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1.
陈成文  余丽敏  陈静 《经济地理》2019,39(5):198-206
土地托管推进了以土地与劳动为资产的收益模式发展,然而,其是否具有益贫性或者能够成为资产收益扶贫的方式有待探讨。以湖南省H县的农户为研究对象,探讨土地托管对于贫困户资产收益的影响,以及影响土地托管实现资产收益扶贫的主要因素。结果表明:土地托管有利于增加贫困户的资产收益;土地托管中,影响贫困户资产收益的因素主要有贫困户的家庭劳动力数量、贫困户参与土地托管的时间、贫困家庭劳动力的平均年龄、贫困家庭劳动力平均受教育年限。因此,家庭劳动力的缺失、劳动力人力资本与社会资本的缺失都制约着贫困家庭的资产收益增长。这就需要在土地托管过程中,为贫困户提供托管生产与服务费用补贴;通过“能力”扶贫增强贫困家庭劳动力的发展能力;通过“机会”扶贫增加贫困家庭劳动力的就业机会。  相似文献   

2.
This article examines the nature of migrant remittances and the amount by which income poverty and inequality will be reduced given migrants’ remittances. We used the living standard survey (NLSS) data set produced by the government of Nigeria to help track poverty reduction progress. The unit of analysis was the household, upon which information on remittances was analysed. From the results, 94% of households received remittances through internal channels while less than 5% received them through international channels. Remittances alleviated poverty head count by 20% and helped to equalize household income inequality by 25%.  相似文献   

3.
This article investigates the process of reducing poverty in ethnic minority households. Using two recent Vietnam household surveys, we find that ethnic minority households are more likely to be persistently poor and less likely to be persistently non-poor than ethnic majority households. The within-group component generated by the variation in income within each ethnicity group explains more than 90% of the change in total inequality. Income redistribution plays an important role in decreasing the poverty gap and decreasing poverty severity. Different ethnic groups have different poverty patterns, which should be noted when designing policies to alleviate poverty and inequality.  相似文献   

4.
文章基于大别山片区湖北省域内38个行政村农户调查数据,从微型角度将所访易地扶贫搬迁农户家庭收入科学分类。借助地理探测器(Geographic detector)和Tobit模型(Tobit model),探究搬迁户家庭收入结构转变和收入高低的影响因子,确定影响因子解释力优先序列和显著性,结合分析结果提出适宜建议。结果表明:(1)收入结构单因子解释力有很大差异,且双因子交互作用驱动力均高于单一因子。其中家庭类型和家庭综合受教育程度驱动力最为显著。(2)各影响因子分别作用于家庭工资性、生产经营性、转移性收入的贡献度有所不同,收入提升阶段应重点关注贡献程度较高的影响因子。(3)易地扶贫搬迁后续巩固提升工作,应因户施策地引导搬迁户选取适宜家庭未来生计生活提升的收入结构优化路径。  相似文献   

5.
为考察新农保在精准扶贫时期能否降低农村低收入家庭的贫困脆弱性,本文利用2014—2018年家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,基于2 300元/年和每人每天32美元两类不同贫困标准衡量的贫困脆弱性指标,采用双向固定效应模型和工具变量法进行实证检验。研究发现,总体而言,缴费参与新农保对农村低收入家庭的贫困脆弱性具有显著削弱作用,但领取新农保在一定程度上加剧了农村低收入家庭的贫困脆弱程度。根据领保状态的分阶段分析发现,缴费参与新农保和缴费参保人数增加对未领保家庭和领保家庭的贫困脆弱性都具有显著改善作用,但领取新农保和领保人数对贫困脆弱性没有显著影响。异质性分析表明,缴费参与新农保可以改善健康成员家庭的贫困脆弱性,对无储蓄家庭和无借贷家庭的贫困脆弱程度具有显著缓解作用。机制检验表明,缴费参与新农保可以通过提高家庭生产性固定资产和减少代际转移,进而缓解家庭贫困脆弱性程度,而领取新农保则通过增加子女对老人的经济支持而加剧家庭贫困脆弱程度。  相似文献   

6.
采用SYS-GMM方法对中国省际面板数据进行估计,实证检验了中小企业的减贫效应,从中小企业所有制的角度考察该地区差异的成因。结果显示:中小企业的减贫效应存在明显的地区差异;中小企业初始国有资本比重对地区长期贫困减缓具有显著的负面影响;以中小企业私人资本比重的提高为特征的中小企业所有制结构变化对贫困减缓的积极作用最为显著,外商资本次之,国有资本对贫困减缓具有消极作用。指出:政府应进一步促进中小企业所有制改革,采取差异化政策,积极引导私人资本和外商资本向中西部地区流动,充分发挥中小企业的减贫作用。  相似文献   

