外资银行贷款利率更低——来自新兴市场银团贷款的证据及解释

在“一带一路”背景下,不仅我国制造业企业面临着“走出去”,我国商业银行等金融机构同样面临着“走出去”.“一带一路”沿线国家多数为新兴经济体和发展中国家,通过对新兴市场银团贷款特征的研究可以为我国商业银行“走出去”提供借鉴.基于此,本文利用汤森路透Dealscan数据库公布的1989-2015年中国、巴西、印度、印度尼西亚、马来西亚、墨西哥、俄罗斯、南非、泰国、菲律宾10个新兴市场国家企业的银团贷款数据,分析了外资银行牵头对银团贷款利率的影响机制.研究结果表明,在新兴市场企业银团贷款中,外资银行牵头会显著降低银团贷款利率.对此,本文从银行竞争力视角为外资银行贷款利率更低提供了解释.进一步分析发现,银行使用本国货币会显著影响外资银行贷款利率.     

知识产权保护如何影响企业国际化——来自中国上市公司的经验证据

本文以资源基础观和制度基础观为理论基础,采用2004—2015年中国上市公司数据,考察母国的知识产权保护对企业国际化的影响、作用机制及差异性。研究结果表明:母国的知识产权保护与企业国际化水平之间存在显著正相关关系;母国的知识产权保护主要通过创新机制和融资机制影响当地企业的国际化水平;进一步研究发现,母国的知识产权保护对企业国际化的影响,还会因企业的所有制类型和所处地区的不同而有所差异。研究对于深入理解母国的知识产权保护环境在企业国际化中的作用,推进我国知识产权强国建设、发展更高层次的开放型经济具有重要启示。     

金融开放、自主创新与企业出口产品质量——来自外资银行进入中国的经验分析

改进和提升出口产品质量成为中国重构出口竞争优势、打破全球价值链低端锁定困局以及扩大贸易利得的重要途径.使用2000-2013年中国企业微观数据,考察了以外资银行进入为表征的金融开放对企业出口产品质量升级的影响效应及其作用机制.研究结果表明:外资银行进入显著提升了进驻区域内企业出口产品质量,在考虑内生性问题和经过多重稳健性检验后,结论依然成立.作用机制检验显示,创新促进渠道是外资银行进入影响企业出口产品质量的重要机制.异质性分析结果表明,外资银行进入对中高生产率企业、外资企业、民营企业、高金融业中间投入行业企业以及专利密集型行业企业的出口质量提升效果更加显著;制度环境优化、金融市场化水平提高和知识产权保护强度提升都强化了外资银行进入的质量升级效应.     

产权性质、审计师选择与融资约束——基于中国A股上市公司的经验证据

文章以2008~2015年A股上市公司为研究样本,利用现金——现金流敏感度融资约束模型进行实证研究,探讨了产权性质、审计师选择对上市公司融资约束的影响.研究发现:对比"非十大","十大"审计过的上市公司融资约束更低,这验证了我国审计市场中的声誉机制已经在发挥作用;不同产权性质下,审计师声誉对融资约束的影响程度不同,具体表现为对比国有企业,非国有企业中,审计师声誉对融资约束的缓解作用更强,而且国有产权与融资约束负相关,对融资约束具有一定的缓解作用,这验证了我国资本市场上存在着"声誉替代"现象,国有产权"隐性担保"作用部分的替代了大规模审计事务所的声誉作用.     

外资银行与我国的金融安全

外资银行的进入，对我国经济、金融领域的发展起到积极推动作用。同时，我国的金融政策亦显现不相适应，其中包括银行系统的脆弱性、涉外金融法律的薄弱性和外资银行操作不规范性。从金融安全的视角，在华外资银行应该成为我国银行监管的主要服务客体。     

大股东侵占、公司声誉与公司绩效——基于中国上市公司的经验证据

外部大股东一方面具有减少管理者机会主义行为的积极效果,另一方面又会利用控制权侵占小股东和其他利益相关者的利益影响公司绩效;约束大股东行为、保护中小投资者利益成为公司治理的核心问题。在诸多约束大股东侵占的机制中,公司声誉机制被认为是约束大股东利益侵占的有效机制。本文采用2004年1261家上市公司为研究对象,对大股东侵占度和公司声誉制约机制对上市公司绩效的影响进行了实证分析,结果表明,大股东侵占度对公司绩效的影响不显著,公司声誉对公司绩效产生了显著的正面效应。此外,我们还发现法律环境对公司绩效产生积极影响。     

发展中国家企业国际化发展经验与启示

随着中国、印度、俄罗斯和巴西等发展中国家经济增长,一批具有国际竞争力的企业在发展中国家诞生并壮大。为了反映国际市场格局的这一重要变化,波士顿咨询公司于2012年10月发布了《全球挑战者研究报告》,总结了发展中国家企业国际化进程中的经验与教训,提出了新兴企业在海外拓展业务时应采取的策略,对于中国企业加速国际化进程具有重要借鉴意义。     

中国市场化指数与费用粘性研究——基于我国上市公司的经验证据

本文选取我国沪深A股上市公司为研究样本,研究市场化指数中的地区要素市场发育对费用粘性的影响、对不同费用类型影响以及对不同产权性质影响的差异性。本文研究发现:公司所在地要素市场化程度对费用粘性具有显著影响;市场化指数对不同类型费用的粘性影响有差异,对销售费用粘性的影响比对管理费用粘性的影响更加显著;市场化指数对国有上市公司费用粘性的影响比对非国有上市公司费用粘性的影响更加显著。     

