand, for economies with low-quality institutions, the quality of the financial system is an independent source of comparative advantage. Interestingly, the conventional measure of financial development (the size of the financial market relative to GDP) does not adequately capture the underlying quality of financial institutions. In addition, free trade may reduce the aggregate income in South. Financial capital tends to flow from South to North.     

中产阶层崛起与金融市场稳健发展

中共"十六大"以后,中产阶层的快速发展已成为一种不可阻挡的趋势.中产阶层是"小康"社会的主流群体,他们的崛起不仅有利于经济和社会和谐发展,也将刺激社会购买力增长与金融市场繁荣,提高金融业的规模经济效益,促进金融创新,有利于提高金融机构的运行效率,保持金融体系的稳定,扩大民间资本积累和活跃民间投、融资.     

国外金融发展影响收入不平等研究综述

金融发展对经济增长的积极推动作用已得到学术界的广泛认可,国外的大量研究进一步指出．金融发展通过实物资本投资、人力资本投资两大主要渠道对社会收入不平等产生影响。对文献的系统梳理和归纳将对促进我国经济增长及缓解收入差距提供理论依据,也对推动国内研究起到积极作用。     

金融去杠杆对经济增长和经济波动的影响

金融去杠杆会影响经济增长和经济波动,而金融结构变迁和金融发展水平变化可能使金融去杠杆与宏观经济之间的关联呈现出差异性.本文以全球97个国家和地区1980—2015年的年度非平衡面板数据为研究样本,实证检验了金融去杠杆对宏观经济的影响,以及金融结构变迁和金融发展水平变化对二者关联的影响.结果表明,金融去杠杆会抑制经济增长,同时加大经济波动;以资本市场为代表的直接金融的发展会弱化金融去杠杆对经济增长的负效应和对经济波动的放大效应;而金融结构的变迁和以金融中介为代表的间接金融的发展不会对金融去杠杆与宏观经济之间的关联产生影响.这表明,在金融去杠杆背景下,监管部门应采用可控的手段来稳步推进金融去杠杆进程,避免产生"处置风险的风险".与此同时,还应加快资本市场的发展,以平抑金融去杠杆对宏观经济可能带来的负面影响.     

浅析我国民营银行的发展

长期以来,我国一直排斥民营资本进入金融市场。这一垄断性金融制度安排,在改革初期对经济增长起到了推动作用,但是随着改革的进行,这一安排所带来的弊端日趋严重,已经无法继续按原有模式为经济发展提供支持。我国加入WTO后,必然会在金融领域中遇到外资银行的强烈挑战,在对外开放金融业之前,也应实现对内开放,允许民营资本进入金融领域,发展民营银行。     

农村金融发展对我国城乡收入差异影响实证分析

金融发展规模与城乡收入差距成反向关系,金融发展效率与城乡收入差距成正向关系.从农村经济发展的角度看,增加资本投入,加大金融机构对农村经济的支持力度,对缩小城乡收入差距是有意义的,在增加对农业和农村地区资金投入的同时,要积极提高资金配置效率.从市场经济的发展规律来看,活跃农村金融市场,打破银行业的垄断地位,增加农村经济的融资渠道,有利于资本的有效配置,也有利于农村经济的产业化、多元化发展.     

农村普惠性金融发展对中国农户收入的影响——来自1877个县(市)面板数据的实证分析

本文使用来自中国2006—2009年1877个县(市)的面板数据,实证分析了中国农村普惠性金融发展及其各个维度对农户收入的影响。研究结果表明:中国农村普惠性金融发展对农户收入具有显著的正效应,组成农村普惠性金融的地理渗透性和产品接触性与农户收入正相关,使用效用性和农户收入负相关;从区域层面看,东部地区农村普惠性金融发展和农户收入正相关,而中、西部地区农村普惠性金融发展和农户收入负相关。针对以上的结论,本文就农村普惠性金融发展促进农户收入增长提出了简要的政策建议。     