7.
中国、巴西都是发展中国家,贫困问题尤其是城市贫困问题在一定程度上具有相似性。从巴西反贫困经验看,中国在城市反贫困问题上应缩小收入分配差距,扩大中等阶层收入,保护农村流动人口合法权益,给予城市农村流动人口与城市居民平等待遇并建立健全社会保障体系。  相似文献   

8.
贫困的多维福利剥夺程度高低和持续时间长短是近年来理论界关注的焦点,也是政府制定精准扶贫政策的重要理论依据.文章综合Alkire和Foster(2011)提出的多维贫困测算方法和Foster(2009)提出的长期贫困测算方法,构建了长期多维贫困指数和暂时多维贫困指数,实证分析了中国的贫困状况,并进行了城乡分解、指标分解和区域分解.结果发现:第一,样本家庭在多维视角下的长期贫困比例要高于暂时贫困,这与单一地从收入角度来分析长期贫困和暂时贫困的结论恰好相反;第二,对于所有类型的贫困而言,教育年限、医疗保险和健康的贡献度都排在前三位,但健康对于长期贫困人口的贡献度要明显高于暂时贫困;第三,总体看来,农村的多维贫困程度不仅高于城市,而且很多指标的贫困持续时间也要高于城市;第四,从四大区域看,经济发展水平较低的中西部地区,长期多维贫困程度要高于东部和东北部地区.  相似文献   

9.
Preferential loans play an important role in the process of reducing poverty in developing countries. Considering the data set from the 2010 Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey, we aim to examine the influential factors in probability of households getting access to preferential loans. Additionally, we analyze the determinants of household income in association with the loans by applying a quantile regression model. Our results show that ethnicity-related factors have the largest marginal effect on the access to preferential loans. The results from the quantile regression model demonstrate that the debt factor has a deeper impact on the borrowing group at the lower quantiles of household income.  相似文献   

10.
    
The expansion of the Internet in developing countries has important implications for the economic development of rural areas. Although many studies have investigated various benefits of Internet use, little attention has been paid to find the relationship between Internet use and the economic well‐being of rural households. This paper, therefore, investigates the effects of Internet use on household income and expenditure, using a sample of rural households from China. Both endogenous treatment regression (ETR) and unconditional quantile regression (UQR) techniques are used to identify the homogenous and heterogeneous effects of Internet use, respectively. The ETR results show that Internet use increases household income and expenditure significantly. However, the UQR results reveal that Internet use has a larger impact at the upper distributions of household income and expenditure.  相似文献   

11.
Abstract:

We analyze some core features of the institutional transformation of the Canadian and U.S. economies over the last half century, as they became increasingly financialized economies resting on household consumption as the key contributor to economic growth, despite weak growth in real wages and personal disposable income. This growth in consumption spending is highly fragile not only because it is a debt-led growth that has relied on an unsustainable expansion of household indebtedness largely dependent on credit bubbles in the housing market, but also because of the perverse form of this indebtedness. Studied from the angle of disaggregated household consumption/saving behavior, it is the poorest and most vulnerable households who have been building up unsustainable debt, thereby presaging increasing financial fragility and crises.  相似文献   

12.
方黎明  张秀兰 《财经研究》2007,33(12):47-57
中国农村制度化扶贫是一种开发式扶贫战略,其政策效应日益削弱:农村绝对贫困人口更为分散;相当数量的真正贫困人口没有能力从扶贫项目中受益;现行的扶贫策略也难以有效针对疾病、教育等致贫风险。现阶段中国扶贫政策在收入救助的同时,更应该注重提高贫困风险人群应对贫困风险的能力。  相似文献   

13.
科技支撑贫困地区产业发展是科技扶贫的重要内容。河北省阜平县在脱贫攻坚过程中,借助科技要素,充分发挥当地资源环境优势,促进了蔬菜产业转型升级和贫困人口脱贫致富。本文将科技支撑贫困地区产业发展的作用机制归纳为适应当地优势的产业选择机制、以"亲贫性"技术为主的技术供给机制、有利于农户合作的组织机制以及提高应用意愿的技术风险化解机制等。并介绍了科技促进阜平县蔬菜产业发展的主要做法及成效,结合科技支撑蔬菜产业发展中面临的问题,提出了科技促进贫困地区产业发展的建议。  相似文献   

