Controlling strategy through dialectical management

Controlling strategy has been portrayed as a matter of managing tensions. But what are these tensions and how do they arise in firms? In this paper, organisational strategy is represented by a target operating model that is maintained by dialectical relationships between functional areas. Using a pragmatic constructivist framework, the functional areas may be conceptualised as specialised managerial topoi. Drawing on field work in the hospitality industry, the paper employs an actor-based research methodology to show that organisational tensions may develop out of conflicts between the different goals and logics associated with the various functional areas such as marketing, sales, revenue management and finance. Although there was evidence of accountants acting as custodians of the budgetary system, in some situations, other functional areas such as marketing or revenue management seemed to be the corporate policemen as they protected the corporate brand against unplanned price discounting or short term cost saving tactics. Rather than seeing functional specialisation as a disruptive obstacle to organisational coherence, the paper presents arguments and evidence which suggest that with the deployment of the principles of dialectical management, tensions between the different business functions can enhance strategic control and development.     

Experience looping,design looping and concept crossing: The key to successful product invention,development and adaptation

The management of product invention, development and adaptation (PIDA) is as important as technology transfer, although some PIDA principles are not culturally transferrable. This article discusses three principles which are applicable in a variety of cultural contexts-experience looping, design looping and concept crossing. The firm which can successfully incorporate such principles into its PIDA planning, particularly in overseas operations, is likely to improve market share.     

Capacidades,liderazgos y estrategias de gestión de organizaciones de la sociedad civil en zonas rurales

Poverty in rural areas of Mexico is still an unresolved problem. Experiences of civil society organizations in other countries show that they can be allies of the government to contribute to rural development because of their roles and capabilities. This article focuses on the role of civil society organizations to improve living conditions in rural areas of the State of Mexico by analyzing the work of six civil society organizations under a qualitative perspective. Leadership and commitment are some of the most important capabilities of their female founders. They have created and implemented management strategies that allow them to obtain and generate resources to satisfy local needs. Thus, their management strategies are seen as a methodological model and a key to work in a close partnership whit rural communities which can be seen as an added-value to civil society organizations and community participation for rural development.     

内蒙古草原牧区生态保护补助奖励政策的惠民效应分析

为保障国家生态安全,促进牧区牧业发展和牧民增收,国务院自2011年起全面建立草原生态保护补助奖励机制.本文采用参与式农村评估方法对草原牧区生态保护补助奖励政策对当地人民生计的影响做了分析论证,结果表明：生态补助奖励机制的实施不仅能够改善农牧民的生活条件,而且,也有助于农牧民整体文化素质的提高;对于不同家庭类型的农牧民由于其存在家庭结构、生活方式、生计策略、文化水平等方面的差异,生态补助奖励机制对其作用和表现也存在一定的差异;生态补助奖励机制的实施有利于草原地区草场的恢复和保护,有利于环境的改善,但是单凭这一种单一的政策,很难达到全面保护草场的目的,因此,还要通过一些辅助措施,来改善局部地区的草原恶化的局面.     

国内公共管理学科实践教学模式研究现状述评

公共管理学科教育在我国的重新开展只有近三十年的历程,如果说明确提出"公共管理"这一说法,时间则更为短暂。从我国各高校的研究与教学实践来看,实践教学已经成为推动本学科理论与实践发展的重要途径。这种重要推动作用主要体现在两大方面:一是加强理论与实践的结合,二是体现地方与学校的特色。     

Review of industrial safety management by international agreements and institutions

A review of the management of industrial safety on the basis of international agreements and institutions is presented. Focus is given to risks related to the chemical process industry. First, the key technical elements of the process to assess and manage industrial risks are described together with the related key legislative principles. Various techniques exist for the assessment of risk of industrial operations, and for the assessment of hazards to the environment and mankind. These techniques share common areas, e.g., with regard to data collection and interpretation, that offer the possibility of synergetic approaches via international agreements and institutions. In addition to technical risk assessment, cultural factors will need to be taken into account when addressing the topic of acceptable risk in any given social context. Next, various examples of current risk management frameworks in a multi‐ and bilateral context are given. Eventually, as a concrete example of an industrial risk management framework, the European Union's legislation to control major accident hazards, the Seveso II Directive, is discussed. An outlook on future actions concludes the paper.     

