外商直接投资的溢出效应研究——基于江苏省制造业行业的分析

本文利用江苏省2001-2007年制造业分行业的数据,对外国直接投资的后向和前向溢出效应进行了实证检验分析。结果表明,在样本期间内,外国直接投资的水平溢出效应和后向溢出效应均为负,而前向溢出效应则为正,说明江苏省制造业中内资企业主要从FDI前向溢出效应中受益,而从水平效应方向来看,外资企业的进入带来的竞争的负面作用超过了其正面作用。     

进口贸易对我国企业生产率的影响——行业内与行业间溢出效应检验

文章使用全国制造业各行业的面板数据,实证检验了进口贸易对于内资企业生产率的水平和前向溢出效应．经分析发现,在样本期间,进口贸易对内资企业的生产率的前向溢出效应显著为正,而水平溢出效应不显著．     

外商直接投资、前后向关联与技术溢出——基于江苏制造业面板数据的经验研究

本文利用2000～2006年江苏28个制造业行业的面板数据,检验了江苏FDI通过前后向关联对内资企业产生的技术溢出效应。结果表明,整个外资制造行业以及外资高科技行业,通过前后向关联产生的溢出效应都非常显著。通过对全要素生产率的分解发现,整个外资制造行业正向溢出主要由于促进内资企业技术进步所导致,对于技术效率的溢出效应为负;外资高科技行业通过前后向关联对内资企业技术进步产生了积极的溢出,对内资制造业技术效率后向关联溢出效应为正,前向关联溢出效应为负。     

跨国并购的公司治理溢出效应研究

由于公司治理的改善可以创造额外的企业价值,而公司治理的水平国家问差异较大,跨国并购后治理水平将从高"势能"企业向低"势能"企业溢出,从而产生公司治理的正溢出效应.文章对跨国并购的公司治理溢出效应进行分析,并为我国企业在开展跨国并购活动中如何充分利用公司治理溢出效应提出了政策性建议.     

浅析FDI促进中国工业技术进步——基于24个工业面板数据的实证分析

本文在回顾已有研究的基础上,采用中国工业24个面板数据对FDI的溢出效应进行了检验,检验采用"资产总计"代表生产的资本存量,并将溢出效应进一步划分为水平溢出效应、前向溢出效应和后向溢出效应。实证结果表明,FDI并没有明显的水平溢出效应和前向溢出效应,相对而言,后向溢出效应在10%的显著性水平下是显著的,但在5%的显著性水平下仍然不显著。     

FDI技术溢出、技术进步与技术效率——基于中国制造业1999～2007年面板数据的经验研究

当跨国公司在东道国投资时,通常假定他们的一部分技术会转移至东道国的企业里。但是,经验研究还不能为这种正的溢出效应提供强有力的支持。本文运用1999～2007年中国制造业27个行业的面板数据,检验了FDI的技术溢出效应。结果表明,FDI对制造业的全要素生产率的横向和前后向关联溢出效应为正,且在统计上均非常显著。通过对全要素生产率的分解发现,前向关联对技术效率和技术进步的影响都显著为正;后向关联仅对技术进步有显著的正效应,而横向溢出效应对技术进步的影响不显著。     

制造业集聚、空间溢出与地区经济增长──基于城市面板数据的实证检验

在全国层面上,基于2002—2012年232个城市面板数据的实证检验结果表明,制造业集聚不仅可以促进本地区经济增长,而且能够通过空间溢出效应带动周边地区经济增长。东中部城市的制造业集聚都存在一定程度的区域经济增长效应和空间溢出,东部城市制造业集聚因要素成本上升等原因而使得其溢出系数小于中部;而西部城市的经济增长效应和空间溢出则不显著。这就要求合理安排我国东中西部城市层面制造业集聚的格局,从而更好地促进区域经济协调发展。     

数字化转型、技术溢出与制造业企业创新绩效

以2011～2020年中国A股上市制造业企业为研究对象，构建计量模型实证分析数字化转型对制造业企业创新绩效的影响，并考察技术溢出在其中所发挥的中介效应。结果表明：数字化转型对制造业企业创新绩效具有显著提升作用，成为制造业企业提升创新绩效的新动能。数字化转型对制造业企业创新绩效的提升作用存在地区异质性、产权异质性及行业异质性，主要表现为在东部地区制造业企业、非国有制造业企业与高技术制造业中更显著。中介效应机制检验结果显示：数字化转型可通过技术溢出积累创新知识，进而提升制造业企业创新绩效。鉴于此，应夯实数字化转型基础，优化数字营商环境，降低技术溢出门槛，充分释放数字化技术创新效应，推动制造业高质量发展。     

