生产力概念内涵的嬗变与扩展

生产力的概念内涵一直没有随着历史条件的变化而进行革新,一直沿用的生产力概念已经不能准确地反映社会经济发展的需要了。需要对生产力的概念进行重新归纳、定义,赋予其新的内涵。在生产力的现存定义的基础上,需要把征服自然的含义扬弃,而代之以和谐自然;在生产力的内涵主要是运用各种资源生产人们所需要的物质产品的能力的基础上,把对于社会文化资源的运用能力纳入生产力的内涵之中,扩展生产力的内涵。     

谈谈科学技术转化为生产力的评价问题

对科技成果向生产力转化的评价，首先要明确科学与技术这两个概念的区别与联系。本文主要谈科技与现实生产力的关系、社会科学转化为生产力、转化中需要研究综合生产力问题、评价方法等几个问题     

关于管理生产力的思考

<正> 20世纪80年代,在研究生产力系统优化的工程中,在重视科技生产力的同时,我提出了管理也是生产力的概念。 关于管理生产力在生产力系统中的地位,我的思考是,管理生产力和科技生产力一样,处在高层次综合要素位置,并通过对劳动者、劳动工具、生产资料等基本要素发挥作用。 关于生产力系统的内部结构,我的看法是大约由三个方面组成。也就是说,生产力系统由基本要素、高层次综合     

竞争力是生产力的集中体现

传统的生产力概念在理论上有缺陷、在实吓上有误导，亟等纠正，竞争力是当代生产力的集中体现和重要标志只有具备竞争力才能成为社会经产强竞争力来发展生产力。     

邓小平江泽民生产力思想之比较

生产力思想是马克思主义理论中的重要组成部分,邓小平、江泽民关于生产力思想的共同性：强调生产力目的的人民性;强调人才的重要性;重视科学技术。邓小平、江泽民生产力思想的差异性：生产力概念提法上的差异;实现生产力发展途径上的差异;科学技术与生产力关系表述上的差异。准确理解两代领导人关于生产力思想的共同性、差异性,对于全面建设小康社会、推动社会全面进步,具有重要的现实意义和理论意义。     

概念：创意时代的精神符号

无论是从艺术与设计范畴上来看,还是从更为宏观的历史范畴上来看,概念都超越了原来定义而具有了更为深刻的精神内涵.从某种意义来讲,概念本身就是一种生产力,概念的提出和有效实施必将改变我们的社会面貌.概念已成为一种精神符号,并开始引发人们对人类自身潜能的关注.     

我国农村金融的可持续发展研究

中国经济社会具有"二元"结构特征,城乡两个区域的生产力水平差异较大,金融业的重心长期以来一直处在工业、商业等市场经济活跃的领域,因而城市金融发展水平远远高于农村。我国经济社会的全面发展与新常态对农村金融的建设提出了更高的要求。本文通过分析农村金融的特点与阻碍农村金融发展的内部和外部原因,并从农民、金融机构以及政府的角度给出了解决农村金融可持续发展及良性循环的建议。     

山东省加快新质生产力形成的对策建议

新质生产力是我国建设社会主义现代化国家的又一里程碑概念,具有重要意义。文章在山东省绿色低碳高质量发展先行区建设背景下,立足山东省科技创新发展的实际成效,深入分析山东省新质生产力培育发展现状和典型案例,提出合理化建议,为山东省加快新质生产力形成提供智力支撑和决策参考。     

“生产力”概念的现实思考

“征服自然和改造自然的能力”作为生产力的概念存在严重的缺陷,已不能适应新时代、新形势下社会发展的需要,有必要重新建构符合当今时代特征并能准确表达其本质内涵的生产力概念。为此,该文提出生产力是人们从事一切生产活动的实际能力和现实水平;从根本上来说,生产力是标志人与自然之间关系的哲学范畴.它是人类对自然界的“索取能力”和“支付能力”的辩证统一。     

