AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF METROPOLITAN MARKET CONDUCT IN FOOD RETAILING

Market conduct in food retailing has a major effect on social welfare and, therefore, warrants empirical examination. An urban center – Edmonton – was studied to determine the nature of price behavior as a signal of market information and as a tool of competitive price strategy. Market performance evaluation reveals numerous deficiencies. Market imperfections such as price discrimination and market segmentation, price inefficiency, and deceptive advertising, are readily apparent. The analytic results suggest that socioeconomic improvements and market reforms are necessary in the areas of competition policy, advertising regulations, consumer education programs, and opportunity development.
UNE ÉTUDE EMPIRIQUE DU MARCHÉ MÉTROPOLITAN AU NIVEAU DE V ALIMENT AT ION DU DÉTAIL –La maîtrise du marché dans le commerce alimentaire de détail a un effet majeur sur le bien-être social et par conséquent, justifie cette analyse empirique. Un centre urbain, Edmonton, a étéétudié afin de déterminer la nature du comportement des prix en tant qu'indice d'information du marché et outil d'une stratégie concurrentielle des prix. L'analyse des structures du marché révèle de nombreuses déficiences. Des défauts tels que: discrimination des prix et segmentation des marchés, prix inefficaces et publicité inadéquate sont facilement apparents. Les résultats suggèrent que des améliorations socio-économiques et des réformes de marché sont nécessaires dans le domaine de la concurrence, de la publicité, dans les programmes d'éducation du consommateur et dans les occasions de développement.     

AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ADVERTISING AND SALES: A CASE STUDY OF THE LIQUID MILK MARKET

The conventional econometric treatment of the possible dynamic relationship between two variables such as sales and advertising involves ad hoc assumptions concerning causality and lag structure. This paper focuses attention on a technique which tries to detect an empirical relationship between the advertising and sales of liquid milk. Our conclusions suggest that, at least in the market examined, the effectiveness of advertising in increasing sales appears to be limited.     

A STUDY OF BANANA SUPPLY AND PRICE PATTERNS ON THE SYDNEY WHOLESALE MARKET: AN APPLICATION OF SPECTRAL ANALYSIS*

Spectral analysis is applied to weekly supply and price series for bananas traded on the Sydney wholesale market. Many interesting features are revealed such as the pronounced seasonal component and the two week lag structure between the supply and price series. These results are discussed in relation to the known behaviour of the market and some implications for marketing decisions are tentatively drawn.     

早籼稻米市场前景浅析

早籼稻米是粮食中的一个季节性品种,其市场前景取决于粮食总量和稻米占粮食的比重。虽然早籼稻品种更新换代,品质不断改善,但由于夏秋气候不同,同一品种的晚籼品质必然好于早籼。早籼稻米在稻米及粮食总量中占有一定份额,是我国粮食安全的重要支撑,也是南方很大一部分农民生活的基本保障。国家在制订粮食宏观调控政策时,既要考虑总量,也要考虑品种;既要保护粮农利益,又不能刺激过饱和的品种扩大,更要有利于淘汰劣质品种;要更好运用市场调节功能,优化粮食品种结构。     

以石料矿权拍卖为突破口推进矿权市场建设

本文以石料矿权拍卖为突破口,论证了推进矿业权市场建设的五大举措.     

AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE CANADIAN EGG MARKET

This paper analyzes the market forces - demand, supply, price and trade - operative in the Canadian egg market. Quarterly data for the period 1961–1973 (inclusive) was employed, and Three-Stage least squares procedure was applied to a 12-equation model. Eggs were found to have a very small (–.003) coefficient of direct price elasticity and a negative (–.267) coefficient of income elasticity. At supply level, lagged egg-feed price ratio had an inelastic coefficient. The model was used to forecast for 1974, and was found satisfactory.
Cette étude analyse les forces qui influencent Ie marché des œufs - la demande, l'approvisionnement, les prix et le commerce - au Canada. Les données trimestrielles couvrant la période de 1961 à 1973 (inclusif) fûrent basées sur le système du moindre carré en trois stages sur un modèle à 12 équations. II fut trouvé que les œufs donnent us très petit coefficient (– .003) d'élasticité de prix directe, ainsi qu'un coefficient négatif (–.267) d'élasticité de revenu. Au niveau d'approvisionnement, la proportion ceuf-nourriture retarded avait aussi un coefficient inelastique. Le modéle fut 'employ' pour les predictions de 1974, et fut trouvé satisfaisant.     

分析预测：2005年早籼稻市场走势浅析

2004年,在全国稻谷产量已经连续几年减产的大背景下,国家出台了一系列惠农政策,大大刺激了农民的种粮积极性,粮食产量大幅提高。尤其是稻谷最低收购价政策在2004年取得了明显效果,全国稻谷总产高达17769万吨,其中早稻产量高达3210万吨,增幅较大。2005年国家继续加大扶农支持力度,农民生产积极性持续高涨,稻谷种植积极性特别高。南方粮食交易市场早稻调研小组在几个种粮大县也得知,很多湖田、荒田复种,水田承包费大幅上涨,经济作物改种稻谷特别普遍。据悉,今年各主产区早籼稻播种面积均有增加,而且今年对早稻来说又是一个好年景,丰收已成定局…     

AN EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS WITH APPLICATION TO THE KUWAITI POULTRY MARKET

Changes in exporter market shares in the Kuwaiti poultry import market over the period 1971–81 are analysed by three modelling procedures. Two traditional approaches, a first-order constant transition probability Markov model and a set of market share equations, are found to be of only limited use. As an alternative, a multinominal logit model of market share behaviour is estimated. The empirical results indicate that, in addition to relative price changes, domestic policy inducements for Brazilian and European Community exports are important in determining market share changes. A comparison of the explanatory abilities of the models suggests that the multinominal logit model is as least as good as traditional modelling alternatives with respect to econometric criteria. It is concluded that the multinominal logit model offers considerable promise as a tool for market share research.     