交通基础设施、空间溢出与制造业地理集聚——基于省级分行业面板数据分析

交通运输对于制造业企业区位的影响随产业不同而变化,这主要取决于运输成本在具体产业中的重要程度。根据企业外向度和轻、重工业两个指标将制造业细分,采用1999—2014年中国省级面板数据,研究中国交通基础设施对制造业地理集聚的直接影响及其空间溢出效应,结果发现:本地交通基础设施改善对制造业集聚有显著的影响,但这种影响存在明显的行业差异;外地交通基础设施的改善对本地制造业集聚有负的溢出效应,但影响程度随产业的不同而变化;在影响产业集聚的其他因素中,技术创新和政府干预程度影响较大,同时经济地理因素也起着重要作用。     

FDI技术溢出途径下的溢出拦截机理及对策北大核心

基于FDI技术溢出途径和机制,立足于技术属性的视角,从技术复杂性、技术隐性、技术成熟度和政策因素四个维度,探索了不同技术溢出途径和机制的影响因素,并审视了跨国公司可能作出的反应。研究表明:开放市场与提高学习能力应统筹兼顾。传统制造业主要以低成本嵌入发达国家采购商主导的全球价值链。在高新技术产业中,政府应支持和鼓励其本土跨国公司,尤其是民营性质的跨国公司与国外大型采购商、主导企业合作与联系。对FDI所进入的行业进行评估,以免形成外资垄断。运用上述研究成果,文章对我国种业和汽车业FDI技术溢出效应的机理进行了实证检验。     

国内投入、中间进口与FDI垂直溢出——基于非竞争型投入产出表的实证研究

本文通过将FDI垂直溢出进行分解,并考虑投入产出效率的动态变化,检验了中国FDI溢出效应。结果表明:不存在线性水平溢出,但不排除非线性的可能性;不存在倒U形的技术溢出特征,外企通过购买国内投入而产生的后向溢出是最重要的技术溢出渠道,且对产出的影响成非线性,而外企通过购买中间进口而产生的后向溢出则可能存在门槛效应;外企通过提供中间进口而产生的前向溢出是否存在并不确定,由线性溢出回归可知外企通过提供国内投入而产生的前向溢出为负。     

Explaining Firms’ Export Behaviour: R&D,Spillovers and the Destination Market*

We examine the importance of a firm's own R&D activity and intra‐sectoral spillovers on the decision to export and the export intensity using firm level panel data for Spain for the period 1990–98. Own R&D activity is found to be an important determinant of export activity. There is little evidence to suggest that Spanish firms benefit from spillovers of the exporting activity of others. However, there is evidence that R&D spillovers exert positive effects on firms’ export ratios. We find a larger marginal impact of R&D spillovers on export intensity of firms exporting to other OECD countries than those exporting to non‐OECD nations.     

Identifying the impact of geographical proximity on spillover effect of FDI: The evidence from Indian local firms’ performance gains

This paper investigates the role of geographical proximity on FDI spillovers from foreign to Indian local firms. We use data set of the manufacturing firms between 1988 and 2018 in India, estimating the productivity based on Cobb–Douglas production function. For measuring geographical proximity, the coordinates of each firm, represented to as ‘latitude and longitude’, provided by Google maps geocoding API is used. To conduct spatial analysis, we adopted the revised ‘SINM’ (Spatial Industrial Network Model)’ with GMM estimator, and used firm based point spatial unit. The analysis, in particular, reveals that within 30 km–70 km distance the presence of FDI creates significant positive backward and negative horizontal spillovers, but gradually decaying as threshold increases. Meanwhile, the negative horizontal spillovers to Indian local firms located within industrial clusters turned to positive, and the positive backward spillovers more magnifies compared to non-clustered firms. Based on these findings, we suggested the several policy implications regarding the development of industrial cluster, FDI promotion policy, and location decision for foreign investors.     

Imputed Interindustry Technology Flows - A Comparative SMFA Analysis

This paper shows how the pattern of an interindustry R&D flow system can be detected using a Subsystem-MFA (SMFA). The standard subsystem analysis shows the innovation spillovers of the relevant innovative sectors of a country, which are then turned into graphical form so that the sector clustering into this system can be displayed like a 'molecule' of sectors. The analysis uses the recently published input-output tables of the OECD for Germany, Japan and the United States for the beginning, the middle and the end of the 1980s. The analysis uses R&D-expenditures as an innovation-indicatorvector, published also by the OECD. The results show that there are specific patterns of interindustry imputed R&D flows that differ to some extent between the given countries. These differences can be interpreted as being due to the specific economic history of these countries.     