吉林市非物质文化遗产产业化发展方略

非物质文化遗产具有丰富的文化底蕴,以口头传说、表演艺术、风俗礼仪、工艺技能等形式传流民间,构成社会文化的有机部分。吉林市非物质文化遗产转化为社会生产力的途径：打造非物质文化遗产展示基地,整合资源;创办文化大集,搭建商业平台;培养引进专业人才,发展和利用创意人才;实现非物质文化遗产产业化发展的良性循环。     

Information Technology, Organizational Transformation and Productivity Growth: An Examination of the Brynjolfsson–Hitt Proposition

This study investigates what happened to productivity growth during the Information Technology (IT) revolution in an IT-driven economy, Korea. To this end, we have decomposed the source of productivity growth into technological change, technical efficiency and scale economies using a stochastic frontier function and examined how the composition of productivity growth has changed with different phases of IT developments. We have used panel data that is comprised of 4022 firms from 1996 to 2000. We have found that Korean firms have been quick to embrace organizational restructuring to adapt to a new business environment brought about by IT, which seems to be the major source of the success of Korean firms. We have also found that: (i) there is no substantial difference in productivity gains between IT-producing firms and IT-using firms; (ii) productivity growth is more robust to business cycles in an IT-driven economy than in the traditional economy; and (iii) efficiency improvement attributed to organizational transformation plays a greater role in productivity growth as IT applications become more widespread.     

“营改增”、制造业服务化与全要素生产率提升——基于DI合成控制法的实证研究

文章使用上市公司2007-2016年制造业企业面板数据,运用DI合成控制法和中介效应模型,实证检验了"营改增"对制造业全要素生产率的直接影响及"营改增"通过制造业服务化对全要素生产率的间接影响。结果表明："营改增"政策主要通过直接作用提高制造业全要素生产率,经由制造业服务化来提高制造业全要素生产率的中介作用并不存在。文章的研究对"营改增"政策完善与制造业转型升级具有一定的启示。     

An Examination of Labor Productivity Growth and Structural Changes in the Singapore Labor Force*

This paper ?rst examines the sources of growth in the Singapore economy by decomposing real per capita gross domestic product (GDP) growth into two components. It is found that, for the period 1974–1999, labor productivity was a signi?cant source of economic growth in Singapore. Conversely, the contribution of the rate of change in employment ratio was only of secondary importance. On further decomposition, the rate of change in employment ratio was due mainly to rate of change in population age‐structure ratio and rate of change in labor‐force participation rate. Growth patterns of the labor force were examined after it has been segregated according to gender, citizenship and age group independently. Labor productivity growth was highest in the transport, storage and communication sector, while labor productivity growth was lowest in the ?nancial, insurance, real estate and business services sector.     

我国商业银行提高运营效率的策略分析

面对激烈的银行同业竞争,我国的商业银行必须彻底地改善自己的经营机制,提高运营效率,保证在激烈的竞争中占有自己的市场份额。实践证明,生产力的发展取决于其构成因素的有效配比和综合。我国商业银行现行运营方式已经不能适应未来全能银行的要求,为了达到提高效率的目的,必须对银行的相关机制和业务流程进行合理的再造,积极应用高科技技术节省成本,并通过对相关业务和流程的外包尽可能缩减支出提高效率。     

Productivity Gains from Offshore Outsourcing: Evidence from the Chinese Manufacturing Industry

Using the Cobb–Douglas production function and vertical specialization share, the present paper measures the productivity spillover effects of offshore outsourcing in the Chinese manufacturing industry. We examine different production factors and the degree of openness by dividing the Chinese manufacturing industry into five major categories: capital‐intensive business, technological‐intensive business, labor‐intensive business, open business and non‐open business. The results show that offshore outsourcing is positively associated with productivity in the Chinese manufacturing industry as a whole, but less so in labor‐intensive industries and more in capital‐intensive industries. Moreover, the positive impact of outsourcing on productivity is slightly higher in open industries than in non‐open industries. These results shed light on the differential spillover effects of offshore outsourcing on productivity. Our findings suggest that outsourcing structure is important to China's long‐run competitive advantage. China's policy‐makers should encourage further offshore capital‐intensive and technology‐intensive activities and focus more on outward‐oriented offshore businesses.     

