解决我国失业问题的思路

<正> 失业,作为现代经济生活中的一种普遍现象,其产生具有客观必然性。社会制度的不同并不能消除失业。1、对我国失业现状的估计据预测,今后十年,我国人口增长仍处于高峰期,平均每年新增劳动力将超过性失业、结构性失业、摩擦性失业、差额性失业、信息性失业、自愿性失业、地区性失业、隐蔽性失业、技术性失业等。就我国而言,在相当一段时间里解决失业问题的难点和重点应放在对差额性失业和隐蔽性失业上。差额性失业,简言之,     

我国城镇下岗和失业问题的原因分析与对策研究

本文在探讨我国城镇下岗、失业产生必然性的前提下，重点分析了我国目前大规模下岗、失业产生的原因，这些原因包括：认识和观念方面的、经济体制方面的、政策方面的、劳动者素质方面的、经济周期方面的和发展方面的等等，其中，认识和观念因素是主要的。笔者认为，要想从根本上解决我国城镇下岗、失业问题，关键在于加强职业培训，以提高我国劳动者的文化水平和业务素质，依靠观念转变来实现就低从业，只能是权宜之计     

我国“知识失业”结构问题分析及对策研究

目前我国出现的知识失业现象已越来越严重,文章通过总结近年来的相关信息,对大学生失业现象产生的必然性和危害性从社会结构失衡的角度进行了深入分析,从而探索性地提出一些对策。     

东北老工业基地的失业成因及治理对策

失业是我国进入市场经济后必然的经济现象。就我国东北老工业基地而言，失业既有总需求不足的因素，也有行业垄断和制度方面的因素，因而有必要建立健全一个全方位的治理失业的政策体系，进而解决或削减总量性失业、行业垄断性失业和制度性失业。     

我国失业统计指标体系的构造

我国在失业统计方面起步较晚，指标单一，且问题较多，这对了解我国失业状就我国失业统计指标体系构建的意义，原则，指标体系框架的建立，指指的界定等方面作些粗浅的探讨。     

论我国的充分就业目标与公共政策选择

在市场经济的国家完全消灭失业现象是不可能的，我国同样也如此。必须把我国现在高企的失业率降低到自然失业率，达到“充分就业”目标。提出了我国在治理失业问题方面的公共政策选择。     

提升我国失业统计国际可比性的路径选择研究

进入二十一世纪以后，我国经济在国际的影响力越来越大，在国际市场的话语权分量也越来越重。即使在全球金融危机的影响下，我国经济依然一枝独秀，保持强劲的增长态势。但是伴随我国就业市场不断饱和，失业问题逐渐成为影响我国经济社会发展的关键，失业直接关系到经济稳定与社会和谐，长期以来我国仅仅公布城镇登记失业率，在反映我国真实失业现状方面存在很大缺陷，与国际统计体系的可比性一直较低。因此本文以我国失业统计体系为基础，与国际通行失业统计体系进行理论研究与实证研究，为提升我国失业统计的国际可比性提供借鉴。     

对我国生物技术与可持续发展的认识与思考

分析了我国可持续发展所面临的问题及选择发展生物技术的必然性，讨论了可持续发展战略下我国生物技术发展存在的问题、机遇及发展策略。     

对我国当前城镇失业问题的几点深入思考

对我国当前城镇失业问题的几点深入思考●赵建国一、对当前我国城镇实际失业情况的再认识及失业指标的修正失业是指有劳动能力的人而未从事工作的情况。［１］但长期以来，由于受意识形态因素的影响，我国一直不提失业，而用待业、下岗、放假等术语来代替失业。衡量失业的...     

新世纪我国就业问题探索

失业是工业社会的一种正常社会现象，尽管我国选择了通过现代市场经济的发展实现由农业国转变为工业国的发展道路，也同样避免不了一些劳动者失业。当务之急是，我们不但要正视失业问题，而且还必须通过确立就业目标，建立就业机制，制定相应对策化解它。     

知识失业--一个不容忽视的现象

随着我国高校扩招，知识失业现象在我国劳动力就业市场上正在浮现出来。这种现象的出现既与转轨时期特定的制度背景有关，又有社会有效需求不足的宏观经济矛盾和知识劳动供求总量与结构缺陷等方面的原因。     

Euro,crisis and unemployment: Youth patterns,youth policies?

