国际技术扩散的理论与实证:一个文献综述

在日益开放的全球经济体系下,国际技术扩散已成为发展中国家和地区获取技术进步和经济增长的主要途径,国际技术扩散正逐渐成为影响区域经济竞争力的关键因素。本文试图对有关外贸经济与技术扩散的众多理论和实证文献进行系统梳理和评述,以期进一步认识外贸经济对技术扩散的作用以及为如何促进其发展提供一些帮助。     

融资约束与异质性企业出口前沿研究述评

融资约束与异质性企业出口是贸易金融领域研究的一个重要理论问题。本文概括性解读了融资约束的成因、融资约束水平的测度、融资约束对异质性企业出口的影响机理与实证分析等多方面前沿研究进展,讨论存在的问题,并预示未来该领域的研究范式与方向。本文的贡献不仅对该领域后续研究提供重要参考,更是对中国深化贸易金融改革,实现贸易经济长期稳态发展,具有重要的理论价值和极强的现实意义。     

技术进步对经济增长贡献测度方法的研究进展

本文分析归纳了经济增长理论中技术进步对经济增长贡献的测度方法研究的发展进程。在分析技术进步对经济增长贡献的测度方法与生产技术水平相适应的关系的基础上,重点阐述了生产函数计量估计方法、增长核算方法和基于信息技术的增长核算方法这三种主流测度方法,概述了其计算原理、计算公式和适应性,并指出测度方法需要进行新的探索的必要性。     

交易费用的测度:理论的发展及应用

交易费用的测度是交易费用经济学从理论研究走向实证研究的重要环节,它对于比较制度分析和理解不同国家间经济绩效差异也有重要的意义.由于交易费用概念的多样性,在交易费用的测度方面仍然缺少统一的理论框架,不过近些年来宏观交易费用、微观交易费用的测度以及经验性研究都取得了重要的进展,并在应用经济学中得到广泛运用.本文对交易费用测度的理论发展和应用进行了系统的评介,并展望了未来的研究方向.     

投资者注意力指标测度的研究综述与展望

投资者注意力从认知心理学视角开启了行为金融学新的研究范式,并对金融资产定价和财务行为产生了深远的影响。而实证研究中如何科学测度投资者注意力一直是该领域研究的难点问题。文章通过对已有文献的梳理,从竞争性信息的干扰程度、信息的显著和易处理程度以及交易特性三个方面对投资者注意力的测度文献进行了系统整理和分析,重点在导入认知心理学的理论基础上,对比分析了这三方面指标的优缺点、注意问题及其适应范围,最后提出了未来的研究展望。     

关于金融控股公司微观层面的文献综述

国际上,许多学者对金融机构集团化进行了理论或实证研究。在研究过程中,由于角度各异,研究的方向各有侧重。即便是方向一致,也经常因为研究方法的不同而结论迥异。本文将这些文献分为"经营绩效"分析、成本(规模经济/范围经济/X效率)评估、"生产效率"的测度、经营风险和管理以及金融控股公司(FHC)整合前后的价值变化等五个主要领域,力图在每一领域中展示比较有代表性文献的研究结论并进行简短评论。     

我国生产者服务业对国际服务贸易贡献率的理论和实证研究

国际服务贸易是近二十几年来世界经济中一个新兴的重要领域,且正在受到越来越多国家的瞩目和重视。改革开放以来,我国服务贸易快速发展,生产者服务业作为我国国际服务贸易的重要组成部分,在其中发挥了重要作用。本文通过实证的计量方法并引用投入产出表针对我国生产者服务业对国际服务贸易的贡献度进行了理论与实证研究,探析了贡献度的大小,以便为今后更快提升我国国际服务贸易寻找最佳途径。     

ODI、逆向技术溢出与吸收能力的文献综述

对外直接投资(ODI)是国际技术溢出与扩散的又一重要渠道。逆向技术溢出促进投资母国企业技术进步已成为产业界关注的焦点和学术界争论的话题。在结合国内外已有研究的基础上,从国际直接投资的理论基础、ODI逆向技术溢出的存在性与逆向技术溢出吸收能力三个方面对逆向技术溢出理论与实证研究进行了分析与评述,总结了ODI逆向技术溢出效应研究的理论体系,以期为未来的研究提供借鉴。     

论技术扩散和区域差距

区域经济差距逐渐加大是任何国家经济发展中需要解决的的现实问题,本文利用经济增长核算模型从技术扩散的角度对国内地区差距进行了实证分析。结果表明,来自国内和国外的技术扩散是影响经济增长的重要因素,技术扩散的不平衡在一定程度上导致了国内地区间的经济差距。     

我国商品国际竞争力实证分析

本文运用贸易差额作为国际竞争力的测度指标,以初级产品和工业制成品为对象,研究得出我国目前在国际市场上初级产品不具备国际竞争力而工业制成品具备竞争力的结论同时进一步运用产品单位价值法对我国工业制成品棉纱线、棉布、金属切削机床、汽车的竞争力进行分类测度,研究其国际竞争力及类型,并在实证分析过程中对该判断法进行了修正.     

Applying Diffusion Theory to Chain Restaurants

Abstract

The Diffusion of Innovations (diffusion) field is a well-established area for academic research across a range of social science disciplines. One of diffusion's key applications is to help predict the adoption rates of new products and technologies in new markets. To date, however, the application of the diffusion field, generally to hospitality and tourism, including the prediction of adoption rates, has been limited. This paper presents a conceptual framework for predicting the success of chain restaurants entering international markets, using diffusion's key principles. Following an overview of diffusion, including theoretical issues affecting the application of diffusion in a service sector environment, the paper presents a case study of an application of diffusion theory to the international expansion of a U.S. chain restaurant to Australia.     