14.
依托山东地区政府生态扶贫实地调查所获得的776份问卷数据,运用二元Logistic模型对非传统生态脆弱区贫困群体的生态资源感知及生态脱贫意向进行实证分析。样本区域贫困群体的生态资源感知指数介于2.307~2.953之间,无较大差异,超过90%的贫困群体存在积极生态脱贫意向。实证结果表明:(1)非传统生态脆弱区生态资源韧性大,贫困群体的生态资源供给感知敏感度低于生态资源需求感知;(2)非传统生态脆弱区贫困群体的生态脱贫意向首先直接受到生态保护补偿扶贫政策的刺激,除了补助金补偿,还应通过就业机会补偿、市场化补偿等多种形式刺激贫困群体的发展积极性;(3)其次生态脱贫意向还受到生态资源感知、生态脱贫政策和社会人口特征的交互影响。  相似文献   

15.
已有的研究表明,社会资本累积对经济增长和家庭收入增长会产生重要影响,居民家庭社会资本存量存在显著差异,但在其累积过程中却不存在明显的城乡差别,家庭居住地的经济环境和政府行为对家庭社会资本的累积无显著影响,社会资本累积对家庭收入的影响并不显著。  相似文献   

16.
我国实现了世界上最大规模和最快速度的减贫,创造了全人类反贫困事业的伟大奇迹,彰显出中国特色社会主义制度的巨大优越性和国家治理体系与治理能力的生机和活力。但由于贫困成因的复杂性和脱贫的脆弱性,如何从机制设计上巩固脱贫成果、阻止贫困复归,是今后反贫困长期面临的重要任务。本文结合后扶贫时代我国农业农村工作重点,运用规范研究方法,从四个方面提出了有效构建稳固脱贫的长效机制,包括:构建稳固脱贫与精准扶贫政策延续机制;稳固脱贫与乡村产业振兴衔接机制;稳固脱贫与壮大集体经济共促机制;稳固脱贫与\"扶志\"\"扶智\"并举的内生动力和能力机制。  相似文献   

17.
我国已经如期实现了精准脱贫的目标,成功按期消除了绝对贫困,这同时意味着我国进入了后扶贫时代.如何巩固深度贫困地区和人口的扶贫成果,防止出现规模性退化或返贫,应当是后扶贫时代需要深入思考和解决的重大课题.经验证明,当贫困地区和贫困人口按标准成功摆脱贫困以后,会出现一定的退化现象,从而需要有一个脱贫成果的巩固期.特别是那些...  相似文献   

18.
农户是农村经济活动的行为主体,是农业生产中最基本的决策单元。因此,农户经济及其经营行为与持续农业及农村经济发展关系密切。依据黑河流域中游地区农户抽样调查的统计数据,分析了近5年来农户收入的现状和趋势,在此基础上总结了当前农户经营行为的特点,并运用经济学模型对农户经营行为及其对农户收入的影响进行了理论分析。最后根据得出的结论,对政府部门制定农业政策与农村体制提出了一些建议。  相似文献   

19.
中国农村长期贫困程度、特征与影响因素   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
基于2002年的中国家庭收入项目(CHIP)调查数据,考察了中国农村的长期贫困与暂时性贫困。研究发现:中国农村更多呈现出暂时性消费贫困的特征,并且贫困家庭脱贫后进入高收入阶层的机会较小;离贫困线越远,其脱贫能力越低,离贫困线越近,其返贫的比例越高。远离区域经济中心、家庭负担较重、小孩老人较多的家庭容易陷入长期贫困。村支书的年轻化对于中下层贫困阶层摆脱长期贫困具有重要意义。社会政治资本、劳动力素质和居住条件是影响中等贫困家庭脱离长期贫困的重要因素。  相似文献   

20.
This paper discusses the role of social, institutional, and psychological factors in the consumption and borrowing behavior of low-income households, and makes arguments in favor of policy interventions to alleviate some of the challenges of these households. Focus group evidence and findings on the current behaviors and borrowing patterns of low-income families are provided to support and motivate this perspective on consumption and policy. While the data are drawn from a specific region, the observations and findings could be generalized to other communities after accounting for different cultural and social characteristics. This research provides an in-depth understanding of the challenges confronted by low-income individuals at achieving their economic desires for lives of basic dignity, explores both economic and non-economic motivations, and provides insights useful for policy deliberation and model development.  相似文献   

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