我国工业终端能源消费与合理用能浅析

针对我国工业终端能源消费总量较大的情况,对我国工业终端能源消费总量、结构及变化特点进行了分析,对我国工业增加值能耗进行了研究。通过分析工业经济内部发展及结构变化对工业终端能源消费的影响,提出尽快落实中央关于加快经济结构、工业结构、能源消费结构调整等建议,为实现工业节能提供参考。     

我国经济增长、能源消费对碳排放影响分析

改革开放以来,我国经济迅猛发展,能源消费量随之增加,二氧化碳排放量也不断增长,目前我国已成为全球第一大碳排放国,控制温室气体排放面临着很大压力.因此,从经济增长、能源消费与碳排放的关系入手,首先利用能源消费弹性系数、能源消费强度和节能率等指标分析了改革开放后我国经济增长与能源消费的关系;然后运用碳排放总量、人均碳排放量和碳排放弹性系数分析了经济增长、能源消费对碳排放的影响以及碳排放特征,最后提出了具有针对性的节能减排对策.     

推动能源生产和消费革命任重道远

党的十八大报告在“大力推进生态文明建设”的举措中提出了“推动能源生产和消费革命，控制能源消费总量”的要求，与十七届五中全会和“十二五”规划纲要表述的“推动能源生产和利用方式变革，合理控制能源消货总量”相比，由“变革”到“革命”，从“合理控制”到“控制”，透露出国家能源发展的重大变化。、作为最大的发展中国家和世界第二大经济体，从“十二五”及更长时间看，中国经济和社会发展面临严重的资源和环境约束，如何突破这个瓶颈，不通过“革命”恐怕很难。     

经济新常态下煤炭资源型城市发展问题及对策研究

针对我国经济增速回落、大力推动煤炭消费革命、宏观调控摒弃大规模的非常规刺激措施,坚持控制能源消费总量,节能优先,形成集约高效的能源消费方式,抑制不合理能源消费的经济新常态下,从经济新常态的主要特征和煤炭市场变化角度,对山西省煤矿、乡村和城镇的协调发展问题进行了分析,通过分析资源型城市系统中的煤炭企业、周边村镇和煤炭城市间的内在联系,为煤炭企业、周边村镇、煤炭城市和谐发展的新路子提出了对策与建议。     

能源革命——中国油气发展未来之路

能源消费总量大、煤炭供应和消费比重大、环境污染严重的基本形势,决定了未来我国能源发展的方向是控制总量、提高效率、优化结构、努力提高清洁能源所占比重。为此,党中央提出了推动能源革命的5点要求,指明了我国能源未来发展的路径。作者认为,新一轮能源革命是引领第三次工业革命的关键力量,也是中国实现中华民族伟大复兴梦想的战略机遇;其主要标志是新能源技术与信息技术的融合,以高效化、清洁化、低碳化、智能化为主要特征;它将以一种全新的模式代替传统的、粗放的用能模式,并给传统能源和制造业带来颠覆性的冲击。我国油气资源,尤其是非常规资源十分丰富,提高油气生产和消费比例,特别是提高天然气在一次能源中的比例符合我国能源发展方向,但关键是油气行业能否抓住能源革命带来的机遇,实现科技进步和技术革命。作者提出通过跨越、变革、复兴、转变和颠覆五大路径实现由传统油气到未来油气的发展目标。     

速览

正【资讯】"十三五"能源规划:煤炭炼油3年不上新项目"十三五"能源规划出台在即。据《经济参考报》报道,"十三五"期间我国能源消费总量计划控制在50亿吨标准煤以内,其中煤炭消费基本达到峰值,总量控制在41亿吨以内,比重降低到58%以下,而非化石能源消费比重则提高到15%以上。     

基于洁净化度的我国煤炭洁净利用思考

分析后指出随着煤炭消费的增长,环境保护压力越来越大,提高煤炭燃烧洁净化度成为煤炭高效利用的发展方向。阐述了在能源消费总量持续增加的背景下,可通过调控经济增速控制煤炭总量、优化能源结构降低煤炭总量,运用先进的发电技术、锅炉技术等节能减排技术路线,大幅度提高煤炭利用洁净化度。     

我国将考核能源消费总量控制

据国家能源局消息．我国“十二五”能源消费总量控制目标将于近期分解落实到各地政府．各地能源消费总量将受到严格控制和考核。但为体现鼓励可再生能源及能源节约的政策．各地在水电、风电、太阳能及能源综合利用方面的新增消费量在考核中将被扣除。合理控制能源消费总量可以形成有效的倒逼机制．抑制我国高耗能行业过快增长。     

风向标

正李克强:推动能源变革开工一批核电水电项目3月5日,十二届全国人大二次会议在人民大会堂开幕,李克强总理代表国务院向大会作政府工作报告。李克强总理在报告中指出,推动能源生产和消费方式变革。加大节能减排力度,控制能源消费总量,今年能源消耗强度要降低3.9%以上,二氧化硫、化学需氧量排放量都要减少     

新常态下陕西省能源消费结构研究

在能源革命和中国经济新常态的背景下,运用遗传算法和模拟退火法混合方法 (GA-SA法)预测陕西省能源消费结构,提炼了影响陕西省煤炭、石油、天然气消费量和能源消费总量的关键因素;使用1995—2016年间各因子及能源消费的可得数据,通过GA-SA法预测了基准和新常态情景下陕西省2020—2050年煤炭、石油、天然气消费量和能源消费总量及变动趋势。结果表明:新常态情景下的经济增速更有助于陕西省控制能源消费量,陕西省能源消费结构调整和优化的重点首先是天然气对煤炭的替代,其次是非化石能源对煤炭的替代;此外,陕西省需控制固定投资增长速度、提高城镇化水平、促进工业用气、加大对非化石能源的投资、调整高耗能产业,才能合理控制能源消费结构,实现陕西省的可持续发展。     

Divergent patterns of engagement in Internet standardization: Japan,Korea and China

This article analyzes the engagement of Japanese, Korean and Chinese participants in the development of Internet standards at IETF on the basis of four quantitative metrics: attendance, patenting, authorship and leadership. The results are strikingly divergent. Japanese involvement in Internet standardization began early and Japan was, for many years, second only to the U.S. in terms of IETF participation. Though Japanese participation has declined since the early 2000s, Japan remains a major contributor to IETF standardization. Korean involvement in IETF has always been significant, but below the levels of Japan and major European countries. Korean participation in IETF has also declined over the past decade, and has been dominated by one firm, Samsung. Though meaningful Chinese involvement in IETF did not begin until the mid-2000s, it has rapidly expanded in recent years. Today, China is a major player in numerous areas of Internet standardization in terms of three metrics (participation, patenting and leadership), and is rapidly gaining in terms of document authorship as well. Most of China׳s recent IETF involvement can be attributed to Huawei, though other Chinese firms have recently begun to increase their participation in the organization. Thus, contrary to some views that China׳s engagement with standardization is primarily one of indigenous innovation and “catching up”, China׳s experience with IETF demonstrates deliberate and effective engagement with a major Western standards-development organization on its own terms.     

Comparing FTTH access networks based on P2P and PMP fibre topologies

There is an ongoing discussion in the market which Next Generation Access (NGA) architecture best suits future needs and which investment and cost differences exist. The discussion can be subsumed as P2P vs. GPON, which is somewhat misleading as this article reveals. The discussion is driven by the fact that the high capital cost and the long asset life time of fibre mean that the technology choices made today will dominate the opportunities for telecommunication business of all market players, incumbents, competitors, content providers and business and residential users for many years in the future.The paper analyzes the cost and other differences between Fibre-to-the-Home (FTTH) access network architectures and their related different wholesale approaches by using the well-known and understood steady state approach applied in other NGA analyses in the past. In addition to the steady state analysis a dynamic cost evaluation is included taking into account the different investment behaviour of the FTTH architectures over time. The results describe investment and cost differences between architectures, incumbents and wholesale based competitive operators. The analysis has been performed for different geotypes (clusters) of decreasing population density in a representative European settlement structure.     

快速成形技术的应用及热点分析

基于快速成形技术的原理,展示了快速成形技术在快速模具制造、金属零件直接成形、反求工程等领域的广泛应用,总结了快速成形制造技术研究的热点,即研发新材料和新设备、提高成形精度、建立RPM的反求工程系统、建立成形技术的统一标准和扩大成形技术的应用领域。     

Whose Image is it Anyway?: Some Considerations of the Curricular Importance of Subject Image in Secondary School Design and Technology Education

This paper explores the idea that a sense of school subject image is a necessary feature of curriculum management and a potent force for change. The discussion centres on the view that all school subjects have an image and that if those intimately involved with the subject do not control the image then someone else does! In such circumstances the image is the product of past encounters and old euphemisms and is unlikely to hold the changed realities.The UK developments in Design and Technology education (the term Design and Technology is used to denote the school subject defined under this heading by the UK National Curriculum, 1995) have created something of an image problem which has interesting international parallels. Some of these problems are due to clearly discernible internal tensions and an ambiguous relationship with other subject areas.Through greater attention to subject image internal controversies might be acknowledged and resolved, relationships with other subject areas can be more meaningfully understood and practitioners can be helped to make sense of curriculum change.     

Indigenous peoples’ nutrition transition in a right to food perspective

In indigenous communities the nutrition transition characterized by a rapid westernization of diet and lifestyle is associated with rising prevalence of chronic disease. Field work and literature reviews from two different policy environments, Argentina (Jujuy) and Canada (Nunavut), identified factors that add to indigenous peoples’ disease risk. The analytical framework was the emerging human right to adequate food approach to policies and programmes. Indigenous peoples’ chronic disease risk tends to increase as a result of government policies that infringe on indigenous peoples’ livelihoods and territories, undermining their economic system, values and solidarity networks. Policies intended to increase food security, including food aid, may also fuel the nutrition transition. There is a need to explore further the connection between well-intended policies towards indigenous peoples and the development of chronic diseases, and to broaden the understanding of the role that different forms of discrimination play in the westernization of their lifestyles, values and food habits. Food policies that take due account of indigenous peoples’ human rights, including their right to enjoy their culture, may counteract the growth of chronic disease in these communities.     

HSE走进中国石油

企业管理水平的好坏直接影响着企业的经济效益,运用HSE管理能提高企业管理水平,HSE管理模式将健康,安全,环境三者视为一个有机的整体。HSE管理认为人的安全是第一位的,人是创造财富的原动力,是企业的最大财产,HSE管理体系强调的是“蝴蝶效应”。     

A strategic skill based model of supplier integration and its effect on supply management performance

Supplier integration is a tool to help organizations gain competitive advantage. Strategic supply management skills and the supply management function's perceived status are hypothesized as antecedents to supplier integration leading to supply management performance. The sample for this study includes 152 executive level supply management professionals. The empirical results suggest that strategic skills and perceived status are essential antecedents to supplier integration and subsequent performance. Further, the relationship between strategic skills and performance is mediated by supplier integration. Results of a dominance analysis also suggest which strategic skills are most likely to explain status integration, and performance. These findings have significant implications for supply management theory and practice.     

Material power and normative conflict in global and local agrifood governance: The lessons of ‘Golden Rice’ in India

This special section aims to investigate the interaction of global and local forces in shaping agrifood governance. It starts from the recognition that a multitude of actors and norms shape today’s agrifood system. The resulting opaqueness of the systems makes it extremely difficult to understand and explain processes and outcomes of agrifood governance. Given the sustainability challenges facing the agrifood system, improvements in our understanding of what the interaction of global and local actors and norms means on the ground are urgently needed, however. The section, therefore, analyses agrifood governance in India across a selected group of cases. It does so by employing a systematic framework emphasizing the material and ideational dimensions of power and their interaction. The section has chosen India as the setting in which to analyze this interaction due to the crucial role the food demand and supply of this rising power plays in today’s agrifood system. This article provides the special sections’ analytical framework, which uses the interplay of material and ideational dimensions of power as a focal lens. In addition, the article applies this framework to an empirical study of the political conflict around GMO foods in India, specifically the case of ‘Golden Rice’.     

Cost allocation of WCDMA and wholesale pricing for mVoIP and data services

This study estimates cost-based prices for wholesale voice and data services provided to 3G (WCDMA) MVNOs according to their distinct types. For estimation, 3G MVNOs are classified into different types, and the overall cost of WCDMA facilities are separated into voice and data components based on their subscriber rates, actual traffic rates, as well as efficiency consideration of traffic rates. The study then calculates cost-based wholesale prices of voice and data services for each of the 3G MVNO types. The result of this study shows that a cost-plus pricing scheme can help achieve the policy goals of the regulator, namely, lowering telecommunications tariffs and facilitating the introduction of new convergent-type services, far more effectively than the current retail-minus pricing scheme. The findings of this study may assist firms in developing business models based on 3G networks and telecom regulators in designing policies related to interconnection, mVoIP, prepaid calls, wholesale services, and network neutrality.     

Collectivism,individualism, and outgroup cooperation in a segmented China

A consistent theme in cross-cultural management research is that collectivists are more cooperative than individualists. We use Hofstede's measure for individualism–collectivism and combine it with an experimental measure of cooperation to test this relationship in China. In contrast to the established paradigm, we find that groups with higher individualistic scores are more cooperative than those groups with higher collectivistic scores. We attribute these results to groups being composed of outgroup members. In addition, we find that subjects from the more developed coastal area are more individualistic and cooperative than are subjects from inland China.