知识型员工绩效的影响因素研究——基于货币激励方式与团队氛围的双重视角

本文通过实验研究的方法,研究了货币激励与团队氛围对知识型员工绩效的影响,并分析了内部动机在上述两组关系中的影响作用。研究结果表明:从货币激励的角度来看,货币激励并不一定会提高知识型员工的绩效,和固定工资相比,与绩效挂钩的薪酬有时反而不利于工作业绩的提高。从团队氛围角度来看,被试者感受到的团队氛围越浓厚,越有利于带来更高的绩效。进一步研究发现,任务绩效会随内部动机的提高而提高,并且,货币激励与团队氛围均会通过影响内部动机进而影响任务绩效。因此,当货币激励对知识型员工绩效产生负效应时,可以通过营造较好的团队氛围提高员工的内部动机进而提高其绩效水平,这为提高员工绩效提供了除货币激励外一种新的方法途径。     

In search for yield? Survey-based evidence on bank risk taking

Monetary policy can have an impact on economic and financial stability through the risk taking of banks. Falling interest rates might induce investment into risky activities. This paper provides evidence on the link between monetary policy and bank risk taking. We use a factor-augmented vector autoregressive model (FAVAR) for the US for the period 1997–2008. Besides standard macroeconomic indicators, we include factors summarizing information provided in the Federal Reserve’s Survey of Terms of Business Lending (STBL). These data provide information on banks׳ new loans as well as interest rates for different loan risk categories and different banking groups. We identify a risk-taking channel of monetary policy by distinguishing responses to monetary policy shocks across different types of banks and different loan risk categories. Following an expansionary monetary policy shock, small domestic banks increase their exposure to risk. Large domestic banks do not change their risk exposure. Foreign banks take on more risk only in the mid-2000s, when interest rates were ‘too low for too long’.     

Publication bias in the German social sciences: an application of the caliper test to three top-tier German social science journals

Systematic research reviews have become essential in all empirical sciences. However, the validity of research syntheses is threatened if the preparation, submission or publication of research findings depends on the statistical significance of these findings. The present study investigates publication bias in three top-tier journals in the German social sciences, utilizing the caliper test. For the period between 2001 and 2010, we have collected 156 articles that appeared in the Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie (KZfSS), the Zeitschrift für Soziologie (ZfS) and the Politische Vierteljahresschrift (PVS). In all three journals, we found empirical evidence for the existence of publication bias at the 10 % significance level. We also investigated possible causes linked to this bias, including single versus multiple authorship as well as academic degree. We found only weak support for the relationships between individual author characteristics and publication bias.     

Leaning into the Wind: A Structural VAR Investigation of UK Monetary Policy*

This paper adapts Uhlig's [Journal of Monetary Economics (2005) forthcoming] sign restriction identification methodology to investigate the effects of UK monetary policy using a structural vector autoregression (VAR). It shows that shocks which can reasonably be described as monetary policy shocks have played only a small role in the total variation of UK monetary and macroeconomic variables. Most of the variation in UK monetary variables has been due to their systematic reaction to other macroeconomic shocks, namely non‐monetary aggregate demand, aggregate supply, and oil price shocks. We also find, without imposing any long run identifying restrictions, that aggregate supply shocks have permanent effects on output.     

The monetary policy strategy of the Bank of England in 2020–21: An assessment

Excessive money creation during the Covid pandemic has resulted in Britain's worst episode of inflation since 1990–91. The backdrop to this failure of monetary policy is the Bank of England's aggregate demand/aggregate supply framework together with the Monetary Policy Committee's neglect of broad money. An alternative way to operate monetary policy is urgently needed. A significantly improved monetary policy outcome could be achieved by shifting from trying to steer the economy using interest rates and quantitative easing or quantitative tightening to reliance on the relative stability of income velocity (the ratio of nominal GDP to broad money) as a means of managing aggregate demand.     

企业集团货币资金最佳持有量的确定及其量化管理策略探析

货币资金在集团企业的实物资产中占据非常重要地位。加强货币资金管理对保障企业集团的正常经济运作和提高经济效益意义重大。要确定企业集团货币资金的最佳持有量,并在其基础上量化货币资金的管理,才能使企业集团货币资金控制真正落到实处。     

The challenge of recruiting control groups. An experiment of different recruitment models in the control group of a clinical psychological postal survey

Recruitment of a large and reliable control group is a challenge in psychological survey based research. The effect of recruitment styles and age on response-rate, data quality, and individual differences were investigated in a control group for a postal survey of elderly bereaved people. This study was a direct reaction to the first recruitment attempt that had a 10% response rate. This study consisted of four groups of randomly selected elderly married people (65–81 years) receiving a postal questionnaire measuring depression, social support, coping style, adult attachment, life satisfaction, and personality factors. All groups were exposed to a set of general initiatives (customized introduction letter with university letterhead; self-addressed, prepaid envelope included; personally directed letter signed by the researcher; an assurance of confidentiality). Three groups were exposed to different specific initiatives (short non-sensitive questionnaire, recorded response, and monetary incentive independent of response) to increase the response-rate. The results indicated that general initiatives and information letters apparently increased the response-rate from 10 to 31%. Monetary incentive had the highest response-rate (51%), good data quality, and no sampling bias in individual differences. This method can be highly recommended in future control group recruitment.     