This paper examines the occurrence of structural breaks in European unemployment associated with major institutional events. We uncover different responses of adult and youth unemployment rates. While adult unemployment is more prone to experience structural breaks, youth unemployment is more sensitive to business cycle oscillations, especially in the recent crisis. This calls for fine tuning policy measures specifically targeted to youth unemployed in bad times. One important implication of our findings is that generic labour market reforms are not effective enough to solve the youth unemployment problem. Educational policies raising average qualifications and helping school-to-work transitions are suitable complementary cures.     

中国当前失业的成因与对策分析

中国当前的失业问题，主要是由三个因素造成的：一是产业结构的调整；二是体制改革的影响；三是技术进步的结果。造成失业的核心因素是供需双方的知识结构偏离。人力资源政策是解决失业的关键措施。     

Rural–Urban Migration, the Informal Sector, Urban Unemployment, and Development Policies: A Theoretical Analysis

This paper develops a theoretical model like Gupta's to show the simultaneous existence of the urban informal sector and open unemployment in the urban sector in a Harris–Todaro type of model of rural–urbanmigration. A wage or a price subsidy policy to the rural sector, or a demand management policy like an export promotional scheme in the manufacturing sector, reduces the urban unemployment level, and provides a theoretical basis for the introduction of export promotional measures like the formation of duty-free Export Processing Zones (EPZs) to solve the urban unemployment problem. The policy conclusions of the present paper are different from those found in Gupta's 1993 model.     

The persistence of regional unemployment: evidence from China

The purpose of this paper is to examine the persistence of regional unemployment and to explore the sources of this persistence. Evidence from China suggests three empirical findings. First, provincial relative unemployment is more persistent than aggregate unemployment. Second, youth unemployment is less persistent than total unemployment. Third, although the western region has the highest provincial unemployment rate, it has the lowest persistence of regional unemployment. To explore the sources of this unemployment persistence, a panel data method has been developed based on the Barro Approach and Edwards work. The higher the share of industry output by state sector and collective sector, the more the regional unemployment persistence. The private sector is the main employment destination for jobless now and has acted to reduce unemployment persistence.     

结构转型缓慢、失业严重和分配不公的制度症结

Usually 65%–80% of the employment can be taken by small-and-medium-sized enterprises in a country. The more small-and-medium-sized enterprises are active in the economy, the higher proportion of the middle income classes in the population, and the lower proportion of the poor people caused by unemployment and under-employment. Therefore, without changing the policy inclination to support gigantic or large companies we cannot solve the problem of surplus on labor force, urban unemployment and gap of income distribution. Now we may face the danger of developing into “the Latin-America trap”. At present we should focus on institutional reform of the government and promote the development of small-and-medium-sized enterprises.     

中国经济的快速增长与"丰裕中贫困"

本文根据中国国情,借用凯因斯“丰裕中贫困”一说,将我国现有的贫困现象分为有效需求不足,相对贫困扩大和绝对贫困继续存在、失业问题尚难解决、环境污染和生态破坏四种类型,同时对怎样看待我国丰裕中贫困”的现象提出了自己的看法。     

Recurrent unemployment,welfare benefits and heterogeneity

The objective of this paper is to investigate the causes of the recurrences of individuals in unemployment during benefit periods. So as to attain this objective, we use administrative data from the Spanish Employment Agency to estimate a duration model with multiple spells that allows for unemployment state dependence through lagged unemployment duration in order to distinguish the heterogeneity and scarring effects. We find that an increase in the duration of previous unemployment benefit periods lengthens the expected duration of future unemployment benefit periods. True state dependence and heterogeneity, intensity of job search and local labour market conditions are among the elements that explain this unemployment state dependence.     

Unemployment burden and its distribution: Theory and evidence from India

We develop a measure of unemployment that takes into account both the duration and intensity of unemployment. This measure satisfies several desirable properties, including distribution sensitivity, which deals with differences among the unemployed. It is particularly suited to developing countries because individuals in these countries display considerable variation in labor force participation, unemployment duration, and unemployment intensity. It can also be decomposed into mean and variance components and contributions to unemployment by various subgroups of the population. We use this measure and data from National Sample Surveys on employment and unemployment to understand unemployment in India during the period 1993 to 2012. We show that unemployment has generally fallen, although the distribution of unemployment has worsened. Moreover, unemployment is driven to a greater extent by higher educated groups; the unemployment among these groups is also fairly substantial. We explain these findings and suggest some policies.