Review essay: And leisure for all

Eight Hours for What We Will: Workers and Leisure in an Industrial City 1870–1920, by Roy Rosenzweig (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1983). 320 pp., $29.95. ISBN 0–521–23916–8.

How Boston Played, by Stephen Hardy (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1982). 272 pp. $19.95 cloth. ISBN 0–930350–27–8.     

Acknowledgments and manuscript status

Robert Christie Mill and Alastair M. Morrison, The Tourism System (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice‐Hall, Inc., 1985), ISBN 0–13–925645–8, 457 pp. $21.95.

Marion Clawson and Carlton Van Doren, eds., Statistics on Outdoor Recreation (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1984), ISBN 0–915707–1110X, 368 pp., $15.00, paper.

Yi‐Fu Tuan, Dominance and Affection: The Making of Pets (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1984), ISBN 0–300–03222–6, 193 pp., $19.95.     

Book reviews

Louviere, Jordan. 1988. Analyzing decision making: Metric conjoint measurement. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. ISBN 080397576. 95 pp. Paper $6.95.

DiGiulio, Robert C. 1989. Beyond widowhood—from bereavement to emergence and hope. New York: The Free Press. ISBN 0–02–907882–2. 240 pp. Cloth, $19.95

Ewert, Alan W. 1989. Outdoor adventure pursuits: Foundations, models, and theories. Worthington, Ohio: Publishing Horizons, Inc. ISBN 0–942280–50–4. 234 pp. Hardcover, $20.00.     

Announcements

Driver, B. L., Brown, Perry J., &; Peterson, George L. (Eds.). Benefits of Leisure. 1991. State College, PA: Venture Publishing. ISBN 9–10251–48–7. 483 pp. Hardcover $31.95.

Stebbins, Robert A. 1992. Amateurs, Professionals, and Serious Leisure. Montreal: McGill‐Queen's University Press. ISBN 0–7735–0991–1. 171 pp. Hardcover $34.95.

Kraus, Richard, &; Shank, John. (1992). Therapeutic Recreation Service: Principles and Practices (4th ed.). Dubuque, IA: William C. Brown. ISBN 0–697–11026–5. 397 pp. Hardcover $48.43.     

Book reviews

Jackson, Edgar L., and Burton, Thomas L. 1990. Understanding Leisure and Recreation: Mapping the Past and Charting the Future. State College, PA: Venture Press. ISBN 0–910251–34–7. 653 pp. Hardcover, $25.56 (plus $1.50 P&H).

Barnett, Lynn A. ed. 1988. Research About Leisure: Past, Present, and Future. Champaign, IL: Sagamore Publishing. ISBN 0–915611–13–9. 232 pp. Paperbound, $19.95.     

Reviews

Retirement Communities: An American Original, by Michael E. Hunt, Allan G. Feldt, Robert W. Morans, Leon A. Pastalan, and Kathleen L. Vakalo. New York: Haworth Press. 1984. ISBN 0–86656–267–2. 278 pp. $29.95.

Senior Settlers: Social Integration in Retirement Communities, by Nancy J. Osgood. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1982. ISBN 0–03–059792–7. 296 pp. $29.95.

Life After Work: Retirement, Leisure, Recreation, and the Elderly, ed. Nancy J. Osgood. New York: Praeger Publishers. 1982. ISBN 0–03–060437–0. 372 pp. $32.95.

Work and Retirement, by Stanley Parker. London: George Allen & Unwin. 1982. ISBN 0–04–658238‐X. 203 pp. $9.95 paper, $28.50, cloth.

Adults and Their Leisure: The Need for Lifelong Learning, by John R. Verduin, Jr., and Douglas N. McEwen. Springfield, Ill: Charles C. Thomas. 1984. ISBN 0–398–04985–8. 170 pp. $17.50.     

Book Reviews

Progess in Tourism, Recreation and Hospitality Management, Volume 6. C.P. Cooper and A. Lockwood (eds). Chichester: John Wiley and Sons, 1994. Pp. xviii+295. ISBN 0–471–94859–4 (hbk): £45.00/$72.50.     