高管激励、非效率投资与公司业绩

从代理理论出发,以2001--2010年A股上市公司的数据为研究样本检验高管激励方式、非效率投资与公司业绩之间关系,研究结果表明：显性激励和隐性激励对于投资效率和公司业绩的影响是不同的,显性激励能够通过提升投资效率来改善公司业绩,而隐性激励则没有这样的作用;在不同所有制样本中,隐性激励对国有企业影响更大,而显性激励对非国有企业影响更大。     

企业货币资金内部控制分析--A企业一亿存款丢失案案例分析

货币资金是企业资产的重要组成部分。货币资金对企业的健康经营和发展十分重要,因此企业货币资金的内部控制管理对货币资金的安全性、流动性和收益性本就有着至关重要的意义。近年来,白酒行业新兴起了一种“存款销酒”的销售模式,该销售模式又对白酒企业的货币资金内部控制提出了更高的要求。本文以A企业采用该种销售模式导致一亿元银行存款丢失事件为案例,通过分析A企业货币资金内部控制要素,评价其在货币资金内部控制中存在的缺陷,提出企业加强货币资金内部控制的策略。     

Video-sharing platform's optimal monetary incentive decisions considering motivation crowding-out effect

Considering the motivation crowding-out effect of monetary incentives, a game-theoretic model is built to examine a video-sharing platform's optimal incentive decisions. Results show that offering monetary incentives to contributors does not ensure an improvement in video quality nor an increase in the platform's profit. We identify four ideal market conditions for the platform to offer monetary incentives. We find that though the motivation crowding-out effect seems to undermine the effectiveness of monetary incentives, the ideal market conditions for offering monetary incentives do not always require this effect to be very weak; sometimes it even has to be medium.     

Incenting managers toward the triple bottom line: An agency and social norm perspective

Research to date has identified CEO pay structure as an important factor in the environmental and social performance of the organization but has not considered how pay may influence these sustainability efforts at the middle‐management level. We address this void with an experimental manipulation of direct and indirect pay incentives for an environmental sustainability project and production cost savings project. Counter to our predictions, investment in sustainability versus cost savings is significantly lower when incentives for both projects are equivalent, and investment is only comparable when incentives for the sustainability project are superior. Further investigation using qualitative data attributes this to differences in the salient social norms that individuals hold and an apparent undervaluing of the indirect incentive derived through sustainability's contribution to cost savings. The results shed light on primary ways in which human resource management practices may be used to embed support for sustainability initiatives throughout the organization.     

Dynamic Spatial Monopoly with Product Development

Abstract

The optimal R&D investment in product innovation of a profit-seeking monopolist is characterized vs that of a social planner in a spatial market with transportation disutility, under full market coverage. It is shown that the planner's incentive to innovate is always weaker than the monopolist's, since the planner trades off the minimization of the social cost of transportation against the cost of R&D.     

MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICIES INTERACTION IN MONETARY UNIONS

In this paper, the literature on the interaction between monetary and fiscal policies in a monetary union is surveyed. By adopting the concept of symbiosis as a starting point, the paper highlights the importance of uncertainty, policy makers' preferences and targets. Then, the role of commitment to policy rules and coordination is addressed. The analysis also focuses on the importance of the data considered for the generation of the policy mix. As a final step, the paper discusses the main results in the literature on public debt management in a monetary union. All the reported theoretical results are then adopted to retrieve policy and institutional implications for the European Monetary Union.     

Does Targeted Monetary Policy Matter? A Perspective from China

Several major central banks have experimented with targeted monetary policy to improve credit resource allocation. This policy only applies to ‘eligible’ banks. For example, The People's Bank of China conducted seven targeted reductions of reserve requirements during 2014–15. This article documents the phenomenon of targeted monetary policy and evaluates its effects. The results show that, in the case of China, this policy has generated an extra significant, positive return on the stocks of eligible banks, amounting to 1.2–1.3 per cent in a four‐day treatment period. This substantial return gives commercial banks an extra incentive to align with the policy goals of central banks.     