市场化程度与企业债务税盾效应——来自中国上市公司的经验证据

本文采用2002—2011年中国上市公司的样本数据,实证研究市场化进程对样本企业债务税盾的跨期效应及特征。研究发现:第一,在不考虑市场化因素影响的情况下,中国上市公司的债务税盾效应显著存在;第二,企业所在地市场化程度越高,债务税盾效果越显著;第三,市场化进程有助于抑制由于预算软约束带来的企业债务风险;第四,中国上市公司债务税盾存在行业效应,表现为除房地产、原材料等行业外,对绝大多数行业效果明显。由此本文建议:政府应进一步推进市场化改革,以有利于企业降低财务风险,发挥债务税盾效用;运用行业优惠为主的企业所得税优惠政策,促进特定行业发展。     

国际化是否有助于提升后发企业的创新能力——基于中国上市公司的实证研究

国际化是否有助于提升后发企业的创新能力,现有文献对这一问题还缺乏足够的研究。本文运用2011—2015年中国深沪A股410家上市公司的平衡面板数据,从国际化深度和国际化广度两个维度分析了国际化对企业创新能力的影响,同时考察了吸收能力的调节作用。研究结果表明:国际化深度和国际化广度对企业的创新能力具有显著的积极影响;企业的吸收能力对于国际化广度与创新能力的关系具有正向调节作用,而对于国际化深度与创新能力的关系则具有负向调节作用。     

The Internationalization of Small and Medium-Sized Firms

This paper contributes to the existing research by integrating the notions of organizational learning and entrepreneurial orientation into the body of international entrepreneurship. Our primary framework combines learning theory and the new venture theory of internationalization to study the extent to which small and medium-sized companies engage in international activities. We found that the firms’ international learning effort and entrepreneurial orientation are positively associated with internationalization intent whereas domestic learning effort is negatively related with internationalization intent. Overall, our results suggest (1) that intensive knowledge renewal and exploitation regarding foreign markets and the internationalization process itself may increase internationalization by affecting the perceptions of opportunities offered by further international expansion, and (2) that firms with an entrepreneurial mindset may be more likely to develop a long-term, substantial presence in the international arena, compared to firms that are more reactive or conservative.     

境外上市在我国企业国际化进程中的作用

以在香港联交所上市的境内企业为样本,从收入的地区分布角度考察境外上市在我国企业国际化进程中的作用。研究结果发现:境外上市企业比仅在境内上市的企业更为依赖国际市场。但对境外上市企业境外上市前后境外收入占比的对比分析表明,境外上市并没有对我国企业拓展国际市场业务起到显著的推动作用。     

Lending Relationships,Bank Default and Economic Activity

The paper reviews contributions in the literature, which lend theoretical and empirical credibility to the idea that the banking relationship is valuable and important for the firm. Banks offer a lending relationship as the solution to the firm's ongoing credit needs. Bank default disrupts this relationship. Hence risk in the banking sector influences the value of the relationship, the cost of corporate finance, and the level and growth of real activity. As bank default is often the result of fraud and internal irregularities, it is hard to predict. Bank default affects the economy through a number of different channels. The loss of the relationship, benefit for the firm is an important route through which the health of the banking sector influences real activity.     

Commercial Bank Lending to SMEs in Poland

This paper explores the processes of financial intermediation that are used by commercial banks in their interactions with SMEs in Poland. The paper develops an argument for examining the empirical realities of commercial bank involvement with the SME sector within the context of economic transformation by suggesting that the connection between them influences the trajectories of economic change within transition. The paper provides a history of re-organisation of the commercial banking sector in Poland, paying particular attention to the involvement of foreign capital and foreign banks as the trend towards increasing foreign participation is apparent in the Central European transition economies. The findings from this research suggest that there are some significant variations within the commercial banking sector in the approach to, and practices for, lending to the SME sector.     

Information Technology Support for Corporate Bank Lending

Decision-making in corporate bank lending occurs at both strategic and individual proposition levels. In principle, these levels will require a different type of IT support for the decisions taken therein. This article discusses the concepts of decision support systems and management information systems, in the light of recent developments in information technology, particularly those in the field of expert systems. The conclusions drawn are that a decision support system will be needed at the strategic level, while an augmented management information system will be required for dealing with individual propositions. This augmentation is seen to come from an expert system front-end’ to the information system, providing an expert management information system.     

Foreign Investment in Accounting Firms

According to Catalogue for the Guidance of Foreign Investment Industries promulgated by the State in 2002, Sino-foreign cooperatives and partnerships in accounting and auditing firms are allowed while equity join venture and wholly foreign- owned accounting and auditing firms are not allowed.     

A Conceptual Model of the Internationalization of Services Firms

Abstract

In the 1990s, the global marketplace is characterized by the speed and ease with which services cross over national boundaries. As a result, service industries in many countries around the world have become extremely important in the development and socioeconomic well-being of these countries. The purpose of this paper is to understand the internationalization process of services firms. It is concluded that international operations of services firms are driven by a similar set of variables used by manufacturing firms, but the intensity and direction of some key relationships require modification and adaptation.     

Foreign Investment in Establishing Law Firms

1. A representative office of a foreign law firm in China and its representatives may engage in the legal services.
2. A representative office and its representatives shall engage in the following legal activities excluding Chinese legal affairs：