江苏新医药产业协同创新选择

新医药产业是江苏重点发展的优势产业,以开放、合作、共享为特点的协同创新是产业技术创新的必然选择。协同创新的本质是创新系统的构建。江苏新医药产业在创新主体、政策支持、研发投入、研发资源四个方面的协同创新存在一些问题,应从企业、高校和科研机构、政府、产业集群以及中介机构方面加以改进。     

高耗能产业群协同创新网络运行机制研究

新形势下传统高耗能产业面临产能过剩的问题,亟需通过协同创新网络组织进行产业转型升级。基于技术创新机制、创新环境机制和创新治理机制,构建了高耗能产业群协同创新网络运行机制的结构模型及评价指标体系,运用系统协同度模型以剖析其协同过程。以神华集团为例通过2008-2016年期间协同创新网络运行机制的实证分析,得到的结论是3个机制相互影响、相互促进,通过协同作用促进高耗能产业群协同创新网络的创新能力。     

创新集群知识网络的构建及运行机制研究

该文界定了创新集群知识网络的概念和内涵,构建了由纵向产业链知识转移和扩散链与横向知识支撑链构成的结构模型,基于系统观视角提出了双重嵌入性、动态性和协同性、创新经济性等特征,并从知识网络运行的过程机制、以产学研为核心的知识协同创新机制、知识网络运行服务保障机制、知识网络环境支持机制4个方面研究了创新集群知识网络的运行机制.     

集群企业网络嵌入对协同创新影响的实证研究

根据集群企业参与协同创新所达到的目标,将集群企业协同创新划分为了成本降低型、品质改善型、价值提升型和价值创造型四种模式,并构建了集群企业网络嵌入与协同创新模式关系的概念模型。文章通过对浙江省183家集群企业的问替调查和结构方程模型分析,实证结果表明：集群企业协同创新的四模式结构成立,集群企业的关系嵌八、结构嵌入和位置嵌入对协同创新部有显著的正向影响,但集群企业的关系嵌入、结构嵌入和位置嵌入对四种协同创新模式具有差异化的影响．揭示了集群企业协同创新管理的网络构建机制。     

基于解释结构模型的产学研协同创新影响因素体系分析

文章在相关文献的研究基础上,总结了影响产学研协同创新的15个因素,并通过解释结构方程模型构建了产学研协同创新系统模型,分析了各个影响因素之间的相互关系和作用机制。深度剖析了产学研协同创新系统的结构及形成过程,为产学研协同创新实证研究提供了支持。     

新视角下IT能力与协同创新绩效作用机理研究

IT能力对技术创新联盟的协同创新绩效的提升具有重要的现实意义。基于此,文章从隐性知识转化效率视角来探讨IT能力对联盟协同创新绩效的影响机制,通过系统动力学方法的基本原理构建了IT能力、隐性知识转化效率与协同创新绩效的因果关系模型,并应用Vensim PLE软件进行系统仿真。研究结果发现:IT能力对隐性知识吸收转化效率的影响接近于S型增长趋势,对协同创新绩效的影响呈现非线性增长趋势。同时,隐性知识转化效率的相关影响因素,即知识转移意愿和知识吸收能力对协同创新绩效产生显著正向影响,其中知识转移意愿的影响更强。     

企业生命周期与协同创新网络关系的多案例研究

如何构建协同创新网络以获取所需资源是企业成长的重要问题。通过探索协同创新网络演进的各个阶段，选取制造型企业东汽与京东方进行多案例研究，分析对比两家企业的成长历程和所处协同创新网络的演化过程，提出了企业生命周期与协同创新网络之间存在互相匹配的理论模型。研究发现：企业要根据自身成长时期和所处协同创新网络的演化阶段，选择恰当的协同伙伴，才能满足自身发展需求。     

我国农业推广与信息化网络体系结合的创新模式

农业中从研发、生产到推广往往需要多元主体参与的信息化网络式合作。而基于政府主导型推广信息化网络和市场主导型推广信息化网络创新模式都存在一定的制度困境,探索性地构建合作农业推广协同信息网络创新模式,并从纵横交错的网络结构、正式和非正式契约下的网络关系、动态化的运作过程、全方位的创新以及合作信息网络发展等角度对该模式进行阐述。     