我国农村金融结构与制度的二元分离与融合:经济发展视角的一个解释

我国现阶段农村金融市场正式与非正式金融的二元分割与共存，从浅层次上来看，是我国实行金融进入管制与利率管制等金融抑制政策的结果；深层次来看，是我国农村现阶段的经济发展水平及农村金融需求主体的多样性程度所决定的。我国农村经济发展的地区差异化、多层次化、内部与外部不平衡性就决定了我国农村金融制度的多样性与层次性。政府作为金融外在制度的设计者与供给者，其制度安排应是金融结构与农村经济发展状态的协调，是金融制度与农村社会内在制度发展的协调。     

Finance–growth nexus in China from an endogenous switching perspective

This study examines the relationship between financial development and economic growth across Chinese provinces with switching causality. Four states are considered: bidirectional causality (state 1); one-way causality from growth to finance (state 2); one-way causality from finance to growth (state 3); and non-causality (state 4). While state 3 dominates in developed regions, states 1 and 3 occur intermittently in other regions. This implies that the demand for financial services induced by local economic growth plays a stronger role in driving financial development in under-developed regions. Consistent with prior research, bank loans negatively affect economic growth in China.     

FDI,Productivity and Financial Development

This paper examines the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on growth by focusing on the complementarities between FDI inflows and financial markets. In our earlier work, we found that FDI is beneficial for growth only if the host country has well‐developed financial institutions. In this paper, we investigate whether this effect operates through factor accumulation and/or improvements in total factor productivity (TFP). Factor accumulation – physical and human capital – does not seem to be the main channel through which countries benefit from FDI. Instead, we find that countries with well‐developed financial markets gain significantly from FDI via TFP improvements. These results are consistent with the recent findings in the growth literature that shows the important role of TFP over factors in explaining cross‐country income differences.     

论ECFA背景下大陆企业在台湾证券市场的融资机制——借鉴香港证券市场的发展经验

在ECFA背景下,大陆与台湾之间的经贸合作必将进一步深化,此时研究台湾证券市场对大陆企业的制度开放问题具有重要的现实意义。本文认为,同属于"亚洲四小龙"的香港在经济发展历程、经济发展战略上与台湾都非常相似,而资本市场从一开始就是附属于实体经济的,是为了满足实体经济资金融通需求而发展起来的,因此,香港证券市场的成功发展策略对台湾证券市场具有很好的借鉴意义。本文研究了内地与香港CE-PA协议及其附加协议中对大陆企业融资开放的规制,认为大陆与台湾可以在ECFA附加协议的框架内达成台湾证券市场对大陆企业的融资开放,并进一步研究融资开放过程中相关法律法规的协调、有效监管体系的构建等制度构建问题。     

城乡统筹发展视角下的农村金融探究

目前,我国农村金融发展相对滞后,城乡金融二元结构比较突出。发挥金融对统筹城乡发展的支撑作用,需要从加快农村经济发展、培育市场主体、创新金融产品和服务、完善担保机构和保险体系等多个方面共同推进,同时应注重金融立法、财税扶持、发展农村经济合作组织等配套措施的完善。     

Risky business: Financial‐sector liberalization and China

China's dramatic growth in exports, its rising conflict with its trade partners over the perceived undervaluation of the renminbi, and the snail's pace of financial liberalization is pushing its bilateral trade and monetary relations to a boil. Discontent in the United States, Japan, Southeast Asia, and, most recently, Brazil, has led popular pundits and even country finance ministers to speak publicly of a “currency war” with many calling for the de‐pegging of the renminbi to the dollar and an immediate appreciation of China's currency. However, China's history of liberalization, beginning with the opening to the West in 1978, is well known as one of gradualism in trade and the financial spheres. Economic history is replete with economic crises brought on by too rapid or premature liberalization of countries' capital flows. This article presents the case both for and against capital account liberalization and highlights the risks that China in particular confronts in responding to external demands for greater openness and an appreciation of the renminbi. It clearly captures the tightrope that China must walk between responding to the demands of its trade partners and maintaining economic growth and political stability at home. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

金融发展与经济增长:基于中国区域金融发展的实证分析

本文利用误差修正模型和格兰杰因果检验对我国区域金融发展与经济增长关系进行了实证分析,结果发现区域金融发展与经济增长之间存在密切的关系.东部地区的金融发展与经济增长之间存在正向因果关系,而西部地区金融发展与经济增长之间关系则存在相互抑制关系.由此可见,中国区域金融存在显著的差异.事实上,就我国转轨经济而言,区域金融差异的形成与变化并不是区域经济发展的一个偶然结果,而是一个由中央政府制度主导到地方政府制度主导再到市场经济主体主导的渐进式制度变迁过程.     

