中国有色金属工业生产效率评价

利用2006—2010年我国省际面板数据,利用数据包络分析方法,从静态和动态两个角度,对我国29个省(自治区、直辖市)有色金属工业的生产效率进行了实证分析。静态分析结果表明:我国有色金属工业的生产效率整体偏低,受地方经济发达程度的影响较显著;整个行业的无效率主要来自于纯技术无效率,且行业的地区发展极不平衡,行业抵抗突发性经济危机的能力较脆弱;有色金属工业生产效率的省际差异逐渐拉大,个别省份的生产效率极低。利用Malmquist生产率指数进行的动态研究结果表明:2006—2010年期间,受技术进步这一主动力的影响,我国有色金属工业生产率总体上处于上升状态;技术效率和技术进步两个因素的交相波动决定了整个行业的生产率水平呈波动上升态势。     

Technical Efficiency in the Chinese Textile Industry

This paper presents a measurement of the technical efficiency of textile industries with 4-digit codes in China by using the cross-section data from 2002 and 2007 and a fully nonparametric stochastic frontier estimation approach. The technical efficiency of these textile industries is compared across six economic ownership types and across seven regions in China. This uncovers the effects of the proprietary characteristics and the location of a firm on its technical efficiency performance. The nonparametric estimation provides some interesting findings. First, textile production in China performs with a decreasing return to scale. The difference between the output elasticity of labor and that of capital decreases from the year 2002 to 2007. Second, the technical efficiency of the 4-digit textile industry in China is significantly contingent on its ownership and location. Privately-run textile enterprises on average perform with the highest level of technical efficiency among the six ownership types while state-owned enterprises perform with the lowest level of technical efficiency, whether or not the location dummies are accounted for. Third, the technical efficiency evaluated by regions follows the order: “eastern area > southern area > central area > northern area,” which remains unchanged across the two years.     

ICT spillovers and productivity in Canada: provincial and industry analysis

Research on the effect of information and communication technology (ICT) on productivity in developed countries is already extensive, but the spillover and time-varying effects of ICT investment across economic activities have been only minimally explored. This paper investigates the impacts of ICT and its spillovers on productivity in Canada, focusing on heterogeneity across provinces and industries over time. The panel data estimation model includes 10 provinces with diverse economic activities for the period 1990–2008, and the two-digit level industries for the period 1981–2008. The findings show that ICT has a positive impact on labour productivity, but the effects vary significantly across provinces, industries, and time. Specifically, while provinces with higher shares of manufacturing and services in their GDP have reaped the benefits of ICT investment, other provinces primarily dependent on natural resources and agriculture are lagging behind. The industry-level analysis also reveals that manufacturing and services industries have benefited from ICT investment much more than primary sector industries. The results further indicate that ICT investment in the USA, a major trading partner, has spilled over to some Canadian provinces and industries and that the overall ICT effects are stabilized in those ICT-intensive provinces and industries.     

长三角地区中小企业技术创新能力的因子分析与聚类分析

简要介绍了区域中小企业技术创新能力评价指标体系,运用该指标体系以及因子分析法和聚类分析法,对长三角地区16个地级以上城市的中小企业技术创新能力进行了定量评估与横向比较,揭示了长三角地区中小企业技术创新能力的空间分布和地域特征。     

高技术产业转移的定量测度及效应分析

基于2009—2018年中国内地30个省市高技术产业面板数据，从定量角度分析高技术产业相对转移规模和转移特征，并运用静态面板模型和动态面板模型检验产业转移能否提升高技术产业全要素生产率，以及通过何种路径作用于全要素生产率提升。研究表明，高技术产业总体呈现从东部向中西部转移的趋势，并在局部地区存在梯度转移特征，不同子行业转移和集聚趋势存在显著差异；产业转移能显著提升承接地高技术产业全要素生产率，但产业转移对全要素生产率的作用路径存在行业异质性，各行业产业转入对纯技术效率的正向影响显著，说明产业转移主要通过纯技术效率促进承接地产业全要素生产率提升。     

中国省际高新技术产业技术创新的 TFP测算及收敛趋势研究

采用DEA Malmquist方法与Bootstrap方法相结合,本文对2000-2010年间我国省际高新技术产业技术创新的TFP进行了测算,并对区域高新产业技术创新的TFP变化差异进行了收敛性检验。研究结果显示,2000-2010年间我国高新技术产业技术创新效率处于不断波动中,技术创新效率的改进并不理想;从三大区域和各省市的情况来看,高新技术产业技术创新效率变动方向存在显著差异;短期内,各区域高新技术产业技术创新的TFP变化呈现一定的发散性,长期则具有较强的收敛趋势。     

基于DEA-Malmquist的中部地区高技术产业R&D效率实证研究

在中部科技崛起思想背景下,文章基于《中国高技术产业统计年鉴(2005—2010)》数据资料,使用C2R模型、BC2模型以及DEA—Malmquist指数分析法对2004—2009年中部六省高技术产业的R&D的综合技术效率、资源配置效率、技术进步指数等因素进行实证研究。结果认为:航天航空业综合效率无效,是导致整体高技术产业TFP值低下的主要原因;电子计算机及办公设备制造业的TFP值与技术进步指数最高;技术进步对高技术产业的推动作用超过资源配置指数。文章最后还给出了几点改进非有效行业R&D效率的对策建议。     

