基于平均发电成本的风电项目经济性分析

在分析风电项目资金成本、投资回收期、发电成本等经济评价要素的特性及其计算方法的基础上,提出了基于平均发电成本的风电项目经济性评价方法,并应用于中型与大型风电项目、海上风电场与陆上风电场项目的对比分析。实证分析结果表明,该方法在风电项目经济性评价中是有效的,大型风电项目比中型风电项目更具投资价值、海上风电场的长期经济效益优于陆上风电场。     

考虑风电并网的系统充裕度评估

风电的随机性和波动性特性进一步加剧电网运行矛盾，立足于场景法，提出一种系统化的计及风电出力的电力系统充裕度评估方法。该方法为了最大程度地拟合风机出力的随机性特性，建立了基于拉丁超立方采样法(Latin hypercube sampling，LHS)和同步回带削减(Simultaneous backward reduction，SBR)技术的风电可靠性评估模型。该模型同时考虑了常规机组和风电机组的强迫停运率，涵盖了风机出力、常规机组出力和负荷三种典型场景，为含风电电力系统充裕度评估的所有阶段提供了模型化支持。在前期工作的基础上，给出了电力充裕度和调峰充裕度指标计算方法，具有一定的可行性；利用充裕度指标引入平衡点的概念，为确定合适的风电接入规模提供了指导。最后应用IEEE-RTS系统进行电力系统的综合充裕度评估，验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

海上风电需从长计议

本刊记者：对于海上风电的发展,有人认为应该尽早在海上风电领域占领一席之地,而有观点则认为我国海上风电处在从理论走向实践的阶段,并不意味着我国进入了“海上风电时代”,因此大规模进行海上风电开发还不太现实。对此,您怎么看？是否有必要“圈海”？达到什么条件,我们才可以规模化发展海上风电？ 顾为东：随着风力发电的迅速发展,陆上风力发电在一些人口密集、土地资源稀缺的地方出现了瓶颈。毕竟它需要占用土地,影响自然景观,视觉和噪音污染明显,对周围居民生活带来不便。近海风速高且平稳,湍流强度小,风电机组发电量多,风资源容易预测。海上风电场已成为世界风电发展的新领域和必然方向。     

风电设备运输甲板驳船的靠泊方案设计分析

总结在海上风场建设过程中运输甲板驳船在安装机位点进行风电机组设备过驳吊装过程中3种锚泊方案，并通过数值分析方法仿真模拟运输甲板驳船的运动响应和锚泊系统系泊力情况，对比分析3种锚泊方式的优劣和适用范围，为海上风机吊装制定合理的运输驳船的靠泊方案提供参考依据。     

基于山脊线提取的山地风电选址及自动布机研究

针对山地风电场宏观选址和风电机组自动排布方法及流程进行研究,总结分析风电场宏观选址的一般方法及流程,针对山地风电场的特点,提出一种基于山脊线提取的山地风电选址及自动布机方法.该方法结合地理信息技术,以风能资源数据和地形数据为基础,初选出山地风电场范围;利用空间分析工具进行用地分析,剔除范围内不能用于场址建设的限制性因素,从而筛选出适宜的山区开发用地;利用分水岭特征进行山脊线提取,并考虑设备选型、排布策略和风能密度图谱实现山地风电场风电机组的自动排布.     

项目动态

河北:乐亭月坨岛海上风电场一期300MW项目获批2014年12月31日,国电电力河北新能源开发有限公司唐山乐亭月坨岛海上风电场一期工程获河北省发展改革委核准批复。这是自国电电力浙江舟山海上风电获得核准后,国电电力在海上风电项目开发上取得的又一新突破。唐山乐亭月坨岛海上风电场一期工程拟安装75台4兆瓦风电机组,规划总容量为300兆瓦。该工程位于唐山市乐亭县东南部海域,场址东西长约8.6公里,南北长约8.2公里,场址水深在15—21米     