Book review

Tourism, The Business of Travel By Roy A. Cook, Laura J. Yale and Joseph J. Marqua Prentice‐Hall, Inc. (Simon & Schuster/A Viacom Company (Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458) ISBN 0–13–271032–3, 1999, (xvi+338‐pp. Tables, figures, index).     

Between Authenticity and Ethnicity: Heritage Tourism and Re-ethnification Among Diaspora Jewish Youth

Heritage tourism takes on a new meaning when conceived and implemented in the framework of a diaspora – homeland context. Trip organisers utilise heritage tourism that identifies the signifiers of national collective identity or Peoplehood and construct an experience of authenticity that supports a newly reconstructed narrative of personal and collective identity that bridges the diaspora and homeland identities. This paper examines into the differential consequences of heritage tourism on the ethnic identity of diaspora travellers from North America and the former Soviet Union to their homeland, specifically contrasting Jewish tourists from different diaspora localities making an otherwise almost identical birthright Israel trip. For both groups, Jewish ethnic identity was strengthened, particularly their emotional attachment to Israel. However, the difference between the two groups was found in the actual factors that explain this post trip attachment to Israel. The experiential component was more prominent among participants from the former Soviet Union, while among North American student participants, Jewish background as well as their higher pre-trip motivations provide an explanation for their high post-trip scores of attachment to Israel. Israel thus serves as the liminal domain of diaspora tourists, where existential authenticity and pre-trip ethnicity as latent as the latter may be, intertwine experientially to generate an expansion of the frame of individual identity of diaspora tourists in their homeland.     

An environmental social marketing intervention in cultural heritage tourism: a realist evaluation

ABSTRACT

Following Pawson and Tilley's principles of realist evaluation and the context–mechanism–outcome (CMO) framework, this paper conducts a process evaluation of an environmental social marketing intervention in a heritage tourism organisation. Social marketing and employee environmental interventions have received relatively scant attention in tourism. Additionally, prior literature mostly focused on the evaluation of intervention outcomes (i.e. how far the intervention produces precise targeted outcomes) and ignores the importance of process evaluation (i.e. identifying what works, for whom, under which circumstances and how, plus issues of intervention maintenance). This paper fills this literature gap using realist evaluation theory and academic perspectives, as well as via the reflections of practitioners involved in intervention design and delivery. Findings suggest that a good understanding of the tourism and organisational context (regarding the dimensions of structure, culture, agency and relations) and the use of tailored, action-focused mechanisms (for each context dimension) are critical to achieving transformational outcomes in environmental interventions in cultural heritage organisations. Based on these findings, it is concluded that the CMO is a useful framework for assessing environmental social marketing interventions in tourism (both for heritage and other tourism organisations). Implications for tourism practice and further research directions are also discussed.     

Asia pacific tourism association fifth annual conference: “Asia Pacific's role in the new millennium”

HRM in tourism &; hospitality: International perspectives on small to medium‐sized enterprises

HRM in Tourism &; Hospitality: International Perspectives on Small to Medium‐sized Enterprises Edited by Darren Lee‐Ross, Cassell (Wellington House, 125 Strand, London WC2R 0BB) ISBN 0–304–70410–5 (hc), 0–304–70411–3 (pb), 1999

Human Resource Management: International Perspectives in Hospitality and Tourism In Norma D'Annunzio‐Green, Gillian A. Maxwell and Sandra Watson eds. The Continuum International Publishing Group Ltd. (The Tower Building, 11 York Road London SE1 7NX England) ISBN 0–8264–5765–7, April 2002     

Marketing Asian places: Attracting investment,industry, and tourism to cities,states and nations

Macro Marketing of Places. By Philip Kotler, Michael Alan, Irving Rein and Donald H. Haider John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York ISBN: 0–471–47913–6     

Reviews

Ecotourism: A Guide for Planners and Managers K. Lindberg and D.E. Hawkins (eds) North Bennington, VM, USA: The Ecotourism Society, 1993. Pp. 175. ISBN 0–9636331–0–4.     

