Siting noxious facilities: A siting lottery with victim compensation

This paper proposes a scheme to facilitate the siting of noxious facilities. A regional government announces that it will (a) use a lottery to choose a site for a noxious facility and (b) transfer income from tenants to host-city landowners to at least partly offset the effects of the noxious facility on local property values. The government will hold the lottery only if all citizens agree, in advance, to abide by the resulting siting decision. The lottery approach is superior to the conventional approach to siting (advance notification) in the sense that the lottery approach achieves unanimous support for the siting decision with less compensation. The compensation scheme can be financed with a regionwide tenant tax or a tax on residents in the nonhost city. For “small” compensation programs, the nonhost tax is superior to the regional tax.     

A survey and critique of multiobjective power plant siting decision rules

This paper reviews the use of multiobjective decision rules for solving power plant siting problems. After a discussion of exclusionary site screening methods for bounding the decision space, classes of multiobjective and goal programming desicion rules are discussedin the context of final site selection. Advances and limitations of these methods are highlighted. Although multiobjective decision rules have seen numerous applications to power plant siting in the literature, few electric utility companies have used these methods in practice. A review of the use of multiobjective methods in actual power plant siting decisions is also presented, and reasons for the paucity of real-world applications are suggested.     

Research notes on socioeconomic siting dynamics

The inclusion of socioeconomic considerations in the process of industrial location/siting analysis has received limited attention in recent years. More commonly the social and economic impacts associated with the construction and operation of a major project emerge only after a prime site has been selected. This result serves to characteristically delimit advance socioeconomic planning and prevents a full and complete examination of relative cost-benefit alternatives. Impacted communities and the mitigation problems they pose can be insurmountable when addressed after the fact.This article will discuss a strategy for socioeconomic inputs to project siting and outline a model that has been utilized for the purpose of instigating potential socioeconomic impacts at the earliest possible stage within the industrial location siting process.     

Application and extension of the Moore and ReVelle Hierarchical Maximal Covering Model

In a paper published in Management Science in 1982, George Moore and Charles ReVelle proposed a location model for siting a hierarchical system of medical facilities. In this paper we apply the Moore and ReVelle Hierarchical Maximal Covering Model to the location of medical facilities in the Kohat district in Pakistan. Optimal solutions of the Moore and ReVelle model are compared against the actual location of medical facilities in this district. We then extend the Moore and ReVelle formulation to include fixed and variable costs for siting and operating the facilities. We compare the solutions of that formulation with the results of the original Moore and ReVelle model.     

Non-parametric models for spatial efficiency

This research develops a nonconvex model for measuring the spatial efficiency of siting decisions and demonstrates the virtues of such measurements in comparison to those of convex approaches. Working with a case study from the public sector, we develop relative spatial efficiency (RSE) models which access the sufficiency of a location decision in relation to a best practice decision on the efficient (or most accessible) frontier. The paper also compares the results of the nonconvex methodology with that of the convex model and suggests the strengths and weaknesses of each in terms of the type of support they offer to decisionmakers concerned with actual siting decisions.The authors express their gratitude to Professors, Knox Lovell, Gerard Rushton, and two anonymous referrees for their helpful comments on an earlier draft.     

层次分析法在沼气厂址选择中的应用

本文运用层次分析法对影响沼气厂址选择的因素进行综合分析,通过量化,将复杂的选址问题统筹简化为各种因素之间的成对比较和排序计算,建立数学参数模型,使得厂址选择达到最优。     

A goal programming model for the siting of multilevel EMS systems.

Facility siting models known as location covering techniques have proven to be useful particularly for emergency medical services (EMS) planning, given the importance of ambulances responding to demand within some maximum time constraint. These models represent a set of methods which focus the health planner's attention on the access of people to health care, since they attempt to “cover” people in need of service within some specified time standard.This research develops a technique for the locational planning of sophisticated EMS systems, characterized by multiple levels of emergency health services. Specifically, a two-tiered system with “basic life support” and “advanced life support” capabilities is modeled as a goal program.By applying location covering techniques within a goal programming framework, this study develops a method for the siting of multilevel EMS systems so that (1) each service level maximizes coverage of its own demand population, and (2) “back-up” coordination between levels is assured. The usefulness of this goal program as a health planning tool is evidenced in the model's explicit articulation of EMS policy objectives and its ability to link system levels in terms of “goal-directed behavior”. The working of this multilevel covering model is demonstrated by reference to EMS planning scenarios and related numerical examples.     

