创新求发展 和谐铸辉煌

创新求发展在竞争日趋激烈的电力市场中,要谋生存、求发展、创效益,必须在管理创新上有先人一步的工作观念,在技术更新上有领先一步的科技意识,在经营决策上有高人一筹的发展眼光。处在丰水贫煤省份的广西,柳电克服诸多困难,以技术创新、管理创新、机制创新为载体,推行经营新理念,实践发展新思路,促进了发展和效益的双赢。工欲善其事,必先利其器在技术创新上,坚持走科技兴电之路,把握电力技术的最新潮流,吸收国内电厂的技改经验,积极运用到公司的技术更新和设备改造上,使"科技是第一生产力"充分体现在效益增长上。“十五”期间,公司每年的技…     

为研发而申请专利还是为专利申请而研发

在传统的“为研发而申请专利”的逻辑下,专利仅仅是研发活动的结果和表现．其战略重要性被明显低估。产业垂直分工和知识型企业的大量涌现表明,专利申请动机已明显地从防御性技术保护向进攻性价值创造转变：专利被视作有形化的知识商品从幕后走上前台成为企业和国家竞相争夺的焦点：对专利认识也正像市场营销理念那样从供应导向观向需求导向观转变。为此．本文提出以“为专利申请而研发”作为逻辑起点的新的专利战略概念框架。     

Proposals for a digital industrial policy for Europe

A digital industrial policy should take into account the new opportunities for industrial policy arising from digitalisation for tackling the sluggish economic growth performance in the Europe. The structural problems and potential market failures related to the adoption of digital technologies are identified. Apart from incentives to invest into digital infrastructure, the policy measures should strengthen the intangible asset base along the value added chain of the digital economy, fostering the related R&D activities, along with the skills of researchers and of workers. Public and private sector financing, combined through financial instruments, should focus on furthering entrepreneurship and implementation of innovative business plans.     

设计附合国际市场要求的包装

包装对商品销售和市场拓展的重要性已经受到各界的广泛重视。随着加入世界贸易组织，中国已成为全球工业和消费品的生产加工基地，愈来愈多的中国商品行销全球各地。为了使中国商品得到不同国家和地区人民的喜爱，不仅要在产品本身的质量和设计上下功夫，包装设计也不容忽视。     

工期拖延情况下业主利润损失索赔

建设期拖延对项目运营期的影响分成2种类型：一是运营期顺延；二是拖延运营期缩短。在这2种情况下，业主实际损失是不同的。采用净现金流量分析的方法，对在不同运营期长度下业主的实际损失进行分析，总结出其中一些规律。     

努力提高自主创新能力

满载丰硕成果的“十五”迈着欢庆的步伐渐行渐远,我们即将迎来更加辉煌灿烂的“十一五”。在这承前启后的关键时刻,中共十六届五中全会又吹响了夺取新胜利的进军号角,提出了“十一五”时期的宏伟目标。“必须保持经济平稳较快发展,必须加快转变经济增长方式,必须提高自主创新能力,必须促进城乡区域协调发展,必须加强和谐社会建设,必须不断深化改革开放”,这斩钉截铁、掷地有声的六个“必须”,既是实现宏伟目标必须遵循的指导原则,也是我国经济社会发展长远的指导方针。离开或违背了这“六个必须”,就谈不上宏大目标的实现。因此,我们必须全…     

11例心脏瓣膜置换手术的麻醉处理

本文介绍了鄂尔多斯市中心医院对11例心脏瓣膜置换手术的麻醉处理.     

Ethiopia: Food for work or food for relief

This article examines the aims, context and experience of food aid projects in Ethiopia. The major focus is a case study of an Ethiopian food-for-work project — the largest in sub-Saharan Africa — and favourable conclusions are drawn. Factors are identified which have made for this apparent success. Since one factor is local food shortage, consideration is also given to the proposition that the concept of ‘relief aid’ needs a wider definition than heretofore.     

Consumer demand for food diversity: evidence for Germany

Whereas a large number of empirical studies have been devoted to analysing consumer demand for specific products, much less attention has been paid to the household’s demand for product variety (the number of different products consumed in a specific time period). This paper analyses consumer demand for food variety in Germany. The econometric analysis of 4632 households suggests that variety significantly increases with income and the number of children aged between 7 and 17 years and is significantly higher if the family lives in larger cities in East Germany, and the housekeeping person is not additionally working full-time. A single male household consumes a significantly smaller number of different food products. The significant (and positive) impact of household income on food variety is in line with the hypothesis that consumption evolves along a hierarchical order as income increases.     

对加油机泵源国家标准的探讨

泵源是加油机的重要部件之一,它与加油机的吸油能力、噪声、计量准确度和可靠性等技术指标密切相关。对GB／T9081-2001《机动车燃油加油机》与泵源有关的技术要求进行探讨,分析GB 50156-2002《汽车加油加汽站设计与施工规范》对管路设置的要求,指出这两个标准的不完善之处。     

A communications plan for Mexico: Opportunity for recovery

On the basis of the current state of development of the Mexican telecommunications network, a plan is proposed to expand the national communications infrastructure on the lines of the effort demonstrated in the transmission of the Olympic Games in 1968. The author describes the organisational structure of communications services in Mexico and assesses their impact on the national economy through import and export activities. He then proposes a set of policies and strategies and suggests priorities on which immediate action should be taken. He concludes with an examination of long-term forecasting for telephone, telex and television.     

Pricing in revenue management for multiple firms competing for customers

We consider the pricing strategies of multiple firms providing the same service in competition for a common pool of customers in a revenue management context. The firms have finite capacity and the demand at each firm depends on the selling prices charged by all firms, each of which satisfies demand up to a given capacity limit. We use game theory to analyze the systems when firms face either a deterministic demand or a general stochastic demand. The existence and uniqueness conditions of a Nash equilibrium are derived, and we calculate the explicit Nash equilibrium point when the demand at each firm is a linear function of price. We also conduct sensitivity analysis of the equilibrium prices with respect to cost and capacity parameters.     

A Comparison of Approaches for Setting Standards for Technological Products

It is widely believed that setting industry-wide standards of uniformity for technological products hastens their diffusion. In this article, Barry Rosen, Steven Schnaars and David Shani examine whether standards merely make markets less competitive, or whether they promote economic growth through the accelerated diffusion of certain new products. The authors also examine conditions which are most conducive to setting standards and reflect on alternative approaches to achieving technical standards. Finally, they ask who should set industry standards? The article presents opposing arguments for allowing industry to cooperate in the setting of standards and for letting the marketplace be the ultimate arbiter of standards—acting to weed out the weak and promote the strongest technological entry.     

The momentum for network separation: A guide for regulators

Next Generation Access Networks (NGAs) are a challenge to regulators and operators insofar as they require large investments, there is a significant uncertainty about the ability to recover costs, and the choice of the appropriate regulatory regime is far from consensual. Regulatory authorities might want to seize the moment and reconsider mandatory vertical separation of telecommunication firms, without jeopardizing incentives to innovation and investment. This paper discusses the main elements of a possible test for the adequacy of network separation as a regulatory remedy. A sequential decision tree procedure with three questions is proposed: (1) “Is there significant market power in the provision of access under NGAs?”; (2) “Are there little vertical complementarities between services along the supply chain?”; and (3) “Is network separation a better regulatory tool than any other alternative?”. A positive answer to all the questions implies that the regulator should consider network separation as a regulatory remedy.