A model for the planning of new settlement projects

A comparative study of new settlement projects revealed a common failure to realize full employment potentials owing to reliance on agriculture alone. The present study proposes a method of increasing employment potentials, using a simulation model of multisectoral projects. The model comprises 18 prototypes, based on different combinations of ecological conditions, number of settlers and level of income. Employment potentials in industry and services are calculated by applying appropriate ‘multiplying-factor’ coefficients to agricultural employment capacity. The results indicate that greater employment potentials are realized in multisectoral projects. Moreover, efficiency of employment generation increases with the increase in the level of planned income and the size of the project, as indicated by greater employment density per unit of cultivated area and lower investment per employment unit.     

农林高校大学生服务农村基层意愿及其障碍性因素分析——以福建农林大学为例

建设社会主义新农村是党的十六届五中全会作出的重大战略部署,新农村的建设需要众多领域专门人才的智力支持。高校毕业生到农村基层就业,有助于推动社会主义新农村建设,更加有助于缓解目前严峻的就业压力,是一种双赢模式。本文以福建农林大学为例分析了农林高校大学生服务农村基层的状况,并从政策落实、就业期望、教育模式等5个方面进行障碍性因素分析,寻找解决促进农林高校大学生服务农村基层的对策。     

低碳城镇化对就业的促进作用及保障体系构建

增强人的生存和发展能力,促进人的全面发展是以人为核心的中国新型城镇化建设的终极目标,实现这个目标的前提就是要保障和实现充分就业。低碳城镇化是新型城镇化的重要内容和必由之路,低碳城镇化对就业的保障应该更具公平性并且按照就近原则来推进。文章认为,在低碳城镇化建设过程中,要促进就业增长和提升就业质量,必须优化产业布局、产业结构与发展模式,扩大就业空间;建立健全劳动力教育培训制度,培养适应低碳产业发展需求的劳动者,提高劳动者就业竞争力;推进城乡劳动力市场一体化建设,提高人力资源利用效率,增强社会就业公平性。     

Identifying employment-creating sectors in South Africa: the role of services industries

This paper explores scenarios for employment creation, with an emphasis on services. It considers whether the government's current policies for the formal services sector will achieve its 2014 target of halving unemployment. New employment has mainly been found in the formal and non-formal services, and future employment will probably come from such sectors as business services, trade, finance and tourism. As at 2004, about 480 000 new jobs were needed annually to halve unemployment from 26.2 per cent to 13 per cent by 2014. This would require at least twice the average annual job creation since 1994. Two scenarios are considered: the first under current conditions with similar rates of growth; the second with substantial improvements in policy, especially the promotion of trade in services. The first scenario leaves the economy with the same rate of unemployment in 2014. The second sees a reduction in unemployment of 20 per cent.     

农民工返乡创业对新农村建设的影响——从产业发展角度

由于金融危机等原因造成大量农民工返乡,能否妥善解决返乡农民工就业,直接关系到我国社会经济稳定的大局。本文从新农村建设的产业发展角度,论证了农民工返乡创业为新农村建设提供了新的产业支撑,并从政策鼓励、利益驱动、创业培训方面给出可行性建议。     

广西旅游业就业效应研究

文章通过对广西旅游就业进行分析发现,广西的旅游部门不仅能吸纳相当比例的新增劳动力,而且还能吸纳其他行业转移的劳动力;旅游特征产业对劳动力具有很强的吸纳作用;旅游就业规模地区差异明显,呈向旅游中心地区聚集态势;从整体上看,各旅游特征产业每获得1万元的增加值,就能带动全社会9.5281人就业。     

和谐就业影响因素及对策分析

和谐就业是随着和谐社会的建设而在近几年出现的新概念,它是和谐社会建设的基础,是科学发展观的重要体现。我国目前不和谐就业现象主要体现在劳动者就业造成困难、劳动者权益得不到保护、劳动者的幸福感降低等方面;主要原因在于就业总量上供大于求,结构性矛盾突出、就业法律法规不完善以及劳动者的才能不能尽情发挥;为此我们应以科学发展观为指导思想,保持国民经济持续增长和结构调整、加强法制化建设以及完善和谐就业服务体系等方面进行进一步努力。     

