浅析土地开发整理项目的问题及建议

项目规划设计和预算编制是土地开发整理项目工程实施的最重要依据和实施准则,是确定项目工程投资的重要组成部分,本论文对土地开发整理项目规划设计和概预算进行初步的介绍,并对项目规划设计和预算编制存在的问题进行简单的分析,并提出一些建议。     

土地开发整理项目新增耕地测算方法研究

本文对土地开发整理项目新增耕地测算方法进行了研究,归纳了主要土地开发整理项目实施前的新增耕地来源,分析了实施后的测算原理、方法等,并提出了相应的结论。     

浅谈土地开发整理项目竣工财务决算的编制

本文就土地开发整理项目竣工财务决算编制工作中存在的问题,提出相应的措施和建议,以促进土地开发整理项目竣工财务决策编制工作的完善和提高.具体措施有:国土部门和财政部门联合制定《土地开发整理项目竣工财务决算编制办法》;委托专业机构编制竣工财务决算;规范会计核算,加强会计基础工作.     

垫江加快土地开发整理步伐

垫江县国土房管局加大土地开发整理工作力度,2008年申报实施项目多,进展快,效果好。 该局把握机遇,全力推进土地开发整理工作。2008年,申报实施县级土地开发整理项目24个,计划实施规模8583．581公顷。预算投资6729．876万元,预计新增耕地789．82公顷;实施5个农村建设用地复垦项目,实施规模27．51公顷,预算投资130万元,预计新增耕地21．33公顷。     

实施土地开发整理权属调整的对策建议

实施土地开发整理必然要涉及到田块重整、村庄合并、权属重划和利益再分配等关系土地产权人切身利益的问题。正确处理好土地开发整理权属调整,依法确认调整和规定土地的所有权、使用权和承包经营权,保障土地所有者和使用者的合法权益,为进一步调动社会各方面的积极性,加大土地开发整理力度,营造一个良好的土地开发整理环境,实现土地开发整理新跨越具有重要作用。我们结合遂宁国家土地开发整理示范区项目建设实践进行了初步探讨。     

论土地开发整理工作

土地开发整理工作在实现我国土地资源可持续利用中有着重要意义.文章对建立土地开发整理的投融资渠道、建立土地开发整理专业技术队伍、加强土地开发整理项目的质量监督等方面作了认真探讨.     

綦江县

2007年12月17日,在綦江县土地开发整理中心的组织下,由县农业局、林业局、水利局、环保局的相关人员组成的专家组对2007年綦江县3个国家级项目（柳罗山土地开发整理项目一二三期、隆盛等镇土地整理项目和石角镇土地整理项目）的工程质量和整理效果进行了初次验收,并围绕“肯定成果、提出问题、限时整改”的12字方针,对项目的实地初验情况进行了总结。     

土地开发整理项目资金审计重点

土地开发整理是落实耕地保护基本国策,实现耕地总量动态平衡,改善土地资源利用结构,提高耕地质量,改善农业生产条件．建设高效生态现代农业．促进农业发展．提高农民收入和整个经济社会可持续发展的重要途径。加强土地开发整理项目资金的审计监督,保证土地开发整理项目资金的依法、合理的有效使用,促进土地开发整理项目顺利实施,是审计机关应尽的职责。笔者认为应把握以下五个重点。     

铜梁县

12月25日,市国土房管局专家组在铜梁小林、双山、平滩3个乡镇对国家级土地整理项目进行了严格验收,确认该项目新增耕地1554亩达标。铜梁小双平土地整理项目是该县第一个国家级土地整理项目,该项目2004年立项,2006年12月动工,总投资1662万元,涉及3镇7村,实施规模为12073亩。经过一年的建设,工程除对12073亩土地进行平整外,     

浅析青海土地开发整理项目中存在的问题和对策

土地开发整理项目是通过对项目区的综合整治,提高耕地质量和种植条件来促进地域经济的发展。文章以青海东部黄河谷地百万亩土地开发整理重大项目为例,对青海土地开发整理项目中存在的问题进行了分析,并就应对措施提出了一些见解。     

The Market, the Firm, and the Economics Profession

The mathematical and statistical complexity of economic research increased remarkably over the past century. While criticisms of the trend abound, the "wisdom of crowds" argument creates a presumption that the profession's acceptance of increasing mathematical sophistication is a net improvement. I provide a contrasting "market failure" argument for the excessive mathematization of economics. Academic research is not a cash-based economy, and this limits economists' ability to contract for assistance with technical research. Consequently, production of mathematical and statistical research must use the firm—the department—instead of the market. This alters the composition of the faculty and ultimately the economics curriculum, and the resulting level of sophistication may be greater than optimal.     

Agglomeration,Agriculture, and the Perspective of the Periphery

Abstract

This paper aims at pulling everything related to ‘agriculture’ or the ‘periphery’ a little more into the focus of research. We try to achieve this through surveying the existing theoretical and empirical literature in the field of NEG (New Economic Geography) in order to elaborate its linkages to immobile factors such as land, land-intensive productive activities, agriculture, rural areas, and the periphery. The main features of the broad variety of NEG models are reviewed with a special focus on the theme of agglomeration, which turns out to be vital for rural areas. All of these contributions are then commented on, with the aim of suggesting and discussing some future lines of research in the field.