The weak linkages between processing exports and the internal economy. The Mexican case

The aim of this paper is to show the internal linkages of manufacturing exports and the rest of the economy. We take the Mexican economy as the case of study. Manufacturing exports constitute the most of exports and processing exports (maquiladora) represent an important part of them. We consider the indirect domestic value added contained in Mexican manufacturing exports, dividing them into exports from the internal economy and the maquiladora industry. We show that the internal backward linkages of exports are weak, that only a few sectors produce inputs for exports, and that the forward linkages are weak too because the Mexican maquiladora industry assembles imported parts and components into final goods for export. The actual picture is quite different from that presented by Hirschman [(1958) The Strategy of Economic Development. New Haven, Yale University Press], who argued that the manufacturing sector plays a key role to promote economic growth because of its dense forward and backward internal linkages.     

Productivity Spillovers Across Countries and Industries: New Evidence From OECD Countries

This paper uses a translog approach to estimate intra‐ and inter‐industry productivity spillovers transmitted through input–output linkages, distinguishing R&D and other (remainder) spillovers. For a panel of 12 OECD countries and 15 manufacturing industries from 1995–2005, first, we find that the estimated elasticity with respect to ‘own’ R&D amounts to 0.25 on average (which would be estimated to be lower if R&D were assumed to be additively separable from other inputs). Second, there are sizeable intra‐industry and relatively small inter‐industry R&D spillovers. Third, there are significant remainder spillovers, which are mainly of the intra‐industry type and substantially amplify idiosyncratic technology shocks.     

Foreign Direct Investment and Managerial Knowledge Spillovers through the Diffusion of Management Practices

Although managerial knowledge spillovers have long been claimed to be a major benefit of foreign direct investment (FDI), such spillovers have not yet been systematically analysed. This paper adds to the literature by analysing the nature and extent of managerial knowledge spillovers from FDI through the diffusion of management practices. Taking into account the tacit and explicit elements of management practices and distinguishing between industry and non‐industry specific practices, the paper identifies different types of spillovers and discusses their transmission mechanisms. Evidence from establishment‐level panel data from the UK attests to the existence and significance of intra‐industry, linkage, and non‐linkage based inter‐industry spillovers of managerial knowledge from foreign to local firms, although the strength varies for different types of practices. The spillovers are geographically localized, especially in channels without supply chain linkages. Local firms are selective in the adoption of individual practices and the spillover effects are more significant at the cluster and management system level. Reverse spillovers from local firms to MNEs from industrialized countries appear to be limited despite significant spillovers of practices amongst local firms.     

国际垂直专业化的测量及差异分析

根据Hummels et al.Hummels al.(2001)的国际垂直专业化指数,采用中国的投入产出表,从承接国(或地区)视角,测量中国27个工业行业1997-20111997 2011年的国际垂直专业化程度,并借鉴北京大学中国经济研究中心课题组(2006)的方法,测算中国与OECD国家和非OECD国家(或地区)的国际垂直专业化程度。研究结果表明:加入WTO后,中国的国际垂直专业化程度上升较快,分行业来看,资本密集型行业(包括技术密集型行业)的国际垂直专业化程度得到较快提升,而劳动密集型行业的国际垂直专业化程度较低;分伙伴国(或地区)来看,中国与OECD国家的垂直专业化程度更高,主要是高技术密集型行业,但是中国与非OECD国家(或地区)各行业的垂直专业化程度上涨幅度较大,尤其是资本密集型行业。     

Inefficiency Spillovers in Five OECD Countries: An Interindustry Analysis

Empirical studies have widely demonstrated that real-world activities are rarely on their production frontier. Hence, an obvious concern arises towards the detection of inefficiencies affecting sectoral performances. The current literature and practice have widely explored the sources of inefficiency internal to decision-making units. This paper argues that a major role is played by external effects due to inefficiency spillovers propagating through interindustry transactions. In order to take this mechanism into account, the paper suggests assessing sectoral performances by a system approach that makes use of shadow prices of intermediate inputs. Our approach is able to disentangle sectoral inefficiencies into internal sectoral inefficiencies and inefficiencies imported from other sectors. The latter component is due to inefficiency spillovers that appear to be empirically relevant in all sectors of five OECD countries.     

中国文化产品贸易流量及出口潜力测算——基于引力模型的实证分析

本文以1992²010年间中国与26个国家(地区)的双边文化贸易数据为样本,利用引力模型实证分析了中国文化产品贸易流量的影响因素及出口潜力。研究结果表明:中国的经济规模、进口国的经济规模、人均GDP、贸易开放度以及优惠贸易安排对中国文化产品出口有明显的促进作用;空间距离、文化距离与中国文化产品的出口规模负相关。文化距离的影响远大于空间距离的影响,加强对外文化沟通,克服"文化折扣"现象,对促进中国文化产品的出口至关重要。在26个样本中,中国只与7个国家(地区)的文化贸易存在"贸易过度",与其他19个国家(地区)的文化贸易存在"贸易不足",中国文化产品具有较大的出口潜力,但需针对性地开展文化贸易。