农村金融发展与农村经济增长关系的实证研究——基于哈尔滨市1997-2011年的数据分析

采用哈尔滨市1997-2011年度的数据,在已有的研究成果的基础之上建立帕加诺模型,对农村金融发展与农村经济增长之间的辩证关系进行研究,其结果表明:哈尔滨市农村金融发展不仅没有促进农村经济增长,反而抑制了农村经济发展;农村投资效率提高未能促进农村经济增长;实际利率水平的提高不利于农村经济发展;只有农村人均收入提高可以促进农村经济增长。     

What Explains Cross‐country Industry Growth Patterns? Trade,Development and the Equity Financing Channel

We test theories that examine how economic and financial development affect cross‐country industry growth patterns. Finance theory suggests that financial development affects growth by lowering the cost of external finance. This has the implication that industries in more finance‐hungry sectors will grow faster in countries where financial markets are more developed. In addition, if financing constraints are lessened when stock market performance is high, firms in sectors more dependent on external finance should grow more rapidly following periods of good stock market performance. Trade and development theories, on the other hand, imply that a country's product‐mix and the pattern of industrial growth reflect which stage of development it is in and its factor endowments. Thus, one implication of trade/development theories is that countries that are close to each other in terms of GDP per capita should have similar patterns of industrial growth. Our tests find support for each of these theories.     

新疆金融与经济相关性实证研究

通过对新疆1990-2008年时间序列数据单位根检验,验证金融机构存贷款比率、城乡居民储蓄存款余额、国有固定投资和非国有固定资产投资与经济增长四者之间的Granger因果关系。研究表明,金融不是经济增长的Granger成因,但两者之间相协调,产生协同效应。研究进一步发现,新疆经济增长没能有效地带动金融发展,金融发展滞后于经济增长。     

浅析融资租赁在促进中小企业发展中的作用

无论在发达国家还是发展中国家,中小企业在促进经济发展、技术创新、增加税收、创造就业等方面都扮演了越来越重要的角色。然而,近几年国际金融形势动荡。经济下行压力增大,国内银根紧缩银行信贷规模受限,致使中小企业的发展遇到诸多困难。融资租赁作为一种新型的融资工具,以其门槛低、交易灵活、期限长等特点和优势,在提供融资、促进技术改造、优化资本机构、促进销售等方面为中小企业的发展起到重要的促进作用．越来越受到中小企业的重视。     

Effects of financial education on sound personal finance in Korea: Conceptualization of mediation effects of financial literacy across income classes

This study analyzed the role of financial literacy as a mediator between financial education and sound personal finance to assess how financial education affects the soundness of personal finance. In particular, this study conducted three sets of mediation analyses using data from the 2014 Consumer Empowerment Index survey of the Korea Consumer Agency to verify whether the mediating relationship is valid across different income classes of the Korean population. The results suggest that financial literacy works as a mediator between financial education and sound personal finance in the high‐income class and the middle‐income classes. Therefore, policymakers should consider the limitations of financial education and financial literacy when addressing low‐income consumers.     

Financial repression and external openness in an endogenous growth model

An endogenous growth model has been developed that extends Sidrauski (1967), Roubini and Sala-i-Martin (1992,1995) and Lucas (1988) by combining financial development, human capital investment, and external openness. Financial development and trade liberalization are shown to increase the economic growth rate by increasing the marginal benefits of human capital investment. Expansionary governments are, however, provided with an incentive to increase the money supply growth rate, to repress the financial sector, to close its economy, and to impose a high proportional income tax rate.