The role of subcontracting in SME development in Indonesia:: Micro-level evidence from the metalworking and machinery industry

This study investigates whether subcontracting linkages are an important support mechanism for the development of Indonesian small- and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs). It estimates production functions and calculates indices of total factor productivity (TFP) based on micro-level data from 60 metalworking and machinery firms that supply their products to automobile, motorcycle, agricultural machinery and bicycle manufacturers. The estimation results confirm our main hypothesis that inter-firm cooperation through subcontracting ties increases productivity of Indonesian SMEs. This study implies that the situation where subcontracting ties in Indonesia did not function well in supporting SMEs has been changing recently. Better financial access and business continuity are important in facilitating subcontracting transactions, which can provide SMEs with support necessary for improving productivity. A comparison of TFP indices indicates differences in productivity between firm groups. Larger SMEs, non-pribumi SMEs and SMEs producing automotive/motorcycle parts have, in general, higher TFP than their counterparts.     

A Quantitative Assessment of the Role of Incomplete Asset Markets on the Dynamics of the Real Exchange Rate

I develop a two-country New Keynesian model with capital accumulation and incomplete international asset markets that provides novel insights on the effect that imperfect international risk-sharing has on international business cycles and RER dynamics. I find that business cycles appear similar whether international asset markets are complete or not when driven by a combination of non-persistent monetary shocks and persistent productivity (TFP) shocks. In turn, international asset market incompleteness has sizeable effects if (persistent) investment-specific technology (IST) shocks are a main driver of business cycles. I also show that the model with incomplete international asset markets can approximate the RER volatility and persistence observed in the data, for instance, if IST shocks are near-unit-root. Hence, I conclude that the nature of shocks, the extent of financial integration across countries and the existing limitations on asset trading are central to understand the dynamics of the real exchange rate and the endogenous international transmission over the business cycles.     

对服务生产率内涵的再认识：基于服务的参与方

一直以来,人们普遍使用传统制造业的生产率概念来衡量服务企业的生产率水平.然而,制造业生产率内涵中没有考虑到顾客参与性、产品不可储存性等服务业所独具的特性,这就使得传统生产率在服务业中的适用性受到影响.文章主要从员工和顾客两大服务参与方的角度出发,对服务生产率的内涵进行了再认识,构建了服务生产率模型.并在此基础上,提出了提高服务生产率的措施.     

理论界关于文化生产力的研究和探索简述

文化生产力理念的提出使我们在探索社会主义文化建设和生产力建设的道路上大胆创新,是党在新的历史条件下对文化建设和生产力建设所作的科学的评价和总结。马克思的大生产力观成为提出"文化生产力"的理论来源。文化是国家财富积聚的重要形态和重要能力,文化生产力已成为世界各国竞争的焦点。     

SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISE DYNAMICS IN INDONESIA

This paper discusses the development of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia before and during the crisis. It argues that SME productivity has risen substantially, at rates not far from those of larger firms. Case studies indicate that various mechanisms are at work, such as technology diffusion through foreign buyers and subcontracting. The prevalence of SME clusters suggests that they benefit small and medium enterprise development. SMEs are found to have been weathering the crisis better than larger companies, though many have been hit hard too. Being less reliant on formal markets and formal credit, SMEs are able to respond more quickly and flexibly than their larger counterparts to sudden shocks. The paper argues that, rather than providing direct assistance to smaller firms, government should concentrate on creating a business environment conducive to small and medium business growth, and promoting provision of business development services by the private sector.