建立东亚货币联盟的可行性分析

1997年东南亚金融危机的迅速扩散以及亚洲货币的竞争性贬值，引起了东亚各经济体对区域金融合作的关注。为了有效防范和化解危机，东亚各国已经开始积极讨论东亚金融合作的形式，提出了很多建设性的构想。事实上，近年来东亚区域的金融货币合作有了很大的进展。本文对实现东亚货币联盟的背景，现实基础及进展，以及存在的困难进行了探讨。并对中国在东亚金融合作中应采取的策略提出了建议。     

人民币成为“两岸四地”主导货币的实证研究——基于经济冲击对称视角的考察

随着大陆与港澳台经济合作与交流的不断深化,区域内经贸联系愈加紧密,市场融合进一步加快。本文从经济冲击对称性的视角出发,在对区域内经济周期相关性进行对比分析的基础上,采用四变量SVAR模型,考察人民币成为该区域主导货币的可能性。结果表明内地与香港、台湾地区之间需求和货币冲击性并不对称,但外部和供给冲击呈现一定的对称,人民币、港币和新台币实际有效汇率对结构冲击也具有相似的响应路径。因此,在当前"两岸四地"尚不能实现货币统一的情况下,内地与港澳台之间更应充分开展汇率合作,加快贸易金融一体化进程,推动人民币成为该区域主导货币。     

后危机时代:全球金融海啸与东亚经济整合的几点思考

文章通过对全球金融海啸的原因进行梳理分析提出后危机时代全球经济格局中的要素格局、贸易格局和产业格局会发生演变,同时,对后危机时代东亚经济整合提出了一些设想,认为亚洲一体化进程和经济货币合作进程的趋势是不可逆转的。为了推动亚洲区内经济的发展,必须加强亚洲各经济体之间的合作,促进贸易自由化。     

亚洲货币联盟可行性研究--东亚实际产出波动的冲击分析

区域货币联盟以及区域货币合作是近年来国际金融领域颇为关注的问题之一,关于它的研究对于防范金融危机、促进区域经济发展具有现实意义.本文以VAR模型分析包括中国在内的9个东亚国家与地区总需求冲击和总供给冲击的对称性,并通过与欧洲经验数据的比较,判断东亚实现区域货币联盟的可行性.     

欧元模式和美元化模式比较分析及其对东亚货币合作的启示

20世纪的最后20年，国际金融领域危机四起，为应对冲击、避免金融动荡，区域贷币合作和货币一体化成为国际货币制度的发展趋向，欧洲单一货币——欧元的诞生和拉美国家美元化实践了区域货币合作的两种模式：欧元模式和美元化模式。比较这两种模式对东亚货币合作具有非常有益的借鉴和启示。     

东亚国家(地区)的债券市场发展研究

东亚地区虽然拥有非常高的储蓄率和大量的外汇储备,却主要投向西方发达国家金融市场。东亚地区经济发展却过度依赖银行与外部融资,导致区域内的货币与期限双重错配。如果能在东亚地区建立一个区域性的债券市场,将东亚地区的巨额储蓄转化为区域内生产性投资,就可以扭转东亚各经济体对美元资产和银行金融机构的过度依赖性,提高危机应对能力。然而,东亚各经济体债券市场的法规与制度、债券资信评级、会计和风险审核标准以及交易、清算和结算系统等市场基础设施均存在明显的差异,债券市场发展水平参差不齐。要建立一个高效的东亚区域债券市场,推动本区域经济稳定发展与金融一体化,东亚区域各经济体债券市场间协调合作是必由之路。文章以东亚债券市场协调发展为主线,阐述了东亚债券市场的现状和发展东亚债券市场的意义,分析了东亚债券市场发展现状的原因。最后根据东亚金融市场的特点给出了东亚债券市场以及中国债券市场发展的具体措施。     

东亚货币合作：现实动因与可行性分析

蒙代尔(2000)预言,在未来10年内将出现三大货币区:欧元区、美元区和亚洲货币区,即“稳定性三岛”。东亚主要经济体构建统一货币区具有可行性。加强子区域货币合作,逐步融合为大的货币区,对于建立以次区域合作为基础、制度化建设为依托、动态的渐进式东亚货币合作模式具有重大意义。     

