贵州生态补偿融资渠道探索

本文通过对西电东送的电价现状以及电力生产过程中产生的环境负外部性进行分析,结合国际生态补偿融资的经验,提出在贵州少数民族地区“西电东送”的电价中建立生态补偿基金,拓宽生态补偿的融资渠道的思路,分析了建立该生态基金的必要性、可行性、存在的困难以及解决问题的建议。     

贵州生态补偿融资渠道探索

本文通过对西电东送的电价现状以及电力生产过程中产生的环境负外部性进行分析,结合国际生态补偿融资的经验,提出在贵州少数民族地区“西电东送”的电价中建立生态补偿基金,拓宽生态补偿的融资渠道的思路,分析了建立该生态基金的必要性、可行性、存在的困难以及解决问题的建议。     

对居民生活用电实施阶梯式电价的思考

随着电价改革的逐步深入,居民用电将逐步推行阶梯式递增电价,这是推进我国电价改革的关键一步,有助于优化我国销售电价结构,促进居民节约用电,目前已经在全国许多城市推广和实施。为了更有效地提高用电效率,本文从经济学角度对现行居民阶梯式电价进行分析,提出了改进后带补贴的阶梯式电价制度。     

基于电价营销策略的峰谷分时电价及可中断负荷电价研究

电价营销是电力市场营销策略的重要手段,本论在分析各地区的电价营销经验的基础上提出了具体改进意见和实施措施,对于推进我国电价营销具有一定的借鉴意义。     

关于脱硝电价成本测算与试行政策研究

节能减排一直是现代经济社会发展的重点内容，火电厂脱硝改造也成为社会上下热点关注的话题。本文针对现阶段我国脱硝电价政策试行的情况。以及脱硝电价试点存在的问题进行分析，提出了一些个人观点，希望对我国脱硝电价的进一步改造和完善的实施有所帮助。     

阶梯电价引发的创新思考

实行阶梯电价意味着我国电力经济改革和节能环保政策开始向微观经济领域渗透。实施阶梯电价,有利于推动家电行业采用节电技术和开发节电产品,为提高资源利用率起到了很大的促进作用。预计不久的将来,居民生活用水和天燃气等也都将实行"阶梯价格"。阶梯电价出台,也不可能一下子做到尽善尽美。及时发现阶梯电价制度设计中存在的问题,并采取相应配套措施加以弥补,有利于此项改革取得更加圆满的结果。现行阶梯电价至少在以下几方面还存在一些值得注意和解决的问题:一、阶梯电价将会让电采暖不寒而栗。阶     

基于可持续发展的电价政策体系研究

近年来,我国已出台的电价政策存在一定的缺陷,而且也不能有效覆盖变化了的(厂、网分开)的电力行业。主要表现在:煤、电价格联动未能充分地反映电力的燃料成本变化,上网电价以基于经营期成本回收方法的单一电量制为主,不能适应变化了的电力行业结构。调节性能好的水电及抽水蓄能电价仍实行单一电量制,使该类电源的功能不能合理发挥。销售电价总水平监管尚未执行任何规范性方法,仍处于"相机抉择"状态,调整不及时、不到位,电价结构不合理,"交叉补贴"更加严重。针对这些问题,本文提出了完善我国电价政策体系的对策建议。     

电价改革的思考

价格改革是电力市场化改革的核心。伴随电力工业体制改革和电力市场的发展,现行电价政策、制定电价的方法等已越来越不适应新形势的要求,暴露出了诸多弊端,在一定程度上已阻碍了电力工业的健康发展。如何进行电价改革是大家关注的问题。     

基于BARY曲线的基本电价测算模型研究

本文针对目前两部制电价中基本电费按容量计费导致基本电价水平偏低、不能合理配置电力资源的问题,以长期边际成本理论为基础,结合描述电力系统负荷特性同时率与负荷率关系的BARY经验曲线,构建了容量成本在基本电费和电度电费中的分摊模型,并用某市电力局提供的有关数据,依据该模型测算了按电压等级和负荷特性划分的分类用户的基本电价。结果表明,该模型是确定基本电价的一种可行工具。     

阶梯电价引发的创新思考

实行阶梯电价意味着我国电力经济改革和节能环保政策开始向微观经济领域渗透。实施阶梯电价，有利于推动家电行业采用节电技术和开发节电产品，为提高资源利用率起到了很大的促进作用。预计不久的将来，居民生活用水和天燃气等也都将实行“阶梯价格”。阶梯电价出台，也不可能一下子做到尽善尽美。及时发现阶梯电价制度设计中存在的问题，     

Restructuring of the Hungarian Electricity Industry

Restructuring the monopolistic, state-owned, obsolete and polluting utility industries of post-socialist economies poses a challenge for the utility deregulation wave travelling around the world. Utility restructuring in the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) region is unique from several perspectives, including the domination of foreign capital vs. national resources as the only feasible vehicle for a drastic change in the industry and the ambitious goals of harmonisation with the EU liberalisation schedule to accelerate accession. It is also widely expected that deregulation will help bring down world-record high energy intensities in these economies. Hungary has been the pioneer among economies in transition in unbundling, deregulating and privatising the utility industries and taking the first steps towards EU-conforming market liberalisation within less than half a decade. The first stages of privatisation and restructuring have been declared a success story in the Western media. However, what is a success story from a foreign perspective may be seen differently from other viewpoints. The article describes the process of utility restructuring in Hungary and examines its impact from the economic, environmental and policy perspectives. The article also compares the pioneer Hungarian deregulation with other CEE countries' restructuring of their energy sectors. However, the lessons to be learned from the Hungarian electricity industry restructuring are not only vital for other economies in transition but are often universally applicable.     

