政府融资平台风险防范问题探讨

本文结合天津市地方政府融资平台的发展及负债现状,揭示了政府融资平台潜在风险点并给出相关政策建议。     

中国地方政府融资平台的债务风险分析与治理对策探析

2008年以来,地方政府融资平台在加强基础设施建设和应对国际金融危机中发挥了积极的作用,但平台数量增长过快,贷款规模迅速扩张,相关运营问题逐步出现。本文对地方政府融资平台及其负债情况进行了概括,从四个方面分析了地方政府融资平台的负债风险,提出了规范地方政府融资平台发展的政策建议。     

金融分权对地方融资平台债务规模与结构影响的实证研究

地方融资平台正处于转型关键期,而其债务规模的持续增长给市场化转型增添了压力,不利于防范和化解地方政府债务风险.本文选取2009-2019年2489家地方融资平台的相关数据,实证检验了金融分权对地方融资平台债务的影响.研究发现,金融分权显著促进了地方融资平台的债务扩张;进一步分析发现,该效应主要体现于地方融资平台债务中的城投债务和长期债务,融资约束是金融分权债务扩张效应的作用渠道.此外,金融分权的债务扩张效应在基础设施、民生相关行业的地方融资平台中更加明显,新《预算法》实施后该效应减弱.本文的政策建议包括,重塑金融垂直管理体系、加快地方融资平台市场化转型、改造不同区域和行业的地方融资平台.     

中国商业银行流动性风险特征分析——基于市场流动性和融资流动性视角

本文对金融危机以来中国商业银行资产方的市场流动性风险和负债方的融资流动性风险进行了详细分析,比较了大型商业银行、上市中小商业银行与非上市中小商业银行的市场流动风险与融资流动性风险差异.随着中国商业银行资产构成趋于复杂化,资产方市场流动性风险有所提高;同业负债的规模由于整体上处于一个增长趋势,导致负债方的融资流动性风险加大;大型商业银行整体的流动性风险水平相对其他两类商业银行较低.     

破产成本对企业投融资决策互动关系的影响

融资决策与投资决策作为企业理财活动的两大部分,一直是国内外学者们关注的问题.文章从理论上讨论了破产成本因素作用下负债融资与投资决策之间的互动关系.表明,负债融资会通过对破产风险的正向影响负向地作用于企业的投资决策,反过来,投资支出会正向地影响企业的破产风险,从而抑制负债融资的增加.负债融资带来的破产风险可以约束企业投资,但负债融资又会导致投资不足问题,这种非效率投资将相应地提高负债融资的成本,对企业的负债融资产生抑制作用,降低其治理效应.     

关于地方政府融资平台形成的理论分析

随着我国近几年地方经济的迅猛发展,各地城镇化进程加快,地方政府融资体制伴随经济发展方式相应发生转变.地方各级政府融资平台这一特定目的的公司,在地方经济舞台上逐渐发展壮大,成为了推动地方经济发展的核心力量.但平台企业总体负债过高、治理结构不健全、率意担保承诺、严重依赖土地财政等问题日益引起关注,导致地方财政风险日益凸显.由此衍生的地方政府融资平台负债风险,日益引起社会关注.地方政府融资平台是在特定的社会发展时期的特殊经济现象,包含了社会、政治、经济等多元复杂的原因.对地方政府融资平台形成的理论分析,有助于控制风险和有效治理.     

地方政府融资平台公司债务风险管理探索

地方政府融资平台公司曾作为政府"钱袋子",是地方公共服务水平和基础设施提升改善的重要推动力量,有效缓解了地方政府资金短缺问题,为贯彻地方发展战略、实现经济增长做出了重大贡献.但是,融资平台公司在近几年债务快速扩张的同时,并未培育出与其负债水平相适应的盈利能力和市场竞争能力,债务风险逐步累积.在当前,融资平台公司债务风险...     

地方融资平台的债务风险及防范措施研究

<正>地方融资平台自诞生以来,突破法律、体制和政策的多重约束,多渠道筹集建设资金,为加快地方城镇化和工业化发展做出了重要贡献。但同时也暴露出了负债规模过大、风险过高的问题。本文研究和分析了地方融资平台债务风险的实质、形成原因和发展现状,并就此提出改进融资平台建设、控制债务风险的对策建议。     

地方政府融资平台资产证券化的风险及其防范机制研究

国内地方政府融资平台在经历爆炸式发展的同时,对促进国民经济发展功不可没,但也遗留了沉重的债务包袱,"高负债、政策紧、融资难"的困局迫切需要引入资产证券化工具突围。地方政府融资平台资产证券化具有融资成本低、效率高等优点,但它也是一把效益与风险兼具的双刃剑。文章研究了地方政府融资平台资产证券化的交易环节风险和政策性风险,认为交易环节风险具有普遍性,政策性风险是制度性根源,并提出了相应的风险防控机制。     

土地债务治理、融资平台转型与地方商业银行风险

本文研究土地债务治理对融资平台转型和地方商业银行经营风险的影响。研究发现,土储债券显著激励了地方政府土地出让行为;对融资平台而言,土储债券发行没有造成融资平台偿债风险攀升;对地方商业银行而言,土储债券发行显著降低了地方商业银行的经营风险。融资平台筹资活动增加和地方政府充实其资本金有效补充了融资平台现金流,土储债券使融资平台可以获得新的收入形式和来源,营业收入显著增长,但经营“造血”能力还未得到显著改观。本文结论表明,破除土地金融模式,发行土储债券,没有造成融资平台风险扩散,地方商业银行经营风险得以显著降低,有利于守住不发生系统性风险的底线。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…