Agglomération, agriculture, et la perspective de la périphérie

RÉSUMÉ La présente communication s'efforce de placer davantage tout ce qui concerne ‘l'agriculture’ ou la ‘périphérie’ sous l'optique de la recherche. Pour ceci, nous nous efforçons d'examiner de près les ouvrages théoriques et empiriques existants dans le domaine du NEG (New Economic Geography), afin d'en examiner les rapports avec des facteurs immuables comme la terre, les activités de production à utilisation intensive de la terre, l'agriculture, les zones rurales, et la périphérie. On se penche sur les principales caractéristiques du grand nombre de modèles NEG, en mettant tout particulièrement l'accent sur le thème de l'agglomération, qui s'avère jouer un rôle d'importance primordiale pour les zones rurales. On présente ensuite des commentaires sur toutes ces contributions dans le but de proposer certaines filières de recherche futures dans ce domaine, et d'en discuter.

Aglomeración, agricultura y la perspectiva de la periferia

RÉSUMÉ Este trabajo tiene como objetivo poner todo lo relacionado con la ‘agricultura’ o la ‘periferia’ un poco más en el foco de investigación. Intentamos hacerlo a través de una inspección de la bibliografía teórica y empírica existente en el campo NEG (New Economic Geography), con objeto de elaborar sus vínculos con factores inmóviles, tales como el terreno, actividades productivas que requieren terreno, agricultura, áreas rurales y la periferia. Las principales características de la amplia variedad de modelos NEG se revisan con un enfoque especial en el tema de la aglomeración, que resulta tener una importancia vital para las áreas rurales. Seguidamente, todas estas contribuciones se comentan con el propósito de sugerir y discutir líneas futuras de investigación en el campo.

     

Patents, Secrets, and the First-Inventor Defense

We analyze optimal patent design when innovators can rely on secrecy to protect their innovations. Secrecy has no fixed term but does not preclude accidental disclosure nor independent creation by other inventors. We derive the optimal scope of the rights conferred to such second inventors, showing that if the patent life is set optimally, second inventors should be allowed to patent and to exclude first inventors who have relied on secrecy. We then identify conditions under which it is socially desirable to increase patent life as much as is necessary to induce first inventors to patent. The circumstances in which it is preferable that they rely on secrecy seem rather limited .     

Errors, robustness, and the fourth quadrant

The paper presents evidence that econometric techniques based on variance–L² norm–are flawed and do not replicate. The result is un-computability of the role of tail events. The paper proposes a methodology to calibrate decisions to the degree (and computability) of forecast error. It classifies decision payoffs in two types: simple (true/false or binary) and complex (higher moments); and randomness into type-1 (thin tails) and type-2 (true fat tails), and shows the errors for the estimation of small probability payoffs for type 2 randomness. The fourth quadrant is where payoffs are complex with type-2 randomness. We propose solutions to mitigate the effect of the fourth quadrant, based on the nature of complex systems.     

Double Movement,Globalization, and the Crisis

This article asks whether the process of financial globalization and its recent crisis can be explained by Karl Polanyi's notion of the double movement and argues, in tune with this notion, that capitalist market relations depend on certain institutional arrangements and yet the development of the market forces deteriorates these institutions' arrangements to such extent that even the “capitalist business itself had to be sheltered from the unrestricted working of the market mechanism” (Polanyi 1944: 193).     

Sociology,history, and the abstract perspective

Our discussion is initiated as a response to the claim that sociologists should become “more historical” in their orientations. The issues are old, but every generation frames its own response. Our response is developed by appeal to intuitive convictions arising out of experience with mathematical models of social phenomena. We make a distinction between historical and sociological processes at a metaphysical level; that is, these two types of processes exemplify different categories of existence. Next we make this point of view concrete by using the idea of a model of social mobility as an example. The discussion then centers on problems related to the search for general laws. We frame a “fallacy of misplaced generality” and against this background discuss how the idea of scope conditions, used in conjunction with formal models, leads to a method for coping with the difficulties inherent in the effort to frame general sociological theories.     

Agglomeration, Dispersion, and the Pioneer Firm

This paper models industry location as a process of successive stages of agglomeration, dispersion, and reagglomeration. External economies lead firms to agglomerate in an industry center. Agglomeration drives up wages in the center, compelling firms to move low-skill activities to low-wage regions. A pioneer firm provides intermediation services between outlying regions and the center. The result is a regional production network: an industry center served by high-volume production sites, where pioneers are active, and low-volume production sites, where they are not. Evidence from the Mexican garment industry supports the theory.     

Learning, communication, and the bullwhip effect

We investigate the effect of learning and communication on the bullwhip effect in supply chains. Using the beer distribution game in a controlled laboratory setting, we test four behavioral hypotheses – bounded rationality, experiential learning, systems learning, and organizational learning – by systematically manipulating training and communication protocols. We find that order variability decreases significantly in a setting in which participants start with hands-on experience, and are then allowed to formulate team strategies collaboratively. This result indicates that while training may improve individuals’ knowledge and understanding of the system, it does not improve supply chain performance unless supply chain partners are allowed to communicate and share this knowledge. Our results indicate that the bullwhip effect is, at least in part, caused by insufficient coordination between supply chain partners.     

Securitization, liquidity, and the Brady plan

Securitization of bank loans is proposed as a solution to the ongoing debt difficulties for emerging market nations. This paper analyzes the effects of the Brady plan for four participating countries. In addition to resolving repayment problems, the plan had a statistically significant effect on prices due to its positive impact on liquidity. Previously, the market for traded bank debt was illiquid and dominated by a few large traders who depressed the price by exerting oligopsony power. By using Perron’s method of discerning breaks, it is found that the introduction of bonds led to structural change in the LDC secondary debt market. These effects are in addition to those of debt resolution and domestic reform.