中国电价扭曲与电力强度的影响因素

利用改进的C-D生产函数,估算了1978—2012年中国的电价扭曲程度。以电力强度为被解释变量,以电价扭曲程度、要素结构、城市化水平、产业结构等为解释变量,构建了协整模型,基于此对截至2020年中国电力强度的变化趋势进行了情景分析预测。研究结果表明:改革开放以来,中国电力能源价格发生了明显的负向扭曲,20世纪90年代初扭曲程度最大,此后整体上呈缓慢下降态势,但扭曲现象仍非常明显;电价扭曲程度每变化1%,中国电力强度同向波动约0.2155%,重工业发展对中国电力强度的刺激作用最强,推进城市化进程和优化产业结构可明显抑制中国的电力强度;2020年中国的电力强度将下降至约150千瓦时/千元。     

Evaluating the British Model of Electricity Deregulation

Abstract ** :  A key aspect of the 1990 reforms to the British electricity supply industry was the introduction of a formal system of regulation by an autonomous regulatory body. It was expected that replacement of monopolies in some areas by markets and price‐setting in monopoly areas using a simple incentive formula would mean that regulation of the industry would be 'light'. This article examines how regulation has turned out in practice. It concludes that the promise of 'light' regulation has not been fulfilled. Regulation of competitive markets is a major regulatory activity, incentive regulation has evolved into a complex and intrusive form of rate‐of‐return, while regulation of industry structure has allowed the industry to descend into a concentrated, vertically integrated structure, at odds with the aims of the reforms .     

世界电力产业的发展趋势对我国的启示--研究电力产业自然垄断、竞争和管制的重要意义

近年来,以打破垄断、促进竞争、提高效益、降低电价、改进服务为基本取向的电力产业改革,已成为国际电力产业的发展趋势。本文总结了以竞争为出发点的各国电力产业改革的共同点,并且针对我国电力产业的特殊性,提出研究电力产业改革的战略思路,并分析了电力产业自然垄断、竞争和管制的关系,是非常必要的。     

Pitfalls in Restructuring the Electricity Industry

Abstract. This paper models some reductions in output that may follow the opening of electricity markets to competition. Specifically, we show that vertical separation of electricity generation, transmission and distribution could reduce welfare compared to the previous system of vertically integrated monopoly, if grid owners can act as monopolistic retailers or, alternatively, set access prices that maximize merchandizing surplus. Moreover, we show that a rule of non‐discriminatory pricing would not remedy any of these problems. Hence, to secure the efficiency gains of deregulation, the re‐regulation of the remaining monopolistic core – the electric grid – cannot rely on simple rules like cost‐based non‐discriminatory pricing.     

Implementing Electricity Restructuring

Electricity is one of the last U.S.industries in which competition is replacingregulation. We briefly review the technologyfor producing and delivering power, the historyof electricity policy, and recent state andinternational experience. We then outline themajor questions facing policymakers as theydecide whether, when, and how to implementrestructuring. We conclude with some thoughtson the California electricity crisis and otherpolitical controversies. Although theCalifornia experience has come to define whatit means for electricity markets to fail, mostof the problems it raised are among those weknow how to solve or prevent. The stillunresolved make-or-break issue remains whetherthe cooperation necessary to maintainreliability is compatible with the degree ofcompetition necessary to bring about greaterefficiency and lower prices.     

Managing Electricity Risk

In this paper we propose an algorithm for pricing derivatives written about electricity in an incomplete market setting. A discrete time model for price dynamics which embodies the main features of electricity price revealed by simple time series analysis is considered. We use, jointly, Binomial and Monte Carlo methods for pricing under a risk–neutral measure of which we prove the existence.     

电力需求分析与实证研究

目前中国电力供应长期处于紧张状态,需求大于供给的矛盾将长期存在,需求预测管理将有助于缓解供需矛盾。分析影响电力需求的主要经济因素,建立计量经济模型,对分析和预测电力需求的增长具有现实的意义。     

电力市场交易模式探讨

通过比较和分析电力市场交易中的现货交易、远期合约以及期货交易之间的相互区别和特点，提出必须在电力市场中建立和完善电力期货交易机制，并与现行的现货交易手段和远期合约手段进行结合，充分利用期货交易的价格发现功能和风险防范功能以促进电力商品价格的规范，防范价格的频繁波动，进一步健全电力市场交易方式，促进电力工业与国民经济的健康有序发展。