产业集群与工业园区关系的研究

产业集群与工业园区的关系是区域政府在推行集群发展战略时必须要思考的问题。本文结合我国的实际情况,对这个问题进行研究后发现,产业集群的形成并不一定需要工业园区作为平台,产业集群发展到对生产空间和创新环境有更高要求之后,对工业园区的需求才成为必要。工业园区不一定能自动带来产业集群的形成与发展,工业园区也不一定必须要以集群的方式来发展,在良好的区位禀赋和制度环境之下工业园区才有可能成为集群的栖息之地。     

Development paths of risk management: approaches,methods and fields of application

In the most recent stage of development of modern society, the growing complexity and dynamism of the contexts firms operate in has led to a relentless increase in the level of risk in all areas of firms’ management and activities. For this reason, the discipline and practice of risk management (RM) has taken hold more and more in very different sectors and contexts: from nuclear to supply chain to healthcare. The evolutionary path of RM has followed distinct paths of development that have adopted specific perspectives and, backed by different cultural matrices, led to unique approaches and methods. The aim of this paper is to provide a contribution to the identification and characterization of new paths of development based on a thorough analysis of the academic and managerial literature. This taxonomy can serve as an integrated reference to the RM discipline allowing those who deal with RM to identify and characterize the most suitable paths of development for a given context, within a comprehensive framework. This study can also promote a sort of ‘cross fertilization’ between experts in specific areas of RM as has been the case of clinical RM which draws from the experience gained in the field of complex engineering systems.     

Western cultural influence on corporate innovation: Evidence from Chinese listed companies

This study presents robust findings that Western cultural influence, as measured by Starbucks stores, significantly improves corporate innovation outcomes at nearby Chinese listed firms. These outcomes are generated by risk-taking in research and development investment, more aggressive CEO compensation packages, and tougher intellectual property protection. Our results show greater significance in areas where local cultural influence is less, industries are highly competitive, and non-state-owned enterprises are less prevalent. We generate insights into the cumulative and the incremental impact of Western cultural influence on firm innovation using yearly data on the number of Starbucks stores and new store openings within a given area.     

The Impact of Small Brownfields and Greenspaces on Residential Property Values

Using a hedonic pricing model, this paper investigates the responsiveness of residential property values in a well-defined inner-city neighborhood of Kenosha, Wisconsin, to the presence of two small former industrial sites contaminated by various environmental pollutants, or brownfields, and a local neighborhood park, or greenspace. Using readily available data on sales and assessments for residential property in close proximity to the brownfields and the greenspace, we estimate well-behaved and statistically significant property value gradients with respect to the park, the environmental amenity, and the brownfields, the environmental disamenities. These functions are then used to estimate the possible impact that brownfield remediation may have on total property value. We estimate that remediation and redevelopment of the brownfields into greenspaces would increase property values for the 890 neighborhood residences between $2.40 and $7.01 million. These results suggest that small brownfields have a measurable impact on property values and that readily accessible data can be used to help local policymakers make decisions on remediation issues.     

地方政府债务、空间溢出效应与区域经济增长

在区域协调发展和城市群不断扩大的背景下,本文基于2008-2018年我国271个地级市的平衡面板数据,利用动态空间杜宾模型探究地方政府债务通过基础设施建设渠道促进区域经济增长的作用机制。研究发现:(1)地方政府债务存在空间溢出效应,即本地的地方政府债务能够促进邻近区域的经济增长。该结论不随模型设定、代理变量、估计方法更改而发生变化。(2)从时间维度上看,基础设施的服务期限较长,因此地方政府债务对邻近区域经济增长的空间溢出效应存在时间累加,即长期效应大于短期效应。(3)从空间维度上看,我国省际间存在市场分割,导致地方政府债务的空间溢出效应省内强于省外。与此同时,地方政府债务的空间溢出效应主要存在于东部发达区域。(4)机制研究发现,基础设施作为政府提供的公共品,具有正外部性,在促进本地经济增长的同时,通过提升区域内互联性,促进了邻近区域的经济增长。本文研究表明,地方政府债务发行应同时考量本地效应、空间溢出效应以及区域差异;此外,制定地方债务相关政策时应在稳增长(同时考虑本地经济增长和区域经济增长)和防风险之间寻求平衡。     

北方游牧文明的传承与发展

北方游牧文明在世界文明史上做出诸多贡献,在很多方面都表现出独创性.蒙古帝国建立后,疆域的广阔,大大促进了东西方文化、文明的交流,开创了全球一体化的新局面.草原民族的迁徙和征服活动,直接促进和推动了世界军事学说和科学技术的发展.游牧文明独有的政治文化、制度文明影响了近现代欧亚大陆很多国家的政治进程和政治文化传统,影响了欧亚地区近现代民族、宗教格局的形成.     

区域差异背景下农村信用合作社发展模式探讨

由于我国中西部地区与东部地区经济发展存在较大差异,所以不同地区的农村信用合作社发展模式在选择上必须因地制宜.在东部地区,农信社的改革应以市场导向为主;在中西部地区,农信社应定位于合作性金融.     