ESTIMATING SOURCES OF FLUCTUATIONS IN THE AUSTRALIAN WOOL MARKET: AN APPLICATION OF VAR METHODS

Vector autoregression (VAR) methods are used to analyse the contribution of supply, demand and policy shocks to unpredictable fluctuations in the market for Australian wool. VAR procedures are compared with conventional structural econometric models as methods for decomposing sources of instability. While each has advantages and disadvantages, VAR procedures might be viewed as preferable when the underlying market structure is complex and uncertain, as it is in the case of wool. Based on the results obtained, demand shocks are the dominant source of uncertainty in the wool market in the absence of Australian Wool Corporation intervention, but intervention has blunted their effects, reducing market uncertainty and increasing the average level of prices and revenues.     

培育矿业权市场振兴安徽矿业

本文着重阐述了矿业权市场的由来与意义、安徽省矿业权市场的现状与问题,对培育安徽省矿业权市场提出了几点建议.     

AN INDEX OF MANAGEMENT EFFICIENCY FOR EGYPTIAN AGRICULTURE: A CASE STUDY OF LARGE FARMS

An index of management efficiency in cotton production is formed for each of five geographical regions in Egypt for farms of large enough size for the functions of management and labour to be separated. The index is introduced as a variable in the production function and reveals distinct differences between the regions in the scope for improving management efficiency.     

A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSIS OF MARKET EFFICIENCY

Important agricultural marketing policies and decisions are constantly before industry and government. Much market research is being supported. There is a need to “bridge” research with policy. The core of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework that spans the needed analysis of marketing efficiency. The basic point is that marketing policy must focus on both competition and physical operations. The analysis of this paper builds upon Clark's concept of workable competition and Sosnick's extension to the concept of effective competition. Market efficiency is separated into operational efficiency and exchange efficiency components; the determinants of each component are diagnosed and analyzed in terms of costs and pricing. While the agricultural marketing process produces increments of product form, space, and time utility, costs are incurred. Cost analysis is central to the notion of operational efficiency; cost levels depend upon market organization and the feasible set of market logistics. Exchange efficiency refers primarily to price; the effectiveness with which price reflects costs depends upon market structures and the applicable competitive strategies. The conceptual framework developed in this paper integrates the preceding relationships and formalizes an approach for decisions. Trade-offs often exist between operational efficiency and exchange efficiency components of market efficiency. When a trade-off relationship exists, market efficiency is maximized by equalizing the gain in one component with the opportunity-cost loss in the other component. Le gourvernement el I'industrie font continuellemeni face à?importante décisions dans le domaine des marchés el de la politique agricloe. Ces deux groupes subven-tionnenl les recherches dans ce domaine. II y a un besoin de Her la recherche avec la politique. ?essentiel de cet article est de développer un côdre qui comprend ?analyse nécessaire pour ?efficacité du marché, le point important est que le politique du marché doit se concentrer sur le concurrence et les operations. L'analyse de cet article travail sur le théorie de concurrence réalisable de Clark et sur celle Sosnick traitant de ?Extension de la concurrence effective. ?efficacité du marché est diversé en deux éléments: ?exploitation efftcace el ?echange éfficace, les facteurs déterminant de chaque élément sont soumis à un diagnostic et à une analyse en termes du coût et du prix     

2009年新早稻上市前瞻

新产早籼稻马上就进入成熟收割期了。早籼稻盘子虽小（近年早稻产量占稻谷总产的比例在17％左右）,但作为每年第一个上市的稻谷新作品种,其价格往往对新的市场年度的稻谷整体价格有重要影响,历来引人注目。今年4月2013,郑州商品交易所成功推出了早籼稻期货,除产业资本之外,今年早稻势必还会吸引金融资本的关注。因此,今年市场对新产早稻的关注将会有增无减。在新早稻上市前,本文从以下几个方面对市场进行前瞻性展望,谨供读者参考。     

MARKET DISTORTIONS IN BRAZILIAN AGRICULTURE: AN ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF GOVERNMENT POLICY ON THE BEEF AND DAIRY SECTORS

Intervention in the beef and dairy sectors has been the core of Brazilian agricultural policy. An econometric model of these sectors is used as a tool with which to measure the consequences of government-induced market distortions on prices, production, consumption and external trade. It is argued that large economic losses and a less egalitarian distribution of income have been the results of government policy to date.     

EMPIRICAL TESTS OF SPATIAL AND STRUCTURAL EFFECTS ON CATTLE AUCTION PRICES

Two investigations are reported. The first is a comparison of average prices for two cattle types within pairs of some major auction centres in Australia. Significant price differences existed in three of the four cases studied. The second is a study of the main determinants of price differences between auction selling centres through a case study of a large and small auction centre. The major factor explaining the price differences between the two auction centres was lot size. This factor also influenced price variation within auctions. The number of buyers purchasing cattle did not affect price levels.     

我国水产品拍卖交易方式探析

实施拍卖交易是我国水产品批发市场交易方式创新的必然选择。鉴于我国水产品批发市场全面推行拍卖交易存在许多制约因素,当前仍可以采取拍卖交易与对手交易相结合的模式,逐步扩大拍卖交易范围,实现以拍卖交易为主的发展模式。     

中国大陆牡蛎市场分析

中国不仅是世界养殖大国，而且也是世界养殖牡蛎的大国。本文主要从我国牡蛎的生产、消费和牡蛎消费潜力趋势三个方面对我国大陆牡蛎市场进行了全面的分析。