关于公司治理结构维度的思考

目前，关于公司治理结构，不同的人从不同的角度提出了各自的观点。在这些观点中，由于对公司治理结构维度的理解不同，对公司治理结构建立的看法也就各不相同。综观中外研究者关于公司治理结构的观点，公司治理结构维度一般可分为以下几种。一、一维公司治理结构一维公司治理结构认为公司治理结构是由董事会组成，一般也称之为小口径的公司治理结构。这种公司治理结构多受新古典企业理论影响，即主张财产所有权神圣不可侵犯，故认为股东是企业唯一的产权主体，企业的治理结构也应该是股东们一统天下。有关一维公司治理结构的概念，典型的有…     

国有商业银行上市后公司治理结构的构建

本文从分析公司治理结构的涵义入手,结合公司治理结构的国际经验和国有商业银行公司治理结构的特殊性,进而提出构建国有商业银行上市后的公司治理结构的建议。     

公司治理结构与盈余管理模式的互动分析

公司治理结构影响会计信息质量,会计信息质量的高低对公司治理结构的完善起到关键作用.盈余管理通过会计政策的选择与公司治理结构产生关系,公司治理结构对盈余管理模式具有重要影响,这种影响体现在内部治理和外部治理两个方面.同时,不同的盈余管理模式对公司治理结构的完善起着不同的作用.     

内部会计控制与公司治理结构

内部会计控制作为内部控制措施之一，是完善公司治理结构的重要组成部分。公司治理结构是企业内部会计控制的基本环境。公司治理结构有利于内部会计控制系统健全，内部会计控制有利于公司治理结构的完善。按照公司治理结构的要求建立企业的内部会计控制系统必将促进企业的发展。     

优化资本结构与改善公司治理结构的关系研究

资本结构的选择很大程度上决定了公司治理结构模式的选择,从而对经营者产生激励和约束,降低代理成本;公司治理结构的安排反过来也会影响资本结构的选择。本文从资本结构与公司治理结构的关系角度出发,分析了我国国有上市公司治理结构存在的缺陷,认为资本结构不合理是导致公司治理结构缺陷的主要原因,优化资本结构才是改善公司治理结构的根本途径。     

公司治理结构理论及在我国的实践

公司治理结构(又称法人治理结构)是一种对公司进行管理和控制的体系。对于公司治理结构一词，理论界有不同理解。狭义的公司治理结构将法人治理机制视为一种内部治理体制，主要通过股东会、董事会、监事会的机构设置，明确各机构的权责分配，达到三者间约束与权力制衡的目的。广义的公司治理结构更多依赖于公司外部市场的间接调节，即以公司     

管理会计在公司治理中的创新应用

管理会计作为企业价值创造和公司治理的工具和媒介,对构建和完善公司治理结构至关重要。文章基于管理会计发展的新趋势以及公司治理结构的特点和要求,重新认识了管理会计在公司治理结构中的作用,并围绕公司治理的需要,重点分析了管理会计在公司治理结构中的创新应用。     

管理会计在公司治理中的创新应用

管理会计作为企业价值创造和公司治理的工具和媒介,对构建和完善公司治理结构至关重要。文章基于管理会计发展的新趋势以及公司治理结构的特点和要求,重新认识了管理会计在公司治理结构中的作用,并围绕公司治理的需要,重点分析了管理会计在公司治理结构中的创新应用。     

关于公司治理的思考

本文从与公司治理结构直接或间接相关的公司组织三个基本结构为基点 ,探讨我国目前建立有效的公司治理结构应考虑的或可能涉及的问题及解决思路。认为控制权配置作为均衡所有对公司有经济资产投入的利益主体在公司中的利益和权力的制度表现 ,是公司治理结构的内核 ;资本结构在公司治理中发挥着相机控制的作用 ,其对公司治理的潜在影响是债务可能导致的控制权转移甚至重新配置 ,产生新的控制权安排 ,由此动摇既定的治理结构内核 ;激励结构与公司治理密切相关 ,从多角度考虑的、动态的激励结构有助于完善公司治理     

关于我国公司治理结构的思考

公司治理结构问题是当今全球关注的焦点问题,我国企业改革的核心内容是建立科学合理的公司治理结构,本文在对我国公司治理结构现状的分析基础上,对我国公司治理结构的完善进行了法律思考。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.