东亚区域货币合作的必要性分析——基于成本收益比较

东亚金融危机给整个东亚地区带来了巨大的经济损失,也使东亚各国和地区认识到区域经济合作的迫切性和重要性,欧元的成功启动以及美元区货币合作的初见成效,增强了东亚各国寻求货币合作的信心。文章从对东亚区域货币合作的成本收益比较的角度,论证了加强东亚货币合作的必要性。     

美国金融危机后东亚货币合作路径探讨

始于美国的次贷危机为世界经济特别是东亚经济发展带来的巨大冲击的同时也为东亚地区货币合作的深化带来的机遇.此次金融危机后,东亚各国、各地区加快了货币合作的进程.在概括了东亚货币合作现状的基础上,分析了金融危机后东亚货币合作的面临的主要问题,并对其今后的路径选择进行了分析.     

东亚货币合作可行性的经济数据检验——基于OCA理论的分析

在最优货币区理论构筑的分析框架下,东亚区域在经济开放度、出口产品结构相似性、经济冲击对称性方面达到了OCA理论的标准,而在生产要素的流动性、金融市场一体化等方面距离最优货币区的标准尚有差距,但是这种差距正在缩小。通货膨胀相似性方面东亚整体虽未满足OCA标准的要求,但是有次区域已经符合这一标准。考虑到最优货币区标准的内生性,而且大量文献通过对东亚地区进行分组并采用不同的研究方法,证明东亚地区存在形成最优货币区的潜力,因而对次区域的货币合作可行性分析依然乐观。     

The prospects of a monetary union in East Asia

This paper assesses the empirical desirability of the East Asian economies to form a monetary union. The Structural Vector Autoregression (VAR) method is employed to assess the nature of macroeconomic disturbances among the East Asian countries, as a preliminary guide in identifying potential candidates for forming an Optimum Currency Area (OCA). In comparison with European countries, East Asia has less symmetric underlying structural shocks but the speed of adjustment to shocks is much faster. The empirical results suggest that there exists a scope among some small sub-regions, comprising mainly of ASEAN countries, for potential monetary integration. The finding of an increased symmetry of shocks among countries after the Asian Financial crisis indicates that the regional policy-coordinating effort after the crisis has put the region on the right track if monetary union is a desired goal.     

Is East Asia an optimum currency area?

This paper assesses the empirical desirability of the East Asian economies to an alternative exchange rate arrangement (a monetary union) that can potentially enhance the exchange rate stability and credibility in the region. Specifically, the symmetry in macroeconomic disturbances of the East Asian economies is examined as satisfying one of the preconditions for forming an Optimum Currency Area (OCA). We extend the existing literature by improving the methodology of assessing the symmetry shocks in evaluating the suitability of a common currency area in the East Asian economies employing the Bayesian State-Space Based approach. We consider a model of an economy in which the output is influenced by global, regional and country-specific shocks. The importance of a common regional shock would provide a case for a regional common currency. This model allows us to examine regional and country-specific cycles simultaneously with the world business cycle. The importance of the shocks decomposition is that studying a subset of countries can lead one to believe that observed co-movement is particular to that subset of countries when it in fact is common to a much larger group of countries. In addition, the understanding of the sources of international economic fluctuations is important for making policy decisions. The falling share of country specific factor and the rising role of region factor indicate that East Asia has become increasingly favorable for a monetary union. However, the share of country-specific factor that is still significant implies that it could be costly to renounce individual currencies to advance into a monetary union in East Asia.     

Neoliberal growth models,monetary union and the Euro crisis. A post-Keynesian perspective

The paper offers an account of the Euro crisis based on post-Keynesian monetary theory and its typology of demand regimes. Neoliberalism has transformed social and financial relations in Europe but it has not given rise to a sustained profit-led growth process. Instead, growth has relied either on financial bubbles and rising household debt (‘debt-driven growth’) or on net exports (‘export-driven growth’). In Europe the financial crisis has been amplified by an economic policy architecture (the Stability and Growth Pact) that aimed at restricting the role of fiscal policy and monetary policy. This neoliberal economic policy regime in conjunction with the separation of monetary and fiscal spheres has turned the financial crisis of 2007 into a sovereign debt crisis in southern Europe.     