自由贸易试验区的协同创新网络效应：空间断点与地理识别

自由贸易试验区是高水平对外开放和创新驱动发展战略的重要组成部分，其设立能否提高区内市场主体的协同创新能力，从而形成协同创新网络？本文人工收集自由贸易试验区的地理空间信息，以全球卫星定位系统识别并绘制园区地理边界，在匹配2010-2019年专利数据和各主体的经纬度后，运用空间断点回归法考察自由贸易试验区战略的协同创新网络效应。结果表明，自由贸易试验区的设立显著提升了区内协同创新水平。它的制度创新为市场主体开展协同创新提供了优质的制度环境，行政审批效率的提升、知识产权的有效保护都促进了创新要素流动，从而提升了各主体的协同能力与整个协同创新网络的运行效率。本文从兼顾开放与创新的顶层设计维度剖析了自由贸易试验区战略的制度红利。     

新时代地方应用型高校协同创新对策研究

在新时代背景下,地方应用型高校在产学研协同创新,积极投身创新驱动发展战略中占据重要力量,在产学研协同创新落地建设过程中也面临亟须解决的问题。本文面向地方高校,从培育交叉学科、组建协同创新中心构建多元协同创新平台、建章建制做好保障服务和加大协同创新师资队伍培训等四个方面对协同创新长效机制进行了分析,提出了地方应用型高校深入推进产学研协同创新服务区域创新驱动发展战略新对策,对地方高校深入推动学科建设、人才培养、科技创新和成果转移转化有一定的参考价值。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

On the Major Transformation of the Asia-Pacific Regional Structure北大核心CSSCISSCI

Recent years have witnessedsignificant changes in the Asia-Pacific regionalstructure featuring the shift in power balance among related countries as well as adjust-ments in their respective regional strategies. So what is the prevailing trend in thistransformation and what kind of regional order will likely emerge in the future？ To an-swer these questions, the paper tries to explore the following dimensions： the evolvingregional context, shift in power balance and power conversion, geo-political and geo-e-conomic developments and interactions between them, and evolving regional order. Asthe study shows, the broadening of regional geographical scope, the rise in the numberof actors involved, as well as changesin the relations among them, have combined tocast a pluralistic and complex flavor to the regional structure. While the power balanceamong China, the United States and Japan shifts, and power conversion is also occur-ring. China and Japan are paying increasing attention to their security roles, whereasthe United States under the Obama administration laid more stress on expanding itsgeo-economic clout. In spite of the intensifying geopolitical competition among China,the United States and Japan in recent years, a Sino-US strategic compromise-whichholds the key to regional geopolitics-isother front, some kind of geo-economicmore likely to take place in the future. On thecooperation will probably emerge. In the longerterm, it will be the geo-economic trend thatwill prevail over the geopolitical trend inthe region. Finally, the future evolution of regional order wiI1 mainly follow the eco-nomic logic, accompanied by the dilutionof its hegemonic and hierarchical nature.Hence, a pluralistic and complex regional community will emerge.     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.     

以资本管理为核心的银行治理综合评价指标研究

商业银行的特殊性体现在风险性、外部性和多重治理目标上，尤其集中体现在风险管理的本质上。风险管理日益成为现代商业银行的主体活动和核心职能，资本管理成为现代商业银行风险管理的核心。在整合EVA和RAROC指标的基础上。文章构建了以资本管理为核心的银行治理的综合评价指标，以求真实反映银行经营的成果，有效衡量风险收益和风险成本的对比关系，从而反映以资本管理为核心的银行风险管理的过程、能力和效率。     

Organization and incentives in the age of sail

The British Navy in the age of sail was the most successful bureaucracy of its time. Its organization and incentive structures differed importantly from contemporaneous private sailing ventures, but closely resembled those of today’s large corporations. To induce efficient effort, the navy used a hierarchical tournament, in which sailors competed for higher pay that came with promotions based on relative performance. Promotion probabilities, the option value of future promotions, and the higher effort required of men in higher ranks and on larger vessels, combined to yield a highly skewed pay structure.     