Book review

Tourism Demand Modelling and ForecastingBy Haiyan Song and Stephen F. Witt Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard, Langford Lane (Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB UK) ISBN: 0–08–043673–0, 2000     

Remembrance Trails of the Great War on the Western Front: routes of heritage and memory

ABSTRACT

The First World War Centenary (2014–2018) is stimulating much interest in the memory of this conflict and is already encouraging increased tourism to the old Western Front region of France and Belgium. One of the strategies adopted by regional tourism authorities is the creation of ‘Remembrance Trails’ – self-guided circuits designed for car, motorbike or bicycle. Using a case study approach, this paper will examine these trails from a perceptual angle to demonstrate how, despite the lack of empirical evidence in our understanding of them, Remembrance Trails have a key role to play in the emerging war-tourism resources of the region. Using the model of Timothy and Boyd (2015), the routes are interpreted as either organically or purposively planned and in linking ‘sites of memory’ able to provide an effective way of engaging with the landscape and narrative of war. The paper argues that the routes have an important role to play in the transmission of memory and as ‘linear memorials’ can be viewed as emerging pilgrimage routes with the potential to concentrate experience in a dynamic way.     

It’s so hot: predicting climate change effects on urban tourists’ time–space experience

Abstract

Progressive changes in mean annual temperatures are arguably the strongest evidence of ongoing climate change. In destinations with a Mediterranean climate, in contrast to the colder months, during summer, rising air temperatures are believed to inhibit tourist movements and activities, and consequently affect tourists’ evaluation of and satisfaction with their experiences. To the best of our knowledge, no previous study has investigated the potential impact of climate change on tourists’ time–space activity using actual behavioural tracking-based information. Data collected via GPS technology and a post-visit survey of tourists (n = 404) visiting Lisbon during the summer were analysed via structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results report empirical evidence of the present impact of (summer) weather on urban tourists’ time–space activity and on their intra-destination experience evaluation. Specifically, maximum air temperature is found to have a significant negative effect on overall satisfaction, while the meteorological conditions of the entire day reveal a significant impact on tourists’ activities and movements. The results are particularly useful for the sustainable adaptive management of urban attractions and destinations that are especially vulnerable to climate change, as well as in managing its adverse impact on tourists’ experiences.     

The dimensions of rural tourism experience: impacts on arousal,memory, and satisfaction

ABSTRACT

Rural tourism is driven by the search for unique and memorable experiences in particular settings, but knowledge on visitors’ experiences in rural destinations is still scarce. This paper analyzes the rural tourism experience of Portuguese tourists who answered an online survey (N = 252). The paper aims at validating, in the rural tourism context, a previously proposed tourist experience scale, and analyzing the relationships between the experience, arousal, memory, and satisfaction. Results reveal that the rural tourism experience dimensions of education and esthetics positively predict rural tourists’ arousal, whereas escapism and esthetics determine memorability. Finally, implications for rural tourism marketing are discussed.     

REVIEW OF PERIPHERAL PUBLICATIONS

Abstract

INTERNET MARKETING FOR YOUR TOURISM BUSINESS. Susan Sweeney. Gulf Breeze, FL: Maximum Press, 562 pp., ISBN: 1-885068-47-6, 2000, US$39.95 (Paperback). Reviewed by Rob Law

THE GUIDE FOR GUIDES: A TOUR GUIDE MANUAL. Michael Noam. Jerusalem, Israel: Noam, 1999, 127 pp. Reviewed by Donald E. Hawkins     

Audio‐visual program review

How Many Is Too Many? Determining Social Carrying Capacity, by Bo Shelby and Stacy Mellem (Corvallis: Forestry Media Center, Oregon State University, 1984). Rent $18. Purchase $105.     

Food tourists’ connectivity through the 5A journey and advocacy: comparison between generations Y and X

ABSTRACT

By adopting the new 5A model of Marketing 4.0, which conceptualizes a consumer-driven paradigm shift in digital marketing, this study empirically investigated food tourists’ connectivity throughout the 5A process (aware, appeal, ask, act, and advocate). Furthermore, we compared the 5A journeys of Generation Y and Generation X. Along the 5A path, both generations indicated the strongest social connectivity in the ask stage. Generation Y showed stronger social connectivity than Generation X, while there was no significant difference in channel connectivity. The social connectivity in the advocate stage was most strongly correlated with that in the act stage. Within each generation, active netizens were more strongly engaged in sharing and positive/negative advocacy. Based on these findings, we discuss the theoretical and practical implications.