Silence and Voice in Nigeria's Hybrid Urban Water Markets: Implications for Local Governance of Public Goods

This article highlights how the governance of the water sector affects the strategies and tactics urban residents use to gain improved access to water for household consumption in cities with limited networked infrastructure. A framework of exit, voice and loyalty (EVL) is used to characterize the actions household decision makers take in neighborhoods across metropolitan areas. In Nigeria, Lagos and Benin City are rapidly growing metropolitan regions with urban water markets competing with a state‐run utility. Scholars have documented informality and hybridity between state and non‐state actors, but there is less understanding of variables associated with citizen behavior in urban water markets across different types of households and communities. This article places Nigeria in the context of African mobilization around water provision, using interviews, observation and findings from fieldwork, household interviews and surveys undertaken between 2008 and 2015 to show how access to water is shaped by the interplay between state and non‐state sources of water. This access is filtered through differently regulated service providers and the perceived authority of each actor involved in water delivery, which can lead to what I call structural silence. Findings show the need for a grounded understanding of factors influencing voice and participation in local governance.     

谈房地产基建项目的工程造价控制与管理

本文主要对房地产的基建项目做了简单的介绍,旨在强调基建项目的建设的重要性。工程造价的控制与管理作为基建项目的重要内容,其造价的控制是否合理,管理工作是否规范,对基础项目的建设水平、工程的质量以及最后的投资效益,都起着重要的影响。因此,抓好房地产基建项目的工程造价控制与管理的工作,具有非常重要的意义。     

Recovering Sociology from the Trash Heap: Of Waste Politics and the Spatialization of Local Representation in Lagos

This article excavates the debate that unfolded during the 1980s between Jacques Rancière and Pierre Bourdieu to shed light on the theoretical divide that still cuts across the field of urban studies today. Looking at contemporary Rancièrian scholarship through a Bourdieusian lens, it points to their main theoretical shortcomings and reasserts the value of relational, field‐based and empirically grounded approaches to urban politics. At the same time, this article engages seriously Rancière's critique of Bourdieu's failure to account for space in order to question the territoriality inherent to the notion of field. We put this theoretical discussion to the test of Lagos's garbage. Drawing on an ethnographic study conducted in Lagos from 2015 to 2016, we propose analyzing the process of spatialization of the field of local representation by looking at the ways solid waste—here conceived as a political opportunity—is mobilized by different actors. We argue that the deployment of a waste infrastructure in Lagos is congruent with a relative disinvestment in practices of territorial control that reshapes the structure of local representation, reconfiguring the ‘stage’ on which politics is played out in the Nigerian metropolis.     

高校基建工程材料供应模式研究

工程材料可由建设单位或施工单位采购供应,并由此形成了不同的材料供应模式。好的材料供应模式,适合于工程实际情况,可以很好的保证工程质量,合理节约工程造价,便于工程施工管理。因此,工程材料的供应模式成为建设各方关注和关心的重要内容。如何确定工程材料供应模式,也是摆在高等学校基建管理者面前的重要问题。     

对水利工程建设监理工作的研究

水利工程建设是我国的一项基础建设,具有保障国家粮食安全的重要作用。通过提高对实施项目建设监理工作的认识,提高承包商对监理工作的理解、支持和配合,提高工程建设各方的法律法规意识、确保合同顺利实施三个方面做好监理工作。     

探析高校基建工程超投资的原因及对策

在高校基本建设的过程中,工程投资预算是保证高校财务科学化管理的重要途径。由于国家财政计划在教育的投入政策规定,大部分的高校需要通过银行贷款获得工程建设的资金。这种情况下尤其需要工程投资的规范化、科学化管理,对工程投资进行严格的控制,将国家投入的资金、通过银行获取的贷款等切实用于高校教育事业的发展,提高工程投资的效益。本文在分析高校基建工程超投资原因的基础上,提出了高校基建工程投资控制的措施。     

Futures of Crisis,Futures of Urban Political Theory: Flooding in Asian Coastal Megacities

Coastal megacities across Asia have experienced devastating floods in recent years. Studies project dramatic increases in populations prone to chronic flooding and potential permanent inundation of densely populated urban areas in future decades. The uncertainties presented by future flood risks disrupt prevalent state visions of globalization‐driven prosperity. The emerging reality of a shift in relationship between water and urban settlements has begun driving recalibration of power relations around a range of issues, including longstanding contestations over infrastructure delivery, housing, land rights and political representation. Flood mitigation efforts have played out in debates over displacement and eviction, and distributional concerns about the costs and benefits of these initiatives. This article develops a conceptual framework for assessing the implications of projections of flood risk for urban political theory. The article begins by identifying political contestations that emerge around the varied ways water intersects with urban processes—through dynamics of permeability, flow and drainage, aquifers and pipes, and coastal defense. It then explores how projections of the crisis of flooding have reshaped three contemporary debates in urban politics: those around property rights and the question of ‘informality’; around neoliberalization and financialization; and around the rescaling of the state. Finally, it briefly deploys this framework to examine the case of Jakarta.