如何用遗传算法解决公路客运枢纽选址问题

文中首先分析了公路客运交通枢纽选址问题的研究思路.然后从客运枢纽为了达到方便客户、优化路网、减少投资等综合交通最优化的角度建立了教学模型,并给出了用遗传算法求解的程序流程图.最后通过某城市的客运枢纽规划实例,表明此理论型布局能够满足人们的出行需求,显示了该方法的科学性和可行性.     

建设武汉新港 发展循环经济和绿色物流

分析了规划建设武汉新港的时代背景和战略意义,在介绍武汉新港的选址、临港产业布局特征与战略定位的基础上,探讨了武汉新港以发展循环经济和绿色物流为重点的发展方略问题。     

大面积垃圾填埋区深基坑工程施工与设计特点

青岛北客站交通枢纽选址为青岛老填海垃圾填埋场,对老垃圾填埋场占地从新利用,进行地下工程建设,国内尚属首例。其基坑开挖部分包括2~3m的建筑垃圾和2~12m的生活垃圾,在垃圾土环境中进行基坑开挖,其设计和施工应考虑垃圾土的影响。     

Economic and fiscal impact analysis of energy development projects: Coal liquefaction in the Illinois Basin

This paper addresses the problem of anticipating the local economic, demographic and fiscal impacts occurring from the siting of coal liquefaction facilities in the Illinois Basin. This region (primarily western Kentucky) will contain some of the most ambitious liquefaction projects in the U.S., yet no comprehensive method for the estimation of these impacts currently exists. It is suggested that the solution might lie with the development of an integrated econometric impact evaluation model. The potential economic, demographic and fiscal impacts of these projects are also described, preliminary analyses using existing economic impact assessment methods are presented, and certain policy analysis applications are highlighted.     

Siting a facility in continuous space to maximize coverage of a region

Siting facilities in continuous space such that continuously distributed demand within a region is optimally served is a challenging location problem. This problem is further complicated by the non-convexity of regions typically encountered in practice. In this paper a model for maximizing the service coverage of continuously distributed demand through the location of a single service facility in continuous space is proposed. To address this problem, theoretical conditions are established and associated methods are proposed for optimally siting a service facility in a region (convex or non-convex) with uniformly distributed demand. Through the use of geographic information systems (GIS), the developed approach is applied to identify facility sites that maximize regional coverage provided limitations on facility service ability.     

Henry George's Contribution to Modern Environmental Policy: Part I, Theoretical Postulates

A bstract Many natural resources are inefficiently used in advanced western economies Overuse of common property resources such as air occurs The assignment of property rights through grandfathering established uses can have disincentive effects as an entry barrier to new industry and allow the continuation of pernicious uses A Henry George type alternative remedial system of legal and tax treatment is developed It systematically covers all natural resources and their deteriorations, as well as improvements This updating should be extremely useful to everyone concerned with ecology. Also the task of industrial siting can be accomplished so as to ensure an efficient use of natural resources Present problems of dealing with pollution and hazardous waste sites under tort law would be avoided This part of the two-part paper covers the basic theoretical considerations The next issue of this Journal will include the application of the theory     

Henry George's Contribution to Modern Environmental Policy:

A bstract . Many natural resources are inefficiently used in advanced western economies. Overuse of common property resources such as air occurs. The assignment of property rights through grandfathering established uses can have disincentive effects as an entry barrier to new industry and allow the continuation of pernicious uses. A Henry George type alternative remedial system of legal and tax treatment is developed. It systematically covers all natural resources and their deteriorations, as well as improvements. This updating will be extremely useful to everyone concerned with ecology. Also the task of industrial siting can be accomplished so as to ensure an efficient use of natural resources. Present problems of dealing with pollution and hazardous waste sites under tort law would be avoided. This part of the two-part paper covers the application of the theory. The last issue of this Journal presented the basic theoretical considerations.     