基于MIDAS有限元分析法100 M级叶片变桨俯仰后处理设备力学分析

风电叶片的发展无论是海上风电机组还是陆上风电机组或陆上超低风速风电机组，其趋势都是大型化，其结果就是叶片的设计大型化、重量越来越大。传统的叶片后处理方式是通过人工对其进行打磨喷涂，此过程中需要翻转叶片，传统的方式为使用圈车或定滑轮工装等方式翻转叶片进行后处理操作，极易损坏叶片及腹板部分。为了避免叶片损伤，产出高质量的叶片成品，研发一种综合后处理智能操作系统，对叶片进行自由俯仰及自由旋转操作，从而实现对叶片的打磨、喷漆以及进行相控阵无损检测的功能迫在眉睫。文章首先利用Solidworks三维软件的建模功能，提供一种大型风力发电叶片变桨俯仰后处理设备设计技术，具体包括底座装置、回转装置、变桨装置及液压泵站等模块，接着利用MIDAS有限元软件的分析功能，提供了一种叶片变桨俯仰后处理设备有限元分析技术，对设备在各种翻转工况下的受力变形情况进行分析，确保叶片在变桨、升降过程中的安全性。分析结果表明，该变桨俯仰后处理设备的设计满足强度和刚度要求。     

一种风电机组带载测试方案的研究与开发

为满足风电制造企业对风机带载能力以及控制系统的测试需求,文章提出了一种风机测试方案。该方案不仅能测试整个风机系统带载情况,还能模拟一些风场电网故障,以检验风电机组在此状况下的运行情况,同时也为风电机组控制策略的验证开发提供了一种检验手段。     

葛洲坝集团承建的世界第二高双曲拱坝全线到顶

日前，中交集团传来喜讯。该集团所属三航局承建的亚洲最大风力发电场——东海大桥100兆瓦风电示范项目主体工程提前完工。该风电示范项目是2010年上海绿色世博的标志性项目，是我国第一个大型海上风电项目，也是亚洲第一个海上风电项目。     

海上风电产业投资法律风险分析

近期《海上风电登记管理暂行办法》颁布后，我国首轮海上风电招标项目进入风启动阶段．竞标企业应当注意识别和分析当前该领域存在的法律风险     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

On the Major Transformation of the Asia-Pacific Regional Structure北大核心CSSCISSCI

Recent years have witnessedsignificant changes in the Asia-Pacific regionalstructure featuring the shift in power balance among related countries as well as adjust-ments in their respective regional strategies. So what is the prevailing trend in thistransformation and what kind of regional order will likely emerge in the future？ To an-swer these questions, the paper tries to explore the following dimensions： the evolvingregional context, shift in power balance and power conversion, geo-political and geo-e-conomic developments and interactions between them, and evolving regional order. Asthe study shows, the broadening of regional geographical scope, the rise in the numberof actors involved, as well as changesin the relations among them, have combined tocast a pluralistic and complex flavor to the regional structure. While the power balanceamong China, the United States and Japan shifts, and power conversion is also occur-ring. China and Japan are paying increasing attention to their security roles, whereasthe United States under the Obama administration laid more stress on expanding itsgeo-economic clout. In spite of the intensifying geopolitical competition among China,the United States and Japan in recent years, a Sino-US strategic compromise-whichholds the key to regional geopolitics-isother front, some kind of geo-economicmore likely to take place in the future. On thecooperation will probably emerge. In the longerterm, it will be the geo-economic trend thatwill prevail over the geopolitical trend inthe region. Finally, the future evolution of regional order wiI1 mainly follow the eco-nomic logic, accompanied by the dilutionof its hegemonic and hierarchical nature.Hence, a pluralistic and complex regional community will emerge.     

The German Hanse and Bergen – new perspectives on an old subject

Abstract

The Hanseatic League and her kontors (trading posts) were an integral part of the medieval trade system in Northern Europe. Hanse merchants dominated many markets in this region and managed to maintain a monopoly-like role in towns like Novgorod and Bergen for many centuries. Consequently, one focus of historical research about the Hanseatic League lay on the mechanisms that enabled the Hanse merchants to keep that strong of a position for such a long time.

This article is part of the discussion about this topic. Based on Lübeck merchants with business interest in the Norwegian town of Bergen, the so-called Bergenfahrers (Bergen travellers), it will give new insights into the Hansards' economical and social organization. The three main points are (a) the integration of the Bergen market in the Hanseatic trade network as an intermediary trading place on the vivid East–West route of Hanse trade; (b) the importance of the Bergenfahrers within the Hanse merchants' economical, social and political networks; and (c) the structure of the Bergenfahrers network patterns in the late Middle Ages.

