Farm mechanization on an otherwise ‘featureless’ plain: tractors on the Northern Great Plains and immigration policy of the 1920s

The 1920s marked the beginning of the diffusion of the gasoline tractor in North American agriculture. The tractor was a labor-saving technology by virtue of its speed of operation, reducing labor input per acre. During the same decade, immigration policies of the USA and Canada diverged sharply. While the USA implemented immigration quotas, Canada admitted large flows of Eastern Europeans, provided their destination was the Prairie West. With the essentially homogeneous nature of the plain on either side of the international border, this divergence in policy sets up a natural experiment that allows us to test the effects of different changes in labor supply on the adoption of labor-saving agricultural technology. We show that although Canadian farmers had earlier adopted tractors at the same rate as farmers in the USA, the relatively slower rate of adoption of the tractor on the Canadian Prairies following the policy divergence can be attributed to Canada’s shift to a more open immigration policy. We conclude that changes to macro-policies can have unexpected consequences as illustrated by this example of tractor diffusion.     

Historic Nodes in the Chinization of Marxist Economic Thought——An Analysis of the First Half of the 20th Century

20世纪上半期,中国革命的伟大实践,马克思主义研究的日益深入,为马克思主义经济思想中国化提供了丰富的营养.中国的先进分子运用马克思主义,论证了中国经济的性质,剖析了中国半封建半殖民地经济形态的基本规律,构建了新民主主义经济思想的框架,形成了马克思主义经济思想中国化发展的三大“节点”,对马克思主义经济思想的发展,以及20世纪下半期中国经济的改造产生了深远影响.     

The Relationship between International and Domestic Soybean Prices in the Long Term and Short Term——An Empirical Study Based on Cointegration Theory and Error Correction Model

基于1998年1月-2010年11月的月度数据,利用协整理论以及误差修正模型等方法对国际大豆市场和国内大豆市场之间的关系进行实证分析.研究结果发现:国际国内大豆市场价格之间在长期具有均衡稳定的协整关系,国际市场大豆价格的波动显著影响着我国市场大豆价格的变动;国际大豆价格波动向国内市场传导的过程具有由短期波动到长期均衡的自我修正的动态机制;国际国内大豆市场反向的因果关系并不成立,国内大豆市场对国际大豆市场影响有限.因此,为维持我国大豆市场价格的稳定,需要采取有效措施,建立国际价格预警体系,提高国内大豆产量,完善农产品期货市场,充分发挥农产品进口及收储政策的调控作用.     

Price of life——the murder case of Scientist Yun Xiaohua during carving out

The cooperation of technology and capital is just same as the two sides of one coin, which are independent to each other but depend on each other If one wants to awoid the tragedy and failure, the combination like the two sides of the coin shall be realized in the true sense. If not having a common goal and if not being open with each other, it is supposedly difficult to reach the ideal effect to realize such combination.     

Analysis Into the Impacts of A Unified Layout of Business Letters on a Company

This paper tells about the layout of a business letter and explains some impacts of a unified layout on a company.     

Do technological booms matter? New evidence on the relationship between firm size and innovativeness

Many papers have been written about the effect of firm size on innovativeness, revealing a positive, a negative or a mixed impact. To this day, the so-called Schumpeterian hypothesis of the above-average innovativeness of large firms has neither been confirmed nor rejected, often because of insufficient data or a too-short observation period. Many studies concentrate only on a specific region or sector, or they analyze a very short time period. Windows of technological opportunities, providing technological booms for both firms and sectors, have not yet been investigated. An analysis of Germany’s chemical, metal and electrical-engineering sectors between 1877 and 1932 reveals that the sector-specific long-term relationship between firm size and innovativeness is negative, except during times of specific technological booms. In combination with firm-specific characteristics, this new aspect can contribute to a better understanding of the long-term relationship between firm size and innovativeness.