乡村旅游对农民增收、就业实证研究

对乡村旅游促进农村经济和就业,学术界缺乏定量研究,致使人们无法准确认识乡村旅游的作用与价值。文章利用浙江省三个不同类型乡村旅游点的社会调查资料,运用回归分析法,探讨乡村旅游对农民收入增加、农村就业的比例以及乡村旅游收入与从业人数之间的关系。结果表明：在乡村旅游发展时期,可以促进农民增收12．17％,提高农村就业率13．26％,对新农村建设和城乡一体化发展有重要的现实意义。     

eminar教学法在本科生思想政治教育中的应用研究

笔者以学风建设、和谐校园建设和就业创业为主题,以低年级学生为主体,以学生工作者为指导教师,采用Seminar教育形式培养学生素质,希望这一新的教育方式在本科素质教育中得到广泛的发展和推广。     

The Origins and Early Impact of the Minimum Wage in Agriculture

This article examines the effects on wages and employment of the minimum wage in agriculture during the interwar period. It finds that the impact of regulation was to raise the wage for agricultural labourers by 13 per cent when it was (re)introduced in 1924, by 15 per cent in the late 1920s, and by more than 20 per cent in the 1930s. The effect on farm employment was to reduce it by about 54,000 (6.5 per cent) in 1929 up to a peak of 97,000 (13.3 per cent) in 1937. The minimum wage lifted out of poverty many families of farm labourers who remained employed, but it significantly lowered the incomes of farmers, particularly during the 1930s.     

新农村建设中农村剩余劳动力转移就业的路径

农村剩余劳动力转移基于就业机会带来的收入增长,但目前面临的困境制约着转移大军就业机会的获得。农村剩余劳动力和就业机会之间的均衡应是工业化与第三产业的发展,包括大力建设新农村,发展农村现代化,而不是一味地向城市转移或者表面城镇化。当务之急是发展农村教育,提高农民素质,提高人力资本含量,增强就业机会的主动创造能力,实现农民从贫困落后向现代生活方式与观念转变的文明转型。     

Do higher minimum wages harm minority and inner-city teens?

Conclusion The recent proposal to increase the federal minimum wage from $5.15 to $6.15 per hour has opened a new debate among scholars and policymakers. We believe that the effects of minimum wage on school and work decision of teens should play a more central role in this deabte, which has traditionally focused mostly on employment effects.     

Does antidumping stimulate FDI? Evidence from Japanese firms in the UK

Does Antidumping Stimulate FDI? Evidence from Japanese Firms in the UK. — This paper explores which factors influence the number of Japanese firms in the UK and the level of employment and fixed assets in those firms, at a highly disaggregated sector level. We are interested in whether trade policy has had a role to play in the entry and expansion of Japanese firms. The results give some support to the hypothesis that antidumping action has acted as an incentive for Japanese direct investment in the UK. However, it has a relatively modest effect —antidumping cases can explain a maximum of 8 per cent of the expansion in employment by existing Japanese firms in the UK, while they appear to have no influence on the arrival of new firms.     

论会计"创建思维"教育模式的建立

加入WTO将会使我国的会计领域受到很大的冲击。会计教育显得至关重要。如何使会计适应多变的市场竞争，关键在于会计人才本身的“创建思维”的建立。改变理论引导；改善教育环境；完善教育实践环节；推出新的人才就业制度。     

The Influence of Government Policies on Informal Labor: Implications for Long-Run Growth

Using cross-sectional data from industrialized and developing economies, we examine long-run growth regressions linking government policies, informal employment and real GDP per worker. We find that changes in government policies of taxation and enforcement significantly affect growth in the informal sector. Further, we show that increases (decreases) in informal employment significantly and negatively (positively) affect a country's growth rate of real GDP per worker. The empirical link between government policies, informal employment and real GDP per worker holds irrespective of a country's development. On average, changes in government policies, through their effect on the size of the informal sector, account for 6 percent of the growth rate of real GDP per worker between 1960 and 1990.     