The German Hanse and Bergen – new perspectives on an old subject

Abstract

The Hanseatic League and her kontors (trading posts) were an integral part of the medieval trade system in Northern Europe. Hanse merchants dominated many markets in this region and managed to maintain a monopoly-like role in towns like Novgorod and Bergen for many centuries. Consequently, one focus of historical research about the Hanseatic League lay on the mechanisms that enabled the Hanse merchants to keep that strong of a position for such a long time.

This article is part of the discussion about this topic. Based on Lübeck merchants with business interest in the Norwegian town of Bergen, the so-called Bergenfahrers (Bergen travellers), it will give new insights into the Hansards' economical and social organization. The three main points are (a) the integration of the Bergen market in the Hanseatic trade network as an intermediary trading place on the vivid East–West route of Hanse trade; (b) the importance of the Bergenfahrers within the Hanse merchants' economical, social and political networks; and (c) the structure of the Bergenfahrers network patterns in the late Middle Ages.

In addition to new insights into the important role of Bergen and the Bergenfahrers within Lübeck's and the other Wendish Hanse towns' trading system, this articles provides further proof for the usefulness of the methods of Social Network Analysis in medieval economic research.     

Markteintrittstiming von Telekommunikationsdiensteanbietern

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie analysiert für 87 Neuprodukteinführungen (NPE) und Auslandsmarkteintritte (AME) von Telekommunikations(TK)-Diensteanbietern in Deutschland, zu denen 42 Schlüsselinformanten in einer schriftlichen Befragung Auskunft gaben, (1) inwieweit deren zeitliche Eintrittspositionierung durch Marktcharakteristika und Unternehmensressourcen erkl?rbar ist sowie (2) inwieweit und gegebenenfalls unter welchen unternehmensexternen und -internen Situationsbedingungen deren Markteintrittstiming mit dem wahrgenommenen Eintrittserfolg assoziiert ist. Ein früher Markteintritt wurde dann realisiert, wenn die Wettbewerbsintensit?t im adressierten Gesch?ft niedrig und das Budget für den Expansionsschritt überdurchschnittlich ausfielen. Zwischen dem Markteintrittstiming und der Beurteilung des Eintrittserfolgs bestand ein nicht monotoner, umgekehrt U-f?rmiger Zusammenhang: Frühe Folger wiesen signifikant bessere Erfolgswerte auf als Pioniere und sp?te Folger, deren Erfolgsniveaus nicht signifikant divergierten. In einer Industrie, die durch starke externe Netzeffekte gepr?gt ist, fallen offenbar die Nachteile eines Markteintritts als Pionier oder sp?ter Folger st?rker ins Gewicht als die Vorteile dieser beiden zeitlichen Eintrittspositionierungen. Unabh?ngig vom Markteintrittstiming wurden NPE/AME von TK-Unternehmen als erfolgreicher eingestuft, wenn sie sich in einen Markt mit stark wachsender Nachfrage und aufeinander abgestimmt (re)agierenden Wettbewerbern mit qualitativ überdurchschnittlichen, abw?rtskompatiblen, erprobbaren und wenig erkl?rungsbedürftigen TK-Diensten engagierten.      

Financial Reporting and Trade Credit: Evidence from Mandatory IFRS Adoption*

We investigate the effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on trade credit. We document that firms in countries that adopt IFRS receive more trade credit from their suppliers, consistent with improved financial reporting quality and comparability playing a role in facilitating informal financing. This increase is larger for countries with a low level of societal trust, a poor pre‐IFRS‐adoption information environment, and stronger legal enforcement. These cross‐sectional results suggest that the conditions under which higher‐quality information is made publicly available affect suppliers' decisions to provide trade credit. This increase is also larger for firms with greater exposure to foreign markets, a finding that highlights the importance of more comparable international financial reporting standards in facilitating cross‐country trade credit. We also find that IFRS adoption has a stronger positive effect on trade credit for firms with greater liquidity needs. Finally, we find that firms in countries that adopt IFRS also extend more trade credit to their customers. Overall, our results support the notion that financial reporting can have a causal effect on trade credit.