剥离环境因素的中国高技术产业创新效率综合测度研究

由于未剔除环境因素和随机误差的影响,运用传统数据包络分析（DEA）和随机前沿分析（SFA）对高技术产业创新效率进行研究,容易引起评价结果误差。采用二者相结合的三阶段DEA模型对高技术产业创新效率及其影响因素进行测度与分析,能够保证评价结果的有效性。研究结果显示：规模效率不足是限制我国高技术产业创新效率提升的关键因素;另外,市场开放度能够显著正向促进高技术产业创新效率提升,而政府资助、地区经济发展和地区竞争不利于创新效率提升。最后,对投入要素与技术效率进行聚类分析,将我国内地28个省市划分为4种创新类型,并〖JP〗提出提升高技术产业创新效率的政策建议。     

Technology clubs, R&D and growth patterns: Evidence from EU manufacturing

This paper investigates the forces driving output change in a panel of EU manufacturing industries. A flexible modeling strategy is adopted that accounts for: (i) inefficient use of resources and (ii) differences in the production technology across industries. With our model we are able to identify technical, efficiency, and input growth for endogenously determined technology clubs. Technology club membership is modeled as a function of R&D intensity. This framework allows us to explore the components of output growth in each club, technology spillovers and catch-up issues across industries and countries.     

中国棉花生产技术效率及其影响因素分析

深入分析我国棉花生产技术效率及其影响因素,对于稳定和提高棉花产量、保障国民经济健康发展有着重要意义.本文首先对我国12个主产省棉花生产的技术效率进行测算,并重点考察了其时序波动和地区差异特征;其次探讨了棉花生产技术效率的主要影响因素,通过构建计量模型,对可能的影响因素进行了回归分析.结果表明,2001-2009年,我国棉花生产技术效率的区域差异和时序波动特征明显,西北棉区技术效率最高且波动最小,其次是黄河流域棉区,长江流域棉区技术效率最低且波动最剧烈;适度规模经营、农民受教育程度、农业科技人员数量和非农产业发展对棉花生产的技术效率有正效应,非农人口比例和异常天气的负面影响较大.文章最后给出了相应的政策建议.     

The Efficiency Impact of the Chinese Industrial Reforms in the 1980’s

A stochastic frontier production function is used to estimate the effect of partial and gradual reforms in the 1980’s in each of seven state-owned manufacturing industries. Reform-induced gains in technical efficiency were significant in all sample industries although not always substantial enough to motivate industry-wide productivity growth. The bonus system had speedy and impressive efficiency effects, but there is no consistent evidence on the effectiveness of other reform measures, including greater output autonomy, partial exposure to market influences, and the possibility of dismissals for malfeasance. Equalization of marginal factor returns across firms was observed in some industries, which may be considered as evidence of improved allocative efficiency in response to the reforms.     

MORE COSTLY OR MORE PRODUCTIVE? MEASURING CHANGES IN COMPETITIVENESS IN MANUFACTURING ACROSS REGIONS IN CHINA

Using a newly constructed industry-by-region dataset based on China's two censuses, this paper examines the trend of average labor compensation (ALC), labor productivity (ALP) and unit labor cost (ULC) in 28 manufacturing industries across 29 provinces in China for 1995 and 2004. Findings show that at the aggregate level, ALP growth was generally faster than that of ALC and hence resulted in a significant decline in ULC for all regions in China. Furthermore, less developed regions exhibited stronger productivity growth relative to labor cost increase than more developed regions, thus leading to a convergence in ULC levels across provinces and regions over this period. Comparing individual industries, we observe a substantial variation in growth rates and convergence trends across regions. Logit regression analysis confirms that labor-intensive industries are more likely to converge in ALP, ALC and ULC, whereas capital/skill-intensive industries tended to diverge. This finding is further confirmed by estimating a convergence regression, which suggests that misallocation of resources due to market imperfections or institutional barriers is likely to be the main factor behind the divergence of ULC.     

竞争性领域国有企业与非国有企业技术效率的比较和分析——基于2000-2009年20个工业细分行业的研究

国有企业效率一直以来都是中国经济发展中的焦点问题,国有企业在竞争性领域效率的表现与其是否全面退出竞争性领域的政策主张关系密切。本文基于竞争性领域20个工业细分行业的面板数据,运用随机前沿分析方法分别计算了国有企业和非国有企业20个竞争性行业2000-2009年期间的年度技术效率。结果表明,在此期间,竞争性领域国有企业和非国有企业的工业行业技术效率之间存在差距,但由于国有企业技术效率上升态势明显,使得两者的效率总体上趋同。本文的研究结果意味着,主张目前国有企业必须从竞争性领域全面退出为时尚早,竞争性领域国有企业改革应当也能够继续深入推进,进一步提高市场的竞争程度、在适当行业扶植企业做大做强均有益于竞争性领域国有企业技术效率的提升。     