A LITERATURE SURVEY ON PROPOSED AFRICAN MONETARY UNIONS

This study provides a survey of recent advances in the literature on proposed African monetary unions. The survey comprises about 70 empirical papers published during the past 15 years. Four main strands are discussed individually and collectively. They comprise the proposed: (i) West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ), (ii) East African Monetary Union (EAMU), (iii) Southern African Monetary Union (SAMU) and (iv) African Monetary Union (AMU). We observe a number of issues with establishing the feasibility and/or desirability of potential monetary unions, inter alia, they are variations in: choice of variables, empirical strategies, sampled countries and considered periodicities. We address this ambiguity by reviewing studies with scenarios that are consistent with Hegelian dialectics and establish selective expansion as the predominant mode of monetary integration. Some proponents make cases for strong pegs and institutions as viable alternatives to currency unions. Using cluster analysis, disaggregating panels into sub-samples and distinguishing shocks from responses in the examination of business cycle synchronisation provide more subtle policy implications. We caution that for inquiries using the same theoretical underpinnings, variables and methods just by modifying the scope/context and periodicity may only contribute to increasing the number of conflicting findings. Authors should place more emphasis on new perspectives and approaches based on caveats of, and lessons from the European Monetary Union (EMU) and CFA zones.     

Supplier incentives and resource constraints under uncertainty

Procurement in environments of cost uncertainty and asymmetric information require special arrangements such as the linear incentive contract. Usually the buyer is motivated to make investments that can relieve temporary supplier resource constraints during the procurement. Special problems arise, however, due to interactions between investments in suppliers and the risk-incentive trade-off achieved by the incentive contract. A cost signaling model is proposed to overcome these problems, where a supplier offers an equity share in the profit from the incentive contract to the buyer in return for a priori investment. The equity share signals the supplier's private cost information, and forms the basis for the buyer's investment decision. Under equilibrium the buyer can expect to recover the entire amount provided to the supplier through his or her share of the profit.     

Rankings von Zeitschriften und Personen in der BWL

Rankings are of increasing importance in academia, but they are also criticised. In this article only research rankings are analysed, sorting either academic journals or academic authors publishing therein. Business administration and management is used as an example, whereas the analysis could be used for most social and other sciences. In business administration VHB-JOURQUAL 2 is a current example of a journal ranking, whereas the Handelsblatt ranking of management researchers is a recent ranking of persons. As an alternative to the latter one a citation-based ranking of researchers is developed and presented that possesses some advantages, especially in regard of evaluating individual academic performance, but exhibits some specific problems, too.     

人力资本与经济增长关系研究——教育投资对经济增长的贡献自上市公司的经验证据

知识经济时代经济增长所依靠的已不仅是货币资本,更重要的是人力资本,货币资本的获得和财富的积累都是由人力资本推动的。人力资本是现代经济增长与发展的源泉和动力,增加人力资本投资,提高人力资源质量,已成为促进经济发展的重要手段。从我国经济增长的影响因素看,人力资本作为生产要素对经济增长具有决定作用,人力资本投资对我国经济增长具有战略意义。本文对经济增长理论及人力资本理论进行了介绍,并运用实证分析方法探讨了教育投资对经济增长的贡献。     

‘Carrots for Corporate Sustainability’: Impacts of Incentive Inclusiveness and Variety on Environmental Performance

In this paper we explore the role that managerial incentives play in improving corporate environmental performance, finding that greater inclusiveness of incentive beneficiaries and greater variety of incentive types are important factors in firms' incentive schemes. Drawing on a large dataset of multinational enterprises, our results suggest that including more beneficiaries from different levels within the corporate hierarchy and offering both monetary and non‐monetary rewards are generally more likely to lead to reductions in corporate greenhouse gas emissions. Developing two principles of incentive design, inclusiveness and variety, and the conceptualization of patterns of these in organizations as configurations of incentives, our research contributes substantially to normative advice regarding the relative effectiveness of alternative systems of environmental incentives. Such an understanding of the potential of incentives is critical to informing how firms address complex problems such as sustainability in the context of increasingly extended organizational hierarchies and designs. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

Twenty‐eight years of business strategy and the environment research: A bibliometric analysis

The competitive academic climate of all the academic fields, including business strategy, puts great stress to publish. To effectively maneuver the field of business strategy and the environment, all the stakeholders, such as academicians and practitioners, must understand the current position of the theory and practice. A systematic bibliometric analysis of a top tier journal can serve this issue by providing a holistic view of the publications' trends and trajectories. This study analyzes the trend of publication in the Business Strategy and the Environment (BSE) Journal since its inception in 1992 to 2019. The study uses two procedures to analyze the bibliometric data collected from the Scopus database. First, we use different aspects such as citation and publication structure to estimate the evolution of the BSE; second, we use VOS viewer software to visualize the mapping of BSE based on co‐citation, bibliographic coupling (BC), and co‐occurrence (CC). The results show a gradual increase in the citation and publication structure of the BSE. The increase in publications and citations indicates BSE's growing stature as a key academic outlet advancing knowledge in business strategy and environmental sustainability research. This study contributes to the literature by identifying the most influential aspects of the journal, which would help researchers to understand the trends and focus of the BSE.