桂林理工大学“青年就业见习基地”现状与对策

高校共青团开展"青年就业见习基地"建设为大学生开拓了更为广阔的就业市场,因此,积极推进"青年就业见习基地"的规范化建设,了解企业、学生在就业见习基地建设过程中的现状,分析共青团组织在基地建设过程中的得失,缓解社会的就业压力具有十分重要的意义。     

The wages and employment of female day‐labourers in English agriculture, 1740–18501

Using a new sample of farm accounts from 84 farms throughout England, this article provides measures of regional variation and changes over time in female wages and employment in agriculture. Female wages were not fixed, but changed over time and responded to high demand for female labour. The female‐male wage ratio fell between 1750 and 1850, except in the industrial north west. In 1851 approximately 19 per cent of agricultural day‐labourers were female. In the industrial north west, opportunities for factory employment reduced the supply of females to agriculture, but elsewhere the relative demand for female labour in agriculture declined.     

多元主体下创业平台与服务体系构建协作研究

当前,促进以创业带动就业日益成为社会共识,建设创新型国家的时代要求呼唤青年创业,创业政策环境的日益改善为青年创业铺设了更大空间和广阔舞台。对大学生进行创业教育是时代赋予高校一项新的教育功能,本文根据当前高校大学生就业形势,分析了创业教育存在的不足,阐明了实施创业教育及创业服务体系构建的必要性,并就多元主体的社会功能进行了探讨,为教育改革实践提供了有益的探索。     

Impacts of new universities on hosting cities and the implications for Kimberley,Northern Cape,South Africa

This research investigated the impact of the establishment of a new university on hosting cities by reviewing the literature on such impacts. The aim of the article is to establish the likely impact of a new university (Sol Plaatjie University) to be established in the city of Kimberley during 2014. The study found that generally a university could impact its hosting city in terms of its local economy, employment, human capital, social character and real-estate market. Given the current characteristics and demographic profile of Kimberley, it is likely that positive impacts of a new university in Kimberley would include increased spending capacity in the local economy and short-term employment gains during construction of the university infrastructure. The proposed university could, however, exacerbate the existing pressure on the rental market in Kimberley and encourage the out-migration of specific skilled professionals. The research concludes with a number of steps to be taken by a hosting city that could contribute to strengthening a university's role as an anchor for urban development.     

“稳就业”还是“毁就业”？ 数字经济对农民工高质量就业的影响

在"数字中国"和"就业优先"战略背景下,数字经济释放就业效能被社会寄予诸多厚望,但其在理论文献上缺乏直接的经验证据。文章利用2017年中国流动人口动态监测调查数据和278个城市数据的匹配数据,采用腾讯研究院发布的"互联网+数字经济指数"对数字经济进行测度,考察了数字经济对农民工高质量就业的影响。研究发现,数字经济对农民工高质量就业具有显著的正向影响。为克服实证模型的内生性问题,文章选取历史数据作为工具变量,所得结果依然支持数字经济对农民工高质量就业的正向效应。基于广义倾向得分匹配法分析发现,数字经济尽管正向影响农民工高质量就业,但在影响效应上却呈现"先上升后下降"的"倒U型",当数字经济为中等发展水平时,农民工高质量就业的边际效应达到最佳。这意味着今后以数字经济为抓手推动农民工高质量就业需遵从"适度"原则,需谨防过度数字化带来的"就业无效"和"就业低效"问题。进一步异质性分析发现,数字经济对"新生代"、"高技能"、从事制造业、交通运输业和居民服务业的农民工就业质量促进作用更明显。本研究为目前国家倡导"大力发展数字经济,促进就业提质扩面"提供了实证支撑,结论对推动农民工高质量就业具有重要政策启示。