价值工程理论研究最新动向与发展趋势——高校财经类硕士研究生培养的功能定位研究

价值理念的多元性和管理维度的复杂化客观上对价值工程理论和方法的发展提出了严峻挑战。结合目前价值工程学科理论研究的国际最新动向介绍,给出其发展趋势分析,并就我国高校财经类硕士研究生的培养改革,进一步提出功能定位系统分析的动态性观点。     

Integrated fire and ambulance siting: A deterministic model

The model presented in this paper is developed for an integrated emergency system in which ambulance and fire service deployment are simultaneously considered. The model extends and blends the Maximal Covering Location Problem (MCLP) for ambulance siting and the Facility Location-Equipment Emplacement Technique (FLEET) for fire service placement. The objective of the new formulation is to maximize and trade-off both ambulance and fire coverage subject to constraints on the total number of vehicles and stations of both types that can be sited. We introduce a new concept in integrated coverage that permits free-standing ambulance stations to be sited in addition to fire stations. Typically, ambulances are located at fire stations and, sometimes, hospitals; that is, eligible sites are driven by prior choices that did not include consideration of ambulance service. Our results, based on three sample problems, suggest that, for a given budget level for facility construction, it may be possible for ambulance coverage to be increased with little or no loss in fire coverage. This condition pertains if ambulance stations are freed of the requirement to be sited only at fire stations.     

Jungle Geopolitics in Guyana: How a Communist Utopia That Ended in Massacre Came to be Sited

Abstract . When nearly 1,000 American men, women and children lost their lives in a mass murder and suicide rite in 1978 staged by a madman, Jim Jones, a former Christian minister turned Communist leader, many Americans asked, “Why?” The press, overcoming earlier lethargy, amassed facts permitting a sophisticated psychological and sociological explanation. Neglected, however, was the question why was the Jonestown Communist utopia sited in the Guyana jungle? Given the human and geographical circumstances, its siting in the Guyana rainforest was highly probable, affording evidence that, to some extent, at least, people and their geography determine human events.     

ACCESSIBILITY AND THIRD WORLD RURAL DEVELOPMENT: A Case Study of Sumatra*

Road and transport service improvements are widely recognized as important catalysts to economic development in most third world countries. When integrated with other programs which create new employment opportunities, roads and bus services enable subsistence farmers to seek off-farm salary-earning jobs. This paper examines the relationship between accessibility and economic well-being using data from rural Sumatra in Indonesia. The research relies on multiple indicators of both measures. Households in more remote rural villages are found to average appreciably lower levels of consumption expenditures. When isolated from subregional market and trade centers, consumption levels fall dramatically. The research also shows that the average value of farm produce increases with road quality, frequency of bus service, and close proximity of commerical centers. Thus, agriculture productivity is linked to both transport supply and spatial proximity factors. Additionally, the analysis shows that off-farm earnings increase when migrant households have access to both motorcycles and bicycles. Loans and subsidies for purchasing such “low tech” vehicles as bicycles, scooters, and micro-buses could prove more beneficial to many rural villagers than capital-intensive road projects. Lastly, the research suggests that the siting of transmigration settlements within reasonable proximity to regional and subregional market centers is important if the planned villages are to develop trade linkages and experience sustained economic growth.     

Nash implementation through elementary mechanisms in economic environments

This paper identifies a class of mechanisms, called elementary mechanisms, which are (in a precisely defined sense) the “simplest” mechanisms that can implement efficient outcomes in economic environments. The class of social choice correspondences that can be implemented by elementary mechanisms is completely characterized in a variety of different economic contexts.     

Generative mechanisms for innovation in information infrastructures

This paper investigates innovation in information infrastructures. The research question is, how can an information infrastructure provide generative mechanisms for innovation of ICT-based services? Building on a critical realist approach, the empirical evidence was a case study within an international airline, aiming to diversify its services. From the analysis it is proposed that there are two self-reinforcing mechanisms in information infrastructures. The first is the innovation mechanism, resulting in a new service. The second is the service mechanism, resulting in more users and profits. The two mechanisms feed on each other.