In addition to new insights into the important role of Bergen and the Bergenfahrers within Lübeck's and the other Wendish Hanse towns' trading system, this articles provides further proof for the usefulness of the methods of Social Network Analysis in medieval economic research.     

Organization and incentives in the age of sail

The British Navy in the age of sail was the most successful bureaucracy of its time. Its organization and incentive structures differed importantly from contemporaneous private sailing ventures, but closely resembled those of today’s large corporations. To induce efficient effort, the navy used a hierarchical tournament, in which sailors competed for higher pay that came with promotions based on relative performance. Promotion probabilities, the option value of future promotions, and the higher effort required of men in higher ranks and on larger vessels, combined to yield a highly skewed pay structure.     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.     

以资本管理为核心的银行治理综合评价指标研究

商业银行的特殊性体现在风险性、外部性和多重治理目标上，尤其集中体现在风险管理的本质上。风险管理日益成为现代商业银行的主体活动和核心职能，资本管理成为现代商业银行风险管理的核心。在整合EVA和RAROC指标的基础上。文章构建了以资本管理为核心的银行治理的综合评价指标，以求真实反映银行经营的成果，有效衡量风险收益和风险成本的对比关系，从而反映以资本管理为核心的银行风险管理的过程、能力和效率。     

Financial Reporting and Trade Credit: Evidence from Mandatory IFRS Adoption*

We investigate the effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on trade credit. We document that firms in countries that adopt IFRS receive more trade credit from their suppliers, consistent with improved financial reporting quality and comparability playing a role in facilitating informal financing. This increase is larger for countries with a low level of societal trust, a poor pre‐IFRS‐adoption information environment, and stronger legal enforcement. These cross‐sectional results suggest that the conditions under which higher‐quality information is made publicly available affect suppliers' decisions to provide trade credit. This increase is also larger for firms with greater exposure to foreign markets, a finding that highlights the importance of more comparable international financial reporting standards in facilitating cross‐country trade credit. We also find that IFRS adoption has a stronger positive effect on trade credit for firms with greater liquidity needs. Finally, we find that firms in countries that adopt IFRS also extend more trade credit to their customers. Overall, our results support the notion that financial reporting can have a causal effect on trade credit.     

Markteintrittstiming von Telekommunikationsdiensteanbietern

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie analysiert für 87 Neuprodukteinführungen (NPE) und Auslandsmarkteintritte (AME) von Telekommunikations(TK)-Diensteanbietern in Deutschland, zu denen 42 Schlüsselinformanten in einer schriftlichen Befragung Auskunft gaben, (1) inwieweit deren zeitliche Eintrittspositionierung durch Marktcharakteristika und Unternehmensressourcen erkl?rbar ist sowie (2) inwieweit und gegebenenfalls unter welchen unternehmensexternen und -internen Situationsbedingungen deren Markteintrittstiming mit dem wahrgenommenen Eintrittserfolg assoziiert ist. Ein früher Markteintritt wurde dann realisiert, wenn die Wettbewerbsintensit?t im adressierten Gesch?ft niedrig und das Budget für den Expansionsschritt überdurchschnittlich ausfielen. Zwischen dem Markteintrittstiming und der Beurteilung des Eintrittserfolgs bestand ein nicht monotoner, umgekehrt U-f?rmiger Zusammenhang: Frühe Folger wiesen signifikant bessere Erfolgswerte auf als Pioniere und sp?te Folger, deren Erfolgsniveaus nicht signifikant divergierten. In einer Industrie, die durch starke externe Netzeffekte gepr?gt ist, fallen offenbar die Nachteile eines Markteintritts als Pionier oder sp?ter Folger st?rker ins Gewicht als die Vorteile dieser beiden zeitlichen Eintrittspositionierungen. Unabh?ngig vom Markteintrittstiming wurden NPE/AME von TK-Unternehmen als erfolgreicher eingestuft, wenn sie sich in einen Markt mit stark wachsender Nachfrage und aufeinander abgestimmt (re)agierenden Wettbewerbern mit qualitativ überdurchschnittlichen, abw?rtskompatiblen, erprobbaren und wenig erkl?rungsbedürftigen TK-Diensten engagierten.