Why Crisis Continue?——The Endogenous Reason of Financial Crisis and Evolution to the Debt Crisis and the Enlightenment

当前欧债危机越演越烈,需要重新思考金融危机爆发并且演化为主权债务危机的内生性根源.此次金融危机中,资本主义社会的基本矛盾是危机发生的制度性根源.这一矛盾外化为“相对过剩”.经济机制层面,新自由主义影响下的自由市场经济体制放大了市场经济固有的缺陷,为危机的爆发积累了机制性原因.微观市场层面,缺乏金融监管、不当的房地产和货币政策则是诱发危机的直接原因.高赤字和高负债的背景下,一些国内经济和社会矛盾突出的国家发生主权债务危机是金融危机深化的必然结果.处理好自由市场经济和规制市场经济、金融创新和金融监管、实体经济和虚拟经济的关系以及地方债务问题是此次金融和债务危机给我国的最大启示.     

TIME‐VARYING VOLATILITY,DEFAULT, AND THE SOVEREIGN RISK PREMIUM

This article studies how volatility changes affect sovereign spreads in strategic default models. Volatility changes affect savings and sovereign spreads. However, the impact of volatility shocks is state dependent; when the economy has a low debt, an increase in volatility is prone to generate precautionary savings. Instead, with high debt, an increase in volatility is likely to induce an even further increase in debt and spreads, both in endowment and production economies. I document a positive correlation between sovereign spreads and aggregate income volatility for a set of European economies during the debt crisis, consistent with the model's implications.     

Monetary Policy Coordination and the Level of National Debt

This paper uses the Canzoneri-Henderson benchmark framework of monetary policy coordination in interdependent economies to analyze how high levels of national debt affect monetary policy interactions. Using a two-country model, I first study how central banks interact in a flexible exchange-rate regime. I find that a low-debt country is better off interacting with a country with high debt, when both economies are affected by an aggregate inflationary shock. I also consider a political dependence scenario, in which central banks are subject to political pressure. In the case of a debt-burdened country, the political incentive to reduce interest payments on debt will spur a Gordon–Barro like inflation bias. However, under a flexible exchange-rate regime, the low-debt country will not be affected. Under a monetary union instead, political pressure may affect the low-debt country as well, and possibly create an inflation bias even greaterthan in the flexible exchange-rate regime. This scenario presents another example of how Rogoff's counterproductive monetary cooperation may arise under European Monetary Union.     

欧元区主权债务期限结构的实证分析

本文通过对欧元区成员国长期债务占总债务比重与各国整体宏观经济指标相关关系的实证分析表明,欧元区各国以GDP与税收比、债务与GDP之比所描述的当期融资能力与长期债务比例呈显著负相关,由于非对称冲击的作用,各国体现出不同的特征。本文同时构建了一个政府债务效用函数的二期模型,说明主权债务期限结构安排可以通过宏观调控进行跨期平滑,以防止主权债务危机的发生。     

“欧洲学期”:欧盟改善经济治理的重要一步

主权债务危机充分暴露出欧盟内部经济治理方面的体制性缺陷,也让成员国看到深化欧盟内部融合、增进财政预算和宏观经济政策协调的必要性。"欧洲学期"就是欧盟在债务危机恶化之际推出的一项重大改革举措,是完善欧盟经济治理的重要内容。因此,对这一机制的研究显得尤为必要。本文从"欧洲学期"机制的框架内容、创新之处、存在的问题、实施现状和预期政策效应等方面着手,试图对其做出较为客观全面的剖析,并给出初步的评价。     

基于欧债危机的欧盟多层次区域治理

本文基于大量翔实的统计数据,首先分析部分欧元区成员国陷入主权债务危机的原因与表现,然后深入研究重债国、欧元区和欧盟的综合治理措施。结果发现,产业结构不合理、贸易逆差较大、政府收支失衡、统一货币政策与分散财政政策并存等内因是导致危机的关键,全球金融危机是重要加速器。针对欧债危机的欧盟多层次区域治理,集短期应急措施、中期整改措施与长期预警机制的建立为一体,是超国家机构与主权国家之间协调一致的共同治理,对于全球治理具有重要示范效应。