Subsidiary Capacity Building in Emerging Markets: How Japanese MNEs Sequence Market Entry and Development Strategies in India

This paper asks the pragmatic question of how and to what extent firms build subsidiary competitiveness over time. By merging international business and international marketing theory, we integrate the unconnected discourses on market entry, development, product sequencing, and diffusion. The context of our research questions is marketing and entry strategies of four Japanese firms in India. All have had to learn the sequencing of both entry and product diversification. While strategies vary between the firms, the cases exhibit that entry and product diversification decisions are interlinked. Market entry configurations are central for developing market‐led solutions in large emerging markets. This study offers insights into how Japanese MNEs build subsidiary competitiveness when faced with the early stages of the Indian consumer market take‐off. Second, through the integration of international business and international marketing theory, we find that new product performance and international diversification interact in specific ways, and this contributes to future theoretical developments. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

The Internationalization of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: A Policy Perspective

Small Business Economics - Small and medium sized firms play an important role in the process of creative destruction. The focus of the paper is on the international diffusion of small and medium...     

国际技术许可与我国自主创新关系研究

现有研究重视贸易和FDI的技术扩散效应,但国际技术许可作为国际技术扩散的传导机制之一却较少有研究涉及。文章通过Hodric-Prescott滤波处理、除趋势分析和非参数的近邻拟合等方法,分析国外技术授权与我国国内外专利申请受理量、对外技术授权与我国国内外专利申请授权量的关系。研究发现国外技术许可和国内外三种专利申请量存在非线性关系,对外技术许可和专利授权量存在非线性关系,且国际技术许可对国内外专利申请量影响程度不同。     

Effect of SMEs' International Experience on Foreign Intensity and Economic Performance: The Mediating Role of Internationally Exploitable Assets and Competitive Strategy

In this paper, we study the relationship between the international experience of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) and their economic performance using intangible and financial asset stock, competitive strategy, and international intensity as mediating factors. The RBV provides the theoretical framework to develop a theoretical model postulating that international experience has an indirect effect on foreign growth and economic performance. This model was used to test a sample of 394 Spanish SMEs through the modelization of a structural equations system. Results show that superior economic performance is only achieved by SMEs that can turn the knowledge they gain from international experience into a large endowment of internationally exploitable intangible assets (irrespective of the fact that these assets form the basis for strengthening international intensity) and into a differentiation competitive strategy.     

The Diffusion of Process Innovations: A Selective Review

This paper surveys some of the most noteworthy literature on the diffusion of process technologies from the point of view of economics. It examines the main theoretical approaches to the diffusion phenomenon: epidemic and learning effects, equilibrium models associated with firm characteristics and strategic interaction. It also discusses the role of the supply side. Empirical work modelling inter-firm diffusion is reviewed, and special attention is given to the role of geography and inter-firm networking in the process of knowledge transfer and diffusion. Some suggestions for further research are presented as a conclusion.     

International joint ventures and technology diffusion: Evidence from China

This paper investigates international technology diffusion through FDI by explicitly considering the ownership structure of FDI projects with detailed Chinese data. We find that international joint ventures (JVs) generate significantly positive technology diffusion effects, while wholly foreign-owned firms (WFOs) generate significantly negative competition effects. The differentiated impacts of JVs and WFOs are robust, heterogeneous and causal as shown by our instrumental variable estimation. As for the mechanisms, evidence suggests that JVs bring better technology to the host country, invest more in R&D and employee training, and also provide easier technology access to local firms than WFOs.     

Book review

The paper develops a general equilibrium model of international production and trade. Technology is carried across borders by multinational producers and the set of technologies being used in a particular country is endogenous. Production locations are chosen based on the costs of production and getting the product to market. A producer may manufacture its product in its home country, target market country, or a third country. Estimated model parameters describe the states of technology in different countries, barriers to international investment, and trade costs. It is found that the barriers to international trade and investment are highly correlated. The model is used to measure the extent of technology diffusion across countries, study the relationship between international production and trade, investigate the effects of free-trade agreements (FTAs) on offshoring, and to quantify the welfare effects of international production and trade.     

Internetization as the necessary condition for internationalization in the newly emerging economy

The internationalization of entrepreneurship is becoming increasingly facilitated through the use of the internet. This article introduces the term “internetization” to refer to the process of increasing adoption, diffusion, and deployment of internet-based technologies and processes that increasingly serve as the back bone of internationalization, especially in the innovative entrepreneurial firms. This process may be compared to the firm’s adoption and use of the internet and the internet-based processes in transforming the firm to a hybrid network internally and externally within the firm’s home and international markets, especially when the members of its external network have already internationalized. Internationalization of the firm, which has been much studied in the international business literature may provide a parallel analogy for study of internetization. Based on these analogies and within the context of previous literature in internationalization, a brief examination of a typical rapidly-internationalizing firm through the use of the Internet, and the user-generated provisions of Web 2.0 in particular, points to the impact of internetization on internationalization. Various theoretical and research issues are highlighted and discussed, including the important interactions that exist between the processes of internetization and internationalization. Conclusion suggests that internetization may have become the necessary condition for internationalization. The paper calls upon the IE scholars to respond to the theoretical challenge of integrating internetization processes into internationalization, especially for the smaller, entrepreneurial and innovative firms.