西部地区资源型产业R&D效率研究:基于DEA的分析

基于产业经营绩效和创新产出绩效两个视角,运用投入导向的规模报酬不变(CRS)的DEA模型和超效率方法,对西部12个省、市、区资源型产业R&D的效率进行实证分析。结果表明,在现有的产出水平下,各个省、市、区资源型产业R&D投入效率较低;各个省、市、区相同资源型产业研发实力和研发管理效率以及研发成果产生的经营绩效上的差异导致同一产业R&D投入产生不同的贡献度,这其中研发成果产生的经营绩效差异性是主要原因。     

The efficiency of museums: a stochastic frontier production function approach

This article examines the technical efficiency of museums based upon data derived from a questionnaire survey of South West England. A stochastic frontier production function is estimated with output measured in terms of visitor numbers. The Cobb-Douglas function is shown to be the best representation of the production function. Average levels of efficiency are estimated to be fairly low at 45.5% with wide variations across museums. The results indicate that high levels of public funding and voluntary activity have a significantly negative impact on technical efficiency. It is argued that further research is needed to develop more sophisticated measures of the output of cultural industries and understand the economic importance of volunteers.     

对外经济开放、金融危机对中国资本配置效率的影响

本文利用中国30个省、自治区和直辖市1999-2010年间163个工业行业的面板数据,按照沃格勒的方法测算各地区资本配置效率,然后考察各地区对外经济开放、金融危机对资本配置效率的影响,并特别考察了金融危机发生后对外经济开放变量对资本配置效率影响的差异。实证结果表明：外资开放度的提高会降低各地区资本配置效率,但在金融危机之后外资开放度不利于各地区资本配置效率的状况有所改善;出口贸易开放度的增加会提高各地区资本配置效率,但在金融危机之后出口贸易开放度对促进各地区资本配置效率的作用趋于恶化状态。     

区域“大众创业，万众创新”效率评价

以中国内地31个省（市）数据为基础,以“大众创业,万众创新”（简称“双创”）的本质及特征为依据,构建了一套区域“双创”效率评价指标体系。运用三阶段DEA方法,在控制环境因素的基础上考察了各地区“双创”投入产出转化效率。研究显示,目前各区域“双创”效率发展不均衡,规模效率和纯技术效率除个别地区达到1以外,其它地区都存在不同程度的效率缺损。最后,根据规模效率和纯技术效率大小,对31个省市的“双创”效率进行四分图归纳,根据归纳结果提出了相应的解决措施,可为“双创”可持续发展提供参考依据。     

Technology elasticity and potential on energy saving and emission reduction: evidence from China

This article investigates the elasticity of different technology choices to energy efficiency and chemical oxygen demand/ammonia nitrogen emission reducing efficiency among 38 industries in China from 2008 to 2011. With data envelopment analysis, total-factor productivity growth, the common measure of technical progress, is divided into different parts: technical efficiency relative to the frontier, technology change and scale efficiency, which are regarded as three different choices of technological progress. For various industries, technology elasticity is quite different and the importance of different technical choices is diverse in the improvement of efficiency on energy saving and emission reduction. Policymakers could focus on the elasticity of different technical progress choices in various industries to improve energy and emission reduction efficiency.     

FDI Location and the Relevance of Spatial Linkages: Evidence from Provincial and Industry FDI in China

In this study both aggregate and industry‐level foreign direct investment (FDI) data are employed to investigate the spatial dependence of FDI hosts. The analysis contributes to the existing literature by focusing on the heterogeneous spatial correlation of FDI in different industries. Using more comprehensive FDI data across multiple industries and multiple provinces in China from 1999 to 2007, the results show a significant spatial correlation among provinces. Aggregate FDI tends to be regional trade platform oriented indicating neighboring provinces become competitors for FDI. In contrast, results based on industry‐level provincial FDI show stronger support for vertical or complex vertical FDI.     

中国工业的技术选择与技术进步:1985—2003

本文对1985—2003年来中国工业行业的技术选择做了评估,用DEA法计算期间工业行业的技术进步(TFP)及其分解项技术变化与技术效率,对技术选择与技术进步的关系进行理论梳理和实证检验。我们发现和论证了:(1)中国工业部门在1991—1995和1999—2003年间两度有重化工业化趋势,在1993—1998年间发生了加速资本深化,1999年后,资本深化逐年趋缓。不同产权类型的资本产出比、劳动生产率和资本生产率存在很大差异;(2)工业行业在1990—1993年和1999—2003年有明显的技术进步,两个期间的技术进步主要分别归因于技术效率和技术变化;(3)国企比例或垄断程度高的行业在技术变化方面表现突出,但技术效率的退化程度令人堪忧,而竞争性强的行业技术效率改善明显,但技术变化方面表现不佳;(4)中国工业行业的技术选择(资本深化)对技术变化具有Granger促进作用(反之不成立),但技术变化不是期间技术进步的主要方面,以至于资本深化与技术进步间并不存在统计上的稳定关系。