西部农村地区特困儿童社会救助的实践:整合、协调与专业化

以实地调研为基础,论文指出当前西部农村地区特困儿童社会救助实践存在"多头治理、缺乏协调、救助对象覆盖不全、重资物轻服务、工作人员不足且缺乏专业性"等缺陷。为提升西部农村地区特困儿童社会救助效率,论文提出在基层政府层次上进行组织创新,设立特困儿童社会救助协调中心,以整合输入、协调输出和专业传递为原则构建西部农村地区特困儿童社会救助的实践模式。     

地方政府管理体制:区域经济一体化发展的重要制度瓶颈

随着我国地区间经济交往的不断加深和市场经济体制的建立完善,区域经济一体化得到了较快发展,取得了较大的成就,但是衍生的问题也十分突出.我国地方政府管理体制在行政区划、职能定位、机构设置和运行机制等方面与区域经济一体化存在不适应性,是区域经济一体化向纵深发展的重要制度瓶颈因素.只有创新地方政府管理体制,即调整行政区划、转变政府职能、改革政府机构、重塑府际关系、创新区域管理运作机制等,才能解决区域经济一体化发展中的制度瓶颈问题,促进地方政府管理体制与区域经济一体化发展之间的和谐互动.     

绿色普惠金融与乡村振兴耦合能否助推经济发展？

基于2011—2020年中国30个省（自治区、直辖市）的相关面板数据,利用耦合协调度和空间回归模型,分析绿色普惠金融与乡村振兴耦合协调发展水平并进一步探讨其对经济的助推作用。结果表明：绿色普惠金融与乡村振兴之间存在耦合协调机制;无论在经济空间还是地理空间中,某一地区的耦合协调度均可以促进本地及周边地区经济增长;在东、中、西部区域中,耦合协调度的经济效应具备空间外溢性和地区异质性。基于此,提出在全国范围内整体提升耦合协调度、在不同区域内立足区域实际进行精准施策的建议。     

科技园区创业生态环境模型构建及应用研究

创业环境是决定创业倾向、影响创业成功率的重要因素之一。本文针对科技园区创业环境,结合生态系统理论,模拟自然生态系统,采用四维度框架构建科技园区创业生态环境模型。该模型定性地分析了各生态因子的影响作用,为科技园区管理机构管理园区发展提供合理有效的管理途径,以及选择培养对企业成长起重要影响作用的生态因子提供理论依据。     

Domain-independent approach to risk reduction

Abstract

The popular domain-specific approach to risk reduction created the illusion that efficient risk reduction can be delivered successfully solely by using methods offered by the specific domain. As a result, many industries have been deprived of efficient risk reducing strategy and solutions. This paper argues that risk reduction is underlined by domain-independent methods and principles which, combined with knowledge from the specific domain, help to generate effective risk reduction solutions. In this respect, the paper introduces a powerful method for reducing the likelihood of computational errors based on combining the domain-independent method of segmentation and local knowledge of the chain rule for differentiation. The paper also demonstrates that lack of knowledge of domain-independent principles for risk reduction misses opportunities to reduce the risk of failure even in a mature field like stress analysis. The domain-independent methods for risk reduction do not rely on reliability data or knowledge of physical mechanisms underlying possible failure modes and are particularly well suited for developing new designs, with unknown failure mechanisms and failure history. In many cases, the reliability improvement and risk reduction by using the domain-independent methods reduces risk at no extra cost or at a relatively small cost. The presented domain-independent methods work across unrelated domains and this is demonstrated by the supplied examples which range from various areas of engineering and technology, computer science, project management, health risk management, business and mathematics. The domain-independent risk reduction methods presented in this paper promote building products and systems characterised by high-reliability and resilience.     

完善股权分置改革的思考

股权分置改革是中国股票市场发展中的一项重大改革,在这场全流通的改革中,需要有统一的原则和判断标准,且需要切实相关的法规法律来保证市场的公平性.要规范非流通股东的行为,并严防内幕交易和操纵股价等行为损害流通股东的利益.     

加强房地产业管理,有效支持地方经济社会发展的思考——以延边州为例

近些年延边房地产业呈现出较快发展势头,在拉动延边经济增长,加快城市建设与社会发展等方面起到了较好的推动作用。但与沿海发达地区相比,延边仍存在城市规划滞后、房地产市场监管不力等现实问题,一些资金实力差、诚信度低、技术力量弱的开发企业进入房地产开发领域,出现了无证销售、一房多卖、办理虚假按揭等现象。房地产业能否健康稳定发展,不仅影响银行的经营和发展,还会削弱银行支持地方经济社会发展能力。因此我们应当正视现实,寻找差距,加强房地产业